UASB厌氧处理工艺的现状与发展-毕业论文外文文献翻译

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1、附录一The Statuesque and development of UASB anaerobic processAbstract: This paper introduces the origin of UASB reactor, the workingprinciples, characteristics, the development and application of thelatest research progress, pointing out that the recent UASB reactor research focus.Key Words: anaerobic

2、、 treatment、 process.1. Introduction :Anaerobic biological treatment as the use of anaerobic metabolism of microorganisms, without the provision of energy sources under the conditions of organic matter as to be restored by hydrogen donor, while generating energy value of the methane gas. Anaerobic b

3、iological treatment applies not only to high concentrations of organic wastewater, influent BOD up to the highest concentration of tens of thousands of mg/l, can also be applied in low concentrations of organic wastewater, such as sewage, and other cities. Anaerobic biological treatment process and

4、low consumption, organic volume load, generally 5-10 kgCOD/m3d, up to a maximum of 30-50 kgCOD/m3d; less residual sludge; on the nutritional needs of low anaerobes, MDR-toxic, biodegradable organic molecular weight high impact resistant capacity of strong output of methane is a kind of clean energy.

5、 In the whole of society to promote a recycling economy and the implementation of the concerns of the industrial waste recycling today, anaerobic biological treatment of sewage is clearly enables the optimization of resources. In recent years, the anaerobic wastewater treatment process developed ver

6、y rapidly, with new technology, new methods emerging, including anaerobic contact method, the up-flow anaerobic sludge bed anaerobic stall plate, anaerobic biological filter , anaerobic expanded bed and fluidized bed, and the third generation of anaerobic process EGSB and IC anaerobic reactor, devel

7、oped very rapidly. And the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket UASB (Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed, Note: hereinafter referred to UASB) owing to the anaerobic process of anaerobic filters and activated sludge characteristics of the dual, as can be transformed into the pollutants in the sewage 10% of ren

8、ewable clean energy - a biogas technology. The different solid content of the sewage adaptability also strong, and its structure, operation and maintenance management operation is relatively simple and relatively low cost, technology is now mature, and increasingly sewage treatment industry attentio

9、n, was widely welcomed and Application . This paper attempts to UASB technology and the operation of the UASB design features, as well as areas for a start briefly described.2. The origin of UASBIn 1971 Holland (Wageningen) Agricultural University Ladingge (Lettinga) Professor physical structural de

10、sign, the use of the gravitational field of the role of different density material difference, invented the three-phase separator. The activated sludge wastewater retention time and stay separated, and formed a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor on the prototype. Netherlands CSM 1974 in

11、its 6 m3 reactor sugar beet processing wastewater, it was found that the activated sludge formation mechanism of its own fixed biological polymer structure, granular sludge (granular sludge). The emergence of granular sludge, not only for the promotion of a representative of the UASB anaerobic react

12、or, the second generation of applications and development, but also for the third-generation anaerobic reactor laid the foundation for the birth. Currently, the UASB process in Europe has been generally formed granular sludge, which makes anaerobic UASB technology in Europe have been quick to popula

13、rize. China in 1981 began UASB reactor research, the technology in China has been the actual application. UASB reactor is the most widely used high-rate anaerobic reactor, the technology at home and abroad anaerobic treatment has become one of the mainstream technologies.3. UASB reactor structure an

14、d the basic principles(1) the composition of UASB reactorUASB reactor, the main part of Mainly divided into two regions, namely, three-phase reaction zone and the area of separation. Reaction zone which UASB reactor for the main work.(2) of the UASB reactor principle UASB sludge from the reaction zo

15、ne, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator (including precipitation area) gas chamber composed of three parts. Reaction in the region hold a large number at the bottom of anaerobic sludge, sludge concentrations can reach 50 to 100 g/l or higher, the precipitation has good performance and cohesio

16、n of the sludge in the bottom of a sludge layer. To deal with the sewage sludge from the anaerobic sludge bed at the bottom and flows of sludge was mixed layer contacts, as water and upward mobility of the large number of gas increased agitation to form a good natural role, and part of the sludge in

17、 the response the above form a relatively thin sludge suspension, suspended sludge concentration area generally from 5 to 40 g/l range. Suspension into the area of separation, the first gas chamber was set to enter separation, slurry containing wastewater from entering the settlement room,the sludge

18、 in the settlement, returned to the reaction zone by the slant to clarify the water from the overflow. Sludge in the microbial decomposition of organic matter in sewage, it turned into gas. Tiny gas bubbles to form the release, tiny bubbles rising in the course of the merger, and gradually form larg

19、er bubbles in the sludge bed methane because of the disturbance to form a sludge concentration in the sludge and thin together with increased access to three water phase separator, encountered gas separator plate at the bottom of reflection, the reflection plate% for the four weeks, and then enter t

20、he water through the chamber, concentrated in the gas chamber with catheter export, the solid-liquid mixture into the three-phase reflection Separator sedimentation, sewage sludge in the flocculation, particle gradually increasing, and the role of gravity in the settlement. Precipitation ramps to th

21、e wall of sewage quagmire oblique wall slip back anaerobic reactor area, the reaction region accumulated a large number of sludge, and sludge from the treated effluent from the upper sediment overflow weir area, and then discharged sludge bed. The basic requirements are: (1) To provide a conducive s

22、ludge flocculation of the physical, chemical and mechanical conditions, access to anaerobic sludge sedimentation and maintain a good performance; (2) Good sludge bed often form a fairly stable biological phase, and maintain specific probiotics environment, the strong resistance to disturbance force,

23、 the larger floc precipitation has good properties, thereby enhancing the equipment sludge concentration; (3) in the sludge bed equipment through the establishment of a precipitation area, the fine particles of sludge sedimentation in the sludge layer further flocculation and sedimentation, and then

24、 back into the sludge bed.4. UASB reactor, the process featuresUASB reactor operation of three important premise: reactor in the form of a good settlement or granular sludge floc sludge; produced gas and uniform distribution of water formed by mixing a good role rational design The three-phase separ

25、ator, the good performance of precipitation can remain in the sludge in the reactor. (1) the use of microorganisms immobilized cell technology - sludge particles of UASB reactor using bacteria immobilized cell technology - Implementation of the sludge particles HRT and sludge retention time of the s

26、eparation, thus prolonging the sludge sludge age, and maintain a high concentration of sludge. Anaerobic sludge particles with good performance and the settlement higher than methane-producing activity, and relatively small carrier density than artificial, generated by the sludge and gas to achieve

27、full access to the Matrix, a saving of agitation and) for upward movreturn the equipment and sludge energy consumption need not attached precipitation separation devices. At the same time the reactor without adding fillers and vector volume increased utilization. (2) from the gas and water distribut

28、ion uniformity formed by mixing the natural good in the role of the UASB reactor, gas and water production increased flow and the formation of bubbles on the reaction region Shangcuan sludge particles have an important Hierarchical role. This role not only affect the process of sludge particles, and

29、 also the formation of the granular sludge quality greatly affected. At the same time the role of mixing the sludge and to achieve full access to the matrix. (3) the rational design of the three-phase separator is the application of three-phase separator in the UASB reactor, the most important equip

30、ment. Application of the three-phase separator degassing save auxiliary devices, can be collected from the reaction zone gas separator at the same time so that the suspension of sediments down to the good performance of precipitation will remain in the sludge in the reactor.5. UASB state and the flo

31、w of sludge UASB flow pattern within a complex reaction pattern on the region and gas production and reaction zone highly relevant, in general, the reaction zone in the lower layer of sludge, as the result of gas production, partly through the magnanimity of more sections, forming a Unit increased a

32、irflow, the mixture of lead (referring to the sludge and waterement. At the same time, this gas, and water around the downward movement of media, resulting in mixed reverse this flow pattern resulting flow of water short. This increase in the gas away from the flow of easy to form a corner. In these

33、 dead ends, but also has a certain production levels, the formation of sludge and water mixed slow and weak, so that in the formation of sludge layer varying degrees of mixing zone, the size of the mixing zone of the process and short. Suspension layer of the mixture, as gas liquid currency movement

34、s led to a higher rate of rise and fall, a strong mixed. Gas production in the relativeely few cases, and sometimes suspended sludge layer and the boundary layer is obvious, and more gas production in the circumstances, this interface not obvious. The trial showed that precipitation in the region wa

35、s pushing water flow, but there is still a precipitation zone dead zone and mixing zone. UASB the sludge concentration and equipment related to the organic loading rate. Wastewater treatment is sugar, and distribution of sludge in the UASB load relations. As can be seen from Figure sludge layer of s

36、ludge concentration of suspended sludge concentration, the suspension of the upper and lower parts of the sludge concentration difference of smaller, that is close to completely mixed flow pattern, the response to the district awarded sludge, when organic load at the high level of suspended sludge b

37、oundary layer and not obvious. Test shows that the sewage through the bottom of the 0.4-0.6 m high, 90% of the organic matter is converted. This shows that anaerobic sludge is highly active and changed the anaerobic treatment for a long time that the concept of the slow process. In anaerobic sludge,

38、 the accumulation of a large number of high activity of anaerobic sludge such equipment is the main reason for huge capacity, which in turn is attributable to the sludge sedimentation good performance. UASB has a high volume of organic loading rate, mainly because of the equipment, in particular the

39、 sludge layer retain a large number of anaerobic sludge. Of the stability and efficiency to a great extent depend on the settlement with excellent performance and high methane activity of the sludge, especially granular sludge. On the contrary, if the response to the regions sludge-loose flocculatio

40、n of existence, often floating sludge loss of the UASB not stable under high load operation.6. Affect the performance of the UASB reactor main factors (1) anaerobic wastewater treatment temperature are also divided into low temperature, high temperature in the three categories of mild, the temperatu

41、re range with the corresponding microbial growth range should be. So far the majority of anaerobic wastewater treatment system in the temperature range operation, to 30 to 40 most common, and the best temperature at 35 to 40 . High-temperature process in more than 50 to 60 of operation. Low-temperat

42、ure anaerobic sludge of moderate activity was significantly lower than that in high-temperature, the reactor load is relatively low, but for some lower temperature of wastewater, low-temperature process is the choice of programmes. (2) pH value of the pH value of anaerobic wastewater treatment is th

43、e most important factor in the impact. Anaerobic treatment, hydrolysis and acid producing bacteria on the pH of a greater range of adaptability, but the pH-sensitive bacteria suitable for the growth of pH 6.5 to 7.8, which is under normal circum stances should be controlled by the anaerobic treatmen

44、t of pH. (3) nutrient and trace elements anaerobic bacteria from wastewater treatment process, but it should maintain a good environment for the growth of bacteria, the bacteria have sufficient guarantees of its own cell material compounds. Based on the chemical composition of cells, which include n

45、utrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, as well as calcium, magnesium, iron, and other growth or a small number of essential trace elements. (4) alkalinity and volatile acid concentration to ensure that traditional theory that the formation of granular sludge reactor, alkalinity should

46、be maintained at the 1000 5000 mgCaCO3/l within the scope of the reactor if the alkalinity of less than 1000 mgCaCO3/l, , PH value would lead to its decline in its first-class Tang study has been confirmed to ensure that the UASB reactor sludge particles is the alkalinity of the minimum 750 mgCaCO3/

47、l. In the UASB reactor, the concentration of volatile acidity of security control in the 2000 mg/l (HAC) within the VFA when the concentration is less than 200 mg/l, it is the best. (5) the influent concentration of suspended solids in the water to control the suspended solids (SS) concentration of

48、strict control requirements UASB reactor process with other anaerobic treatment process significantly different. Generally speaking, in the wastewater SS / COD ratio should be controlled below 0.5. (6) the control of toxic and hazardous substances control ammonia concentration: the level of ammonia

49、concentration on anaerobic microorganisms produce two kinds of different influences. When its concentration in the 50-200 mg/l, in the anaerobic reactor could stimulate microbial role in the concentration of 1500-3000 mg/l, will produce significantly inhibit microbes. Generally preferable to control

50、 the concentration of ammonia in the 1000 mg/l following. sulfate (SO2-4) concentration control: UASB reactor in the sulfate ion concentration should not exceed 50 mg / l, in the course of operation of the UASB COD/SO2-4 ratio should be greater than 10. other toxic substances: lead UASB reactor deal

51、 with the causes of the failure, in addition to the above-mentioned several other than the presence of toxic substances must also be paying very close attention to, these substances are mainly the following: heavy metals, alkaline earth metals, trichloromethane, cyanides, phenols, such as nitrates a

52、nd chlorine.7. the advantages and disadvantages of UASB UASB the main advantages are: 1. high concentrations of sludge in the UASB, the average concentration of sludge 20-40 gVSS / 1; 2. the high organic load, hydraulic retention time is short, when used in the fermentation temperature, the volume l

53、oad is generally around 10 kgCOD/m3d; 3. no mixer equipment, on the fermentation process of the rise in gas campaign to the Department of sludge bed in a suspended state of the sludge, the sludge layer on the bottom there is a certain degree of agitation; 4. sludge bed not available carrier, cost sa

54、vings and avoid blocking fill in the problem; 5. UASB internal three-phase separator, and are normally not sedimentation tanks, precipitation was separated sludge blanket reactor back to the region, usually no sludge can be returned equipment. Main weaknesses are: 1. in the suspension of water need

55、to be properly controlled and should not be too high, generally in the control of 100 mg / l following; 2. sludge bed short reflow phenomenon, affecting processing capability; 3. water quality and more sensitive to sudden changes in load, impact resistance is not good.8. the Applied Research Status

56、such as activated technology Lepisto earlier study carried out in this respect. The UASB granular sludge technology is the core of the formation of granular sludge is directly related to the operation of the UASB reactor success. Many studies on the anaerobic granular sludge train. So far, the culti

57、vation of anaerobic granular sludge has been made a lot of useful experience. Wu Yun such as China to add to the sludge inoculated bentonite and non-ionic polyacrylamide, beer production wastewater treatment, within four weeks of formation of a stable granular sludge bed. Zheng equality on the anaer

58、obic treatment of wastewater pharmaceutical activated technology.wastewater treatment field Lettinga and his colleagues in the laboratory, the first volume of 60 L of the UASB reactor pilot study. The results show that the treatment plant handling good effect, and its organic loading rates as high a

59、s 10 KgCOD/ (m3d), then a volume of 6 m3, 30m3 and 200 m3 of semi-production pilot study on temperature conditions, the volume of 6 m3 Beet sugar processing devices wastewater COD load capacity of up to 36 Kg/ (m3d); potato processing wastewater treatment COD load of 15 Kg/ (m3d) above, the COD remo

60、val rate of 70% -90%. Subsequently, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Belgium and the United States by researchers UASB reactor for the potatoprocessing wastewater, broad beans processing wastewater,wastewater slaughtered, canned products processing wastewater, wastewater methanol, acetic acid waste

61、 water and wastewater fiberboard or small test production test, achieving better results. According to incomplete statistics, from 1990, the rest of the world has 205 production-scale UASB system operational, in 1993, this figure had risen to more than 400. So far, in Europe UASB process has been ge

62、nerally formed granular sludge. UASB technology application in China from the development since the 1980s, more and more extensive applications. From the late 1980s to deal with distillery, brewery wastewater (UASB process with a single), to the late 1990s, and the combined use of other technology,

63、such as the UASB + AF wastewater with high concentrations of polyester, PUASB pressure, such as pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. At the same time has also been successfully applied in urban sewage treatment and sewage treatment. 9. the development trend of UASB Although UASB technology applicati

64、on in China has made considerable headway, but there are still gaps with foreign standards, should be further strengthened in the UASB reactor and its ancillary equipment and engineering equipment on the exploration and practice. At the same time, in the following aspects, UASB anaerobic treatment p

65、rocess is also a new development: temperature UASB reactor operation; high-temperature anaerobic treatment; to deal with the non-accumulation or not a new granular sludge UASB reactor; treatment to contain high concentrations of toxic substances in wastewater; low concentration of anaerobic treatmen

66、t of wastewater. Anaerobic processing system with high-load, low investment and low operating costs, such as energy can be recovered some advantages, very suitable for Chinas national conditions. Along with the continuous deepening of research and development, and believe that the UASB anaerobic application process is very broad.附录二UASB厌氧处理工艺的现状与发