新视野大学英语第三版读写教程Book2Unit1教案

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1、Book 2 Unit 1 Section AUnit 1Language in missionUnderstanding and LearningOverview This unit focuses on learning English with text A talking about how grammar and vocabulary can be taught efficiently and text B how the language can be learned successfully. In other words, one is about how to teach a

2、nd the other how to learn. The writing style between the two texts is also somewhat different, the first one is more relaxed and humorous, a typical style in English discourse. The tone of the second text however is more formal and serious. When teachers familiarize students with the texts, they nee

3、d to point out their respective writing styles and also think about how to involve students in class activities from two different angles: teaching vs. learning. Meanwhile students should be encouraged to express their opinions about the current way of teaching in an English class, thereby expressin

4、g their thoughts freely. Activities can range from class discussion to peer interview and panel debate such as whether grammar is of crucial importance in learning English and how one can excel when learning that language. Students need to share their learning experience and find out more effective

5、ways to learn English grammar and vocabulary. Section A An impressive English lessonBackground information1. Learning English grammar The goal of developing learners functional competence in a second language is not a new idea. Originally, the term Grammar referred to the art of writing. As used tod

6、ay by many teachers and learners, grammar is loosely understood to be a set of rules that govern a language. Communicative language teaching has placed a renewed emphasis on the role of grammar, especially in the early stages of instruction. Viewing grammar with all of its components helps language

7、teachers and learners understand the complexity of what it means to know the grammar of a language. Clearly, the goal of language learning in a communicative classroom is for learners to acquire the grammar of the second language in its broadest sense to enable them to understand and make meaning th

8、at is, to become proficient users of the language. Research and experience have shown that explicit teaching of grammatical rules does not produce such competence. How should grammar be taught effectively? It still has remained a question to all the language teachers.Detailed study of the text1. If

9、I am the only parent who still corrects his childs English, then perhaps my son is right. To him, I am a tedious oddity: a father he is obliged to listen to and a man absorbed in the rules of grammar, which my son seems allergic to. (Para. 1)Meaning: My son is probably right if there is no other par

10、ent like me who still corrects his childs mistake in English. To my son, I am a boring and strange father, who he has to listen to ; I am also the one who pays lots of attention to grammar rules, which he doesnt seem to like.tedious: a. boring and continuing for too long 冗长乏味的Telling the story has b

11、ecome tedious, as I have done it so many times.讲述这个故事已变得单调乏味，因为我已经讲了这么多次了。oddity: n. C a strange or unusual person or thing 怪人；怪物；奇特的东西With his neat suits on, he felt like an oddity walking in this poor neighborhood. 穿着必听的西装走在这个贫民窟里，他觉得自己就像个怪物。be / feel obliged to do sth.: if you are obliged to do s

12、th., you have to do it because the situation, the law, a duty, etc. makes it necessary (因形式、法律、义务等关系而)非做不可， 迫使I think Valentines Day is a waste of time, but I still feel obliged to send my wife a card.Usage noteobligedThe word oblige is most commonly used in the expression be/feel obliged.1. be / fe

13、el obliged to do sth. 指“感到有责任做某事”He felt obliged to help his mother, even if it meant leaving college. 他觉得有责任帮助母亲，即使这意味着他要离开大学。2. be/feel obliged to sb./ sth.指“对某人或某事心存感激”Thank you very much, doctor, I am extremely obliged to you.医生，非常谢谢你。对您，我深表感谢。absorbed: a. so interested or involved in sth. that

14、you do not notice anything else 极感兴趣的；全神贯注的；专注的。Time passes quickly when you are absorbed in reading a good book. 在聚精会神地读一本好书的时候，时间过得非常快。allergic: a. 1) (be to sth.) (infml) if you are allergic to sth., you do not like it and try to avoid it.不喜欢某事，对某事反感Most men are allergic to housework.大多数男人都不喜欢做家务

15、。 2) having an allergy 过敏的I do not enjoy picnics because I am allergic to grass.我不喜欢野餐，因为我对草过敏。2. I think I got serious about this only recently when I ran into one of my former students, fresh from an excursion to Europe (para. 2 )Meaning: I think I started to pay attention to other peoples usage o

16、f grammar only lately, when I happened to meet one of my former students, who had just returned from a short journey to Europe.get/be serious about: if you are serious about sth., you really mean it and are not joking or pretending 对是认真的；并非开玩笑的When you are staying with your roommates, you cannot get

17、 too serious about privacy.你和你的室友相处的时候，不能太计较隐私。run into sb.: (infml.) meet sb. by chance 偶然遇见某人You forgot all about your cousins birthday until you suddenly ran into her today. 要不是你今天偶然遇见了你表姐，你已全然忘记了她的生日。fresh from: having just come from a particular place or experience刚从.来的；刚有经历的School principals s

18、hould not expect teachers, fresh from college, to deal with a large group of difficult children.学校的校长不应该指望刚从大学毕业的老师来应付一大群难以对付的孩子。excursion: n. C a short journey you take for pleasure短途出行；远足It was such a wonderful day that they decide to take a day excursion to the mountain. 这么好的天气，他们决定去山上一日游。3.“How

19、was it”I asked, full of earnest anticipation. (para.2)Meaning: When I asked about how her trip to Europe had been, I was expecting her response anxiously and sincerely. How was it?: (spoken) often used in conversation to ask sb. about their opinion or experience of sth. （口语常用表达， 用于询问看法或经历）Did you wa

20、tch the movie last night? How was it? 你昨天晚上看那部电影了吗?感觉怎么样?full of: (followed by abstract nouns) feeling or showing a lot of particular emotion or quality(感觉、表达或表现出)充满某种情感（特质）的full of excitement/ energy/ hope/happiness/praise充满兴奋/活力/希望/幸福/赞美The teacher was full of praise for the home work that the stu

21、dents had done.老师对学生们完成的功课赞不绝口。earnest: a. very serious and sincere 非常认真的；郑重其事的。At the office he was very earnest, but hes more relaxed now. 在办公室他很认真， 但是现在他放松多了。4. She nodded three or four times searched the heavens for the right words, and then exclaimed, it was like, whoa! (para.3)Meaning : she no

22、dded her head three or four times, tried to find the right words in her mind and then shouted with excitement it was like whoa!Meaning beyond words: Since the student was not quite sure how to exactly describe her travel experience, the tone of the author is somewhat sarcastic. The author intended t

23、o send out the message that the student was incompetent regarding the selection of her English vocabulary.search somewhere for sth.: try to find sth. in some place 在某地方搜寻某物The robber reached out and searched the back pocket of my trousers for anything valuable.那个盗贼伸手搜我裤子后面的口袋以寻找值钱的东西。Note The heaven

24、s means the sky: here search the heavens for the right words implies the studenttried hard to find suitable words to describe what she saw and experienced when traveling in Europe.Usage notesearch, search for1. search: look through 检查；搜查They searched the man in front of me from head to foot. 他们把我前面的

25、男子从头到脚搜查了一遍。2. search for: look 寻找；搜寻The customs were searching for drugs at the airport.海关人员在机场搜查毒品。exclaim: v. say sth. suddenly and loudly because of surprise, anger, or excitement （由于惊奇、气愤或激动）呼喊，惊叫Susan exclaimed horror when a young man with a gun suddenly appeared from behind her.当一名年轻男子突然持枪从苏珊

26、背后出现时，她害怕得惊叫起来。Note It was like whoa means it was really great! It was like is an informal expression in conversation, very common for young people who are lazy and incapable to reference their ideas. The expression is usually followed by an adjective or an exclamation.It was, like, marvelous! 简直奇妙极

27、了！（It was like）Whoa! How come you got a hundred 0percent correct on such a hard test?哇！这么难的考试你怎么都全答对了？Note Whoa is specifically used to show that people are surprised or think something is very impressive. It can be used in different contexts. For example:l To describe something that youre not quite

28、 sure how to describe: that car is so cool its like whoa.l To express surprise: whoa! Its really amazing!l To indicate a desire to end what someone is talking: whoa ok, thats enough.5. And that was it. (para.4)Meaning: And that was everything she said, without even mentioning any details of her wond

29、erful experience in Europe.That was it.: often used in conversation to say that sth. is completely finished or that a situation cannot be changed 就这样（指某事彻底结束或形式不能更改）That was it. I could no longer hope for a promotion, and my boss didnt even want to see me again. 就这样吧，我的升职再也没指望了，我的老板甚至不想再见到我。6. The c

30、ivilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were captured in condensed non-statement. (para.4)Meaning: The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were just described in one word rather than a complete statement because of her inability to choose appropriate words to

31、 express herselfcapture: vt.1) succeed in recording , showing , or describing a situation or feeling , using words or pictures（用文字或图片）记录下，描述，捕捉Some artists are able to catch a likeness in a sketch while others are gifted to capture a fleeting expression. 有些艺术家能画出酷似某人的肖像，而另一些则善于捕捉到稍纵即逝的表情。2）catch a p

32、erson and keep them as a prisoner俘虏；逮捕Government troops have succeeded in capturing the rebel leader.政府军已经成功捕获叛乱分子的头目。condense: vt. make sth. that is spoken or written shorter 将（讲话或文章）压缩The whole chapter could be condensed into a few paragraphs. 这一整章可以压缩成几个段落。condensed: a. being made shorter, usu. i

33、ncluding only the most important parts压缩的The council was merely given a condensed version of what had already been disclosed in Washington.该理事会得到的知识已在华盛顿披露的内容的浓缩版。7. My student “whoa” was exceeded only by my head-shaking distress. (para. 4)Meaning: My head-shaking distress at her inability to expres

34、s properly was even greater than her slang term whoa, one word, which did not make any statement to describe the civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture.Meaning beyond words: The word exceed states explicitly that the authors worry about his students language inability was much mo

35、re intense than her excitement.exceed: vt. (fml.)be more than a particular number or amount 超过；超出Youll have to pay extra money if you exceed your luggage allowance.如果你的行李超重，你必须额外付费。出；好处re than a particular number or amount chaodistress: n.U a feeling of extreme unhappiness 忧虑；苦恼；悲伤She had five years

36、 of active and happy life in the hospital before she died, without much pain or distress from cancer.她过世前在医院过了五年积极而快乐的生活，并没有因为患癌症二遭受多大的痛苦和忧伤。8. There are many different stories about the downturn in the proper use of English. (para.5)Meaning: There are a lot of different stories about why people are

37、 less skilled when using English.downturn: n. C, usu. sing. a process in which business activity, production, etc., is reduced and conditions become worse 衰退；下降The downturn in the auto industry affected the entire economy of the United States.汽车工业的衰退影响了整个美国的经济9. Surely students should be able to dis

38、tinguish between their/there/theyre on the distinctive difference between complimentary and complementary (para. 5)Meaning: Of course, students should be able to recognize and understand the differences between their/ there/theyre on the obvious difference between complimentary and complementarydist

39、inguish: recognize the differences between things 区别；辨别A formal education with emphasis on history literature and culture helps a person learn how to distinguish right from wrong着重于历史、文学和文化的正规教育能帮助一个人学习如何明辨是非。distinguish between: recognize and understand the difference between two or more things or

40、people区分；辨别The ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts and the writers opinions or interpretations.批判性阅读能力包括区分什么是事实，什么事作者自己的看法或解释能力。distinctive: a. easy to recognize because of being different from other people or things of the same type与众不同的；特殊的；特别的The di

41、stinctive design of a product provides a powerful competitive advantage over other products. 一个独特的产品设计具有比其他产品更强有力的竞争优势。Usage Notedistinguished, distinctive, distinct这三个词词形相近，但意思有很大的差别，不能互换使用1. distinguished 指 ”卓越的；杰出的；著名的”。His grandfather had been a distinguished university professor.他的曾祖父曾是一位杰出的大学教

42、授。2. distinctive 指 ”(特征、性格或外表)独特的，有明显不同的”。强调 ”表示差别的”、 ”有特色的”、 ”特殊的”Irene had a very distinctive voice.艾琳有一个非常独特的声音。3. distinct 表明 ”分明的、明了的、清楚的”I have the distinct feeling that my friend did not realize what was happening.我明显感到我朋友并未察觉所发生的一切。 distinct的另一个词义是 ”明显不同的；有区别的”Our interests were quite distin

43、ct from those of them.我们的兴趣与他们的截然不同。现将distinct he distinctive 用在一个句子里面，以便区分One of the distinctive features of this book is its distinct illustrations这本书很明显的特色一直就是其有着清楚明了的图解。complimentary: a.1) given free to people 免费赠送的All guests will receive a complimentary bottle of champagne. 所有客人都将得到一瓶免费的香槟。2）sa

44、ying that you admire sb. or sth. 赞美的；钦佩的Mrs. Stevens was most complimentary about your work.史蒂文斯夫人称赞你的工作。complementary: a. complementary things go well together although they are usu. different 互为补充的；互补的The economies of the two countries are complementary to one another in nature.两国经济具有互补性。10. They

45、unfairly bear the bulk of the criticism for these knowledge deficits because there is a sense that they should know better. (para. 5)Meaning: Just because they are assumed to learn better, students unfairly become the main target of the criticism for their insufficient knowledge.bulk: n. U (the of s

46、th.) the majority or largest part of sth. (某物的) 大部分，多半Because the bulk of the work was supervised by the owner，the overall cost is difficult to assess.大部分的工作是由业主监督，总体成本很难去评估。deficit: n. C1) a lack of a quality, skill, or ability that you should have （素质、技能或能力的）缺乏、不足 knowledge/language/sleep deficit

47、知识、语言、睡眠的缺乏2) the amount by which sth. is less than you need or should have 赤字；亏损；逆差 Owing to the heavy deficit, the company is apparently on the verge of bankruptcy.由于巨额亏损，该公司很明显已到了破产的边缘。Note The word deficit is mainly used in the second meaning (赤字；亏损；逆差)11. Students are not dumb, but they are bei

48、ng misled everywhere they look and listen.（para. 6)Meaning: Students are not stupid however, they mistakenly learn whatever they see and hear in their language environment.Note Here, “they are being misled” is used for emphasis, emphasizing an on-going situation of“being misled”.dumb: a. (infml.) st

49、upid 愚蠢的The questions were set up just to make her look dumb.问题这么设计就是为了让她出丑。12. For example signs in grocery stores point them to the stationary, even though the actual stationery - pads, albums and notebooks - are not items nailed down. (para. 6)Meaning: For example , signs of merchandise in grocer

50、y stores lead students to the “stationary” department selling stationery like pads =, albums and notebooks. However, these displayed stationery items are movable but not nailed down.Meaning beyond words: Taking the wrong spelled signs in grocery stores as an example, the author argues that it is not

51、 students fault. The verb phrase nail down is cleverly used to describe the funny situation: movable “stationery” items are under the sign of unmovable stationary distinct spelling mistake between the two words.stationary: a. standing still instead of moving不（移）动的；静止的Stationary cars in traffic jams

52、caused a great deal of pollution.交通堵塞中静止不动的汽车产生了大量污染。stationery: n.U materials used for writing, such as paper, pens pencils, etc. 文具We regret that we are unable to accept telephone orders for personal stationery items.很遗憾，我们不能接受个人文具用品的电话订购。nail sth. down:1) fasten sth. to sth. else with nails 钉；将某物

53、钉牢 Will you nail down that loose board in the floor? 请把那块松动的地板钉牢好吗？2）（infml.）reach a final and definite agreement or decision about sth. Two days isnt enough to nail down the details of an agreement.要把协议的所有细节都确定下来，两天的时间是不够的。13. Friends and loved ones often proclaim theyve just ate when, in fact, the

54、yre just eaten ( para . 6 )Meaning: Friends and loved ones often make mistakes when speaking English. For example, they say publicly theyre just ate but actually they should say theyre just eaten.proclaim: vt. (fml.) say publicly or officially that sth. important is true or exists 宣称；宣布；声明Britain pr

55、oudly proclaims that it is a nation of animal lovers.英国自豪的宣称自己是一个爱护动物的国家。Usage Noteproclaim, claim1. proclaim是正式宣告或公开宣告，“宣告”的中文意思比“声明”要严肃。The government has proclaimed a new law.政府公布了一箱新法令。2. claim是根据权力声明，根据权利要去索赔，根据权利认领；1） 声称；断言；主张；They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的

56、方法。2） 要求；索赔The old man claimed the land.老人要求得到这块土地。14. Therefore, it doesnt make any sense to criticize our students (para. 6)Meaning: So, theres no good reason to criticize our students. Which is unfair to them.15. Blame for the scandal of this language deficit should be thrust upon our schools, wh

57、ich should be setting high standards of English language proficiency. (para. 7)Meaning: Our schools should be blamed for the shocking evidence of students insufficient language skills. Its their responsibility to establish high standards of English language abilities.scandal: n. 1) sing. a situation

58、 that shocks you and makes you angry, esp. one that you think sb. in authority should change （尤指当局本应改变的）令人震惊的事，引起愤慨的事 It is a scandal that a person can be stopped by the police for no reason. 警察竟可以毫无理由地拦人，这很令人震惊。 2) C an event in which sb., esp. sb. important, behaves in a bad way that shocks people

59、 (尤指牵涉知名人士的) 丑闻，丑事 The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.那位官员卷入了一桩丑闻，几个星期后被迫辞职。thrust sth. upon/on sb.: (usu. passive) force sb. to do or accept sth.迫使某人做某事；迫使某人接受某事She never enjoyed the fame that was thrust on her.对于强加给她的名声，她从未感到开心过。proficiency：n. U a good stan

60、dard of ability and skill 熟练；精通Evidence of basic proficiency in English is part of the admission requirements.具备基本的英语技能是入学要求的一部分。16. Instead they only teach a little grammar and even less advanced vocabulary. (para. 7)Meaning: contrary to what the schools should do they only teach a minimum amount o

61、f grammar and far from enough advanced vocabulary.17. Moreover, the younger teachers themselves evidently have little knowledge of these vital structures of language because they also went without exposure to them. (para. 7)Meaning: In addition, the young teachers obviously know little about these i

62、mportant structures of language since they also didnt have the chance to deal with them in their prior learning experiences.moreover: ad. (fml.) in addition-used to introduce information that adds to or supports what has previously been said 而且；再者；此外Moreover, they become more concerned about their h

63、ealth as they grow older. 此外，随着年龄的增长，他们更加关注自己的健康。Usage Notemoreover, however, consequently, also, etc.Moreover在剧中用作连接副词，用于表示补充或增加信息，类似的连接副词还有therefore, however, also, furthermore等，因果、转折、递进等。这类词可以位于拒收，也可以位于句中。She saw that there was indeed a man immediately behind her. Moreover, he was observing her strangely. 她看到确实又一个人紧跟在她身后。并且，他还在怪异地观察着她。The harmful effect of the dry weather on wild flowers, however, has been enormous.可是，干燥的天气对野生花卉的有害影响是巨大的。He has seen the situation before and has consequently developed a feeling for what will happen next. 他以前见过此情形，所以知道接下来会发生什么。His f