高一英语上册语法复习课件-定语从句.ppt

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1、TheAttributiveClause,定语从句,1.定义：,2.先行词：,3.关系代词、关系副词：,在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。,引导定语从句的词,关系代词：,关系副词：,Who,whom,whose,which,that等,When,where,why等,关系代词和关系副词的作用：,1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用,Eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill

2、,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.,关系代词的用法,人；物,物,人,人,人、物,主语；宾语,主语；宾语,主语；宾语,宾语,定语,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,可省,不可省,关系副词的用法,时间,状语,否,地点,状语,否,原因,状语,否,判断下列引导词在句中的用法,Eg:1.Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie.2.Heisthemodelworkerwhom/whoweshouldlearnfrom.3.Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsoft

3、hewords.4.ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest.5.Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends.,指代、所作成分、是否可省略,6.Thehousewhoseroofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.7.Itwas11oclockwhentheaccidenthappenedlastnight.8.ThisisthevillagewhereIwasbroughtup.,关系代词which和that的区别：,A.关系代词必须用that的情形：,Thisisthebest

4、filmthatIhaveeverseen.Thefirstmanarrivedattheclasswasourheadteacher.ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.ThisistheverybookthatImlookingfor.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepol

5、icestation.,Summarize:只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况,1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。,2）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。,3)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.,4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。,5）先行词既有人又有物时。,B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用which,Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwevehadsomuchdiscussi

6、on.,Practice:,1.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_hesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.(1992)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom3.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.(1993上海)A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich,B,D,A,Correctthefollowingse

7、ntences:,1.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen.2.Thatsallwhichwanttosay.,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.,ThatsallthatIwanttosay.,3.Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?4.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbookswhich/whowereunknowntousall.5.Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.,Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop?

8、,Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.,Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone.,关系副词when,where,why的用法,1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?,Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?,2.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.,Thisisthefactoryin

9、whichmyfatheronceworked.,3.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.,Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslate.,Summarize:,在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which，在从句中作状语,When=in/at/on/+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for/+which,Practice:,1.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.(1999)-Isthatthereason_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.wh

10、atD.where2.Imgoingtovisittheschool_mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where,A,A,C,关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which主要看：从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词，若意

11、思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。请比较以下句子：Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.(从句意思不完整需要加宾语)Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.（从句完整，只需加上特定的关系副词）Thatsthedatethatshewontforgetforever.Thatsthedatewhenwewenttothecollege.Ilikethetimethatwehadtogether.Ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether.,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,定义：限制性定语从句是先行词不可

12、缺少的修饰成分，否则主句的意思不完整或不成立。非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后主句的意思照样完整。,Comparethefollowingsentences:,Amanwhodoesnottrytolearnfromotherscantachievemuch.Thereremanyplays(that)Idliketosee.ThisnotewasleftbyXiaoWu,whowasjusthere.,YesterdayMrBrownpaidavisittoHangzhou,whichisfamousforitsWestLake.Theyhaveinvitedmetov

13、isittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.,Summarize:,1.限制性定语从句常和先行词紧密相连；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开。,2.非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。,3.非限制性定语从句有时可以用来修饰整个句子。,*关系代词和人称代词/指示代词的选择Hehasthreesons,noneof_isadoctor.Hehasthreesons,butnoneof_isadoctor.Hehasthreesons,_aredoctors.Hehasthreesons;_aredoctors.A.whomB.themC.theyD.who

14、,A,D,B,C,Practice:,1._isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(2001)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What2.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.(1998)A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis3.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmer

15、s,_hasagreateffectonmylife.(1994上海)A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who,B,A,B,Correctmistakesforthefollowingsentences.1.Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.2.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.3.Whoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant?4.Sheisoneof

16、thegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths.5.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball.6.Whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow?7.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.8.Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.,whom,whose,that,are,likes,去掉her,去掉it,who,主动表示被动：,某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look,smell,taste,fee

17、l,prove,wear,sound等Theflowersmellssweet.Thedishtastesdelicious.Theclothfeelsverysoft.Thestoneshavewornsmooth.,2.某些及物动词后加副词（有些可不加副词）表示事物固有的属性或特征,也可以表示被动意义，如wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,lock,peel,pack,play,shut,spot,split,strike,record,act,clean,draw,iron,keep,photograph等Thistypeofrecordersellswell.T

18、hatkindofshirtwashesverywell.Ripeapplespeeleasily.Theplayswontact.Nylondriesquickly.,6)Thenovelreadswell.7)Thedooropenswithdifficulty.8)Thewoodwontburn.9)Waterheatsrapidly.10)Thiskindofshirtcleanseasily.11)Hercoatcaughtinthedoor/onthenail.,比较：1.Theboxdoesntlock.这个箱子锁不上。（箱子本身的性质）2.Theboxwasnotlocked.

19、这个箱子没有上锁。（箱子当时的状态）3.Thetheoryprovedtobecorrect.那个理论证明是正确的。（含有自身证明的特征）4.Thetheorywasprovedtobecorrect.那个理论被证明是正确的。（被人证明）,3.want,need,require,和beworth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。Thebookisworthreading.Thecoatrequiresmending.Thechildrenneedslookingafter.Thetablewantscleaning.,那是不堪想象的。,这规则需要下点功夫才能学会。,某些作表语(expensive,cheap,difficult,fit,hard,light,heavy,easy,的形容词后，用不定式形式表示被动意义。,Theboxistooheavytolift.Sheiseasytoapproach.Thefishisnotfittoeat.Heishardtoplease.Thepassageisdifficulttoread.Thejewelistooexpensivetobuy.,Therearealotofworktodo/tobedone.Therearealotofworkforustodo.,