被动语态课件84198

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1、A dog bit the little boy.The little boy was bitten by a dog.(主动语态)(被动语态)A dog bit the little boy.The little boy was bitten by a dog.We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.(主动语态)(主动语态)(被动语态)(被动语态)被动语态的结构：被动语态的结构：be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词动词的被动语态由“助动词bebe+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动

2、句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词byby 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。A dog bit the little boy.The little boy was bitten by a dog.语态语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果）；如果主语是动作的承受

3、者，动词便用被动语态主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。）。We clean the classroom every day.我们每天打扫教室。我们每天打扫教室。The classroom is cleaned by us every day.教室每天被我们打扫。教室每天被我们打扫。一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are doneam/is/are done一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were donewas/were done现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are being doneam/is/are being done过去进行时：过去进行时：

4、was/were being donewas/were being done现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has been donehave/has been done过去完成时：过去完成时：had been donehad been done一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will be done;be going shall/will be done;be going to be doneto be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can/must can/must/have tobe done/have tobe doneThis boo

5、k was written in 1969.这本书是这本书是1969年写成的。年写成的。The broken bike is being repaired now.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The pen has been used for several years.这支钢笔已经用了几年。这支钢笔已经用了几年。He said the factory had been opened.他说这

6、家工厂已经开张。他说这家工厂已经开张。The work will be finished in three hours.工作将于三小时后完成。工作将于三小时后完成。The baby must be looked after well.这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。He is called Tom.人们叫他人们叫他Tom。各个时态的被动语态：各个时态的被动语态：在被动句中有时用在被动句中有时用by词组，有时不用。一词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了。但

7、有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用则必须使用 by 词组。例如：词组。例如：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。是莎士比亚写的。The pen has been used for several years.这支钢笔已经用了几年。这支钢笔已经用了几年。People speak English almost all over the world.世界各地都有人讲英语。世界各地都有人讲英语。English is spoken almost all over the wor

8、ld.1 1含有单宾语的主动句的转换：含有单宾语的主动句的转换：主动句与被动句的转换主动句与被动句的转换:口诀口诀1：宾提前变主，主置后宾提前变主，主置后by宾，被动宾，被动be+done,时态看主动。时态看主动。He taught chemistry in our school two years ago.两年前他在我们学校教化学。两年前他在我们学校教化学。Chemistry was taught by him in our school two years ago.2.2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换：含有双宾语的主动句的转换：I gave the book to Mr.Smith yeste

9、rday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。The book was given to Mr.Smith yesterday(by me).Mr.Smith was given a book yesterday(by me).口诀口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加间宾前加 to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)Miss Wu often lend us physics books.吴小姐常借我们物理书。吴小姐常借我们物理书。We are often lent physic

10、s books by Miss Wu.Physics books are often lent for us by Miss Wu.3.3.含有介词的动词短语的主动句的转换含有介词的动词短语的主动句的转换:They have never listened to him.人家从不听他的话。He has never been listened to.You should take good care of your little sister.你应该好好照顾你的小妹妹。你应该好好照顾你的小妹妹。Your little sister should be taken good care of(by y

11、ou).注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。不可把它们分隔开来。口诀口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中离开，被动句中to回来。回来。（feel;listen to,hear;let,have,make;look at,see,watch,notice;help)He made me do the work.I was made to do the work by him.4.4.主动句变为被动句中加上主动句变为被动句中加上toto：toI heard three monke

12、ys escape from the zoo.我听说三只猴子从动物园逃走了。我听说三只猴子从动物园逃走了。Three monkeys were heard to escape from the zoo(by me).to有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。一、表示一、表示“开始开始”；“结束结束”类的动词。常见的这类类的动词。常见的这类动词有动词有begin,start,open,close,end,finish,stop等。例如：等。例如：School begins in September.The stores in this area

13、open later at weekends than at weekdays.5.表示被动意义的主动句：表示被动意义的主动句：The machine runs well.This pen writes quite smoothly.The bookshelf hardly sells.二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有的动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run,lock等。这些动词常等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：与副词或否定词连用。例如：三、表示主语状态特征的连系动

14、词：三、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等。等。例如：例如：Do you like the material?Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is feltYour idea sounds reasonable.What he said proved to be correct.CCotton feels soft.四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义 1.在在need,require,want(需要需要)等动词后，等动词后，表示

15、某物表示某物(人人)要进行要进行处理时，后接动名处理时，后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。例如：相当于不定式的被动式。例如：Youve come just in time to help us.Fine,what requires doing?(=Fine,what requires to be done?)2.be worth doing(值得做值得做)主动式表示被动意义。主动式表示被动意义。His suggestion is not worth considering.Your English needs _.A.an

16、 improvement B.improve C.improving D.improvedCneed doing=need to be donewant doing=want to be donerequire doing=require to be done他的建议不值得考虑。他的建议不值得考虑。Drills：A:1.This bike is made in America.Its_for travelling.A.use B.using C.to use D.used2.A big power station()_in my home town now.A.has been built B

17、.is being built C.has built D.is building.3.Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.used D.are used4.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spokenDBDD5.Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was

18、 lain C.lied D.has lain7.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care B.must be take good care ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_From the east.A.has risenB.rise C.rises D.is risen BADC1.The key _for locking

19、 the classroom door.A.uses B.is used C.is using D.use 2.A new school _over there in two years.A.may built B.may be built C.is built 3.He was made _yesterday.A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried4.The PRC_on October 1,1949.A.was found B.is found C.was founded D.is founded 5.A talk on Chinese history_

20、in the school hall next week.A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.will giveBBBCCDrills:B:6.Silk _ in Suzhou and Hangzhou.A.is produced B.are produced C.produced D.is produces 7.The dress made of silk _soft.A.Is felt B.felt C.feels D.is feeling8.Ripe apples _ easily.A.pick B.are picked C.pic

21、ked D.is picked9.The things on show were _ the old days.A.used B.used to C.used for D.used in10.My brother and I have _her birthday party.A.been invited B.been invited for C.invited to D.been invited to ACADD当主动句的宾语是当主动句的宾语是thatthat引导的宾语从句时，引导的宾语从句时，应该如何变化呢？应该如何变化呢？People believe that he is an honest boy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。