八种句子成分(共4页)

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1、句子成分一 定义定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分主要成分主语和谓语次要成分宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语二 八种成分的用法【主语】主语定义主语是一个句子所叙述的主体.主语位置一般位于句首.但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语为疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面哪些词可以作主语名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,名词化的形容词,短语,句子The village is very beautiful.（名词）Who is speaking,please?（电话中问对方是谁）（代词）Two will be enough.（数词）To translate this id

2、eal into reality needs hard work.（不定式）Skating is good exercise.（动名词）The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.（名词化的形容词）How to do well is an important question.（短语）What has happened proves that our policy is right.（句子）【谓语】谓语定义谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语谓语位置一般放在主语之后.谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个

3、动词或动词短语构成.如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成.如：We are students.【宾语】宾语定义宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者宾语位置一般位于及物动词和介词后面哪些词可以作宾语名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,不定式,动名词,动名词短语,句子She is doing her homework now.（名词）I like it very m

4、uch.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He likes to play basketball.（不定式）I like swimming.（动名词）We enjoy listening to the music.（动名词短语）He told me that he was a teacher before.（句子）宾语种类（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）例如：Lend me your dictiona

5、ry, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）例如：They elected him their monitor.【定语】定语定义修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语定语位置被修饰的词前或后哪些词可以作定语名词,代词,名词或代词所有格,数词,形容词（限观形龄色国材）,分词,动名词,不定式,介词短语,句子可以作定语.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our sc

6、hool.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）His son needs Toms pen.（代词和名词所有格）Two boys need two pens.（数词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）Th

7、e boy who is tall is my brother.（句子）【状语】状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语状语位置句首,句中,句尾哪些词可以作状语名词,数词,形容词,副词,副词性词组,介词短语,不定式,分词,句子.Wait a minute.（名词）Ive done it hundreds of times.（数词）I got home,tired and thirsty.（形容词）Light travels most quickly.（副词）Generally speaking,when taken according to the dire

8、ctions,the medicine has no side effect.（副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）They came out of the classroom,talking and laughing.（现在分词）Mr Black came back drunk that night.（过去分词）Once you begin, you must continue

9、.（句子）状语种类时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,条件状语,方式状语,比较状语,让步状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）

10、She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）【宾语补足语】宾语补足语定义英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整.这种宾语补语

11、就是宾语补足语.宾语补足语位置带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）哪些词可以作宾语宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和句子充当His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）I had my bike repaired yesterday.

12、（过去分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（句子）【表语】表语定义表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态表语位置它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后.哪些词可以作表语表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及句子表示Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）

13、The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）【同位语】定义一个名词

14、（其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,这个词（或其它形式）就是同位语位置同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起充当同位语的词名词,动名词,不定式,形容词,名词短语，动名词短语，不定式短语，介词短语，形容词短语直接引语,句子Mr wang,my childs teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.（名词）I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.（名词短语）He enjoys the exercise,swimming in w

15、inter.（动名词）Asking him to join us,thats a good ides.（动名词短语）Their aspiration,to become free and independent,is deserving of every kind of help from us.（不定式）The question what to do next hasnt been considered.（不定式短语）As the head of the company,he had to explain what had happened.（介词短语）He,short and thin,i

16、s unfit for the job.（形容词）All the countries,big or small,are equal.（形容词短语）But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”（直接引语）The girl were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.（句子）【大展身手】1. _ will leave for Beijin g. A. Now there t

17、he man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter5. T

18、he actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest. A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked10.I will never forget the day _I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. WhereKeys：1-5 CBDBB 6-10 ACBAB