清华大学2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解

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1、清华大学2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解Part Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section OneDirections: In this section you will hear some people talking about how their parents met each other and got married. Each of the conversations is followed by an interview with one of their parents about his or her marria

2、ge. Listen to the recording and answer the questions below with what you hear. You should use a short sentence or a phrase for each answer. You will hear the recording only once.1How did Craigs parents meet each other?2What was his fathers first impression of his mother?What does he think now?He sti

3、ll thinks so.3How did Daves parents meet each other?4What was his mothers first impression of his father?5What does she think now?6How did Saras parents meet each other?7What was her fathers first impression of her mother?What does he think now?He still thinks so.8How did Lisas parents meet each oth

4、er?9What was her mothers first impression of her father?10What does she think now?Section TwoDirections. In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes below about the lecture. You will hear the recording only once.Lecture NotesLecture field/area:11_Lec

5、ture Topic/Theme: MemoryThree types of memory:12_13_14_Three ways of measuring memory:15_16_17_Three Techniques for remembering information:18_19_20_Part Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences or sentences with underlined words in this part. For each sentence there are f

6、our choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word. And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.21Ploughs and other agricultural implements were on display at the rec

7、ent exhibition.Aequations Bplaythings Ctools Dmachinery22My own inclination, if I were in your situation, would be to look for another position.Asymptom Blikeness Chabit Dtendency23The combination of lenses in a compound microscope makes possible greater amplification than can be achieved with a sin

8、gle lens.Amanagement Bmagnificence Cmagnetism Dmagnification24The degree of downward slope of a beach depends on its composition of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface.Asentiment Bsediment Csemester Dsegment25The rigor of the winter in Russia was often described by Mogol.Ah

9、arshness Bperturbation Cdismay Dpessimism26Nowadays, the prescribed roles of the man as “breadwinner” and the woman as housewife are changing.Aascribed Bprevalent Coriginal Dsettled27A divorcee, Tom is the sole provider in a typical “single parent” family.Areligious Bspiritual Cexclusive Dchief28The

10、 old woman is chronically ill in bed and seldom goes out.Aseriously Bdangerously Ccontinually Dincurably29The driver stopped his car so abruptly that he was hit by the cab right behind him.Aimpolitely Bviolently Csuddenly Dmaladroitly30Benin Mayer Alcott based the principal characters of her book Li

11、ttle Women on her sisters and herself.Aoriginal Bcentral Csubjunctive Doriental31Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works _.Aindustrially Bindustriously Cconsciously Dpurposefully32I dont think its sensible of you to _ your greater kno

12、wledge in front of the chairwoman, for it may well offend her.Ashow up Bshow off Cshow out Dshow away33_, he did become annoyed with her at times.AMuch as he liked her BAs he liked her muchCAlthough much he liked her DMuch although he liked her34If we dont stop flirting with those deathly nuclear we

13、apons, the whole globe will _.Aempowered Bpunished Cpolluted Dannihilated35One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to _ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.Ainvent Bstimulate Crenovate Dadvocate36When in his rebellious years, that is when he w

14、as sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson _ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.Atook to Btook up Ctook on Dtook in37In spite of the wide range of reading material specially designed or _ for language learning purposes, there is yet no effective and systematic program fo

15、r the reading skills.Aappointed Bassembled Cacknowledged Dadapted38In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe _ Europe into a bloody war.Aimposed Bplunged Cpitched Dinserted39The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was

16、 optimistic. They expect increased tax _.Aprivileges Befficiency Crevenues Dvalidity40The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in _ again next spring.Aconvention Bconference Csession DassemblyPart Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directio

17、ns: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneQuestions 41 to

18、 45 are based on the following passage:On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder (胆囊)removed by surgeons operating, via computer from New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4,000 miles away from their patient

19、.In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgica

20、l system, designed by Computer Motion Inc., that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained normal activity the following week.The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overc

21、ome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the surgeons movements in New York and the return video (from Strasbourg) on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding dec

22、oding and signal transmission time.France Telecoms engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. “I felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room,” says Marescaux.The successful collaboration (合作)among medicine, advanced technology, and telecommunications i

23、s likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distance procedures. The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgica

24、l techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms around the world.Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure as the beginning of a “third revolution

25、” in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that the abdomen (腹部)and thorax (胸腔)do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where compl

26、icated software algorithms (计算法)enhance the safety of the surgeons movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance between the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distancecurrently several meters in the operating roomco

27、uld potentially be up to several thousand kilometers.41The title that best expresses the main idea is _.AHow The Second Revolution in Surgery Comes OutBThe Telesurgery RevolutionCA Patient Was SavedDDream Comes True42The italicized word “telesurgery” (Para. 1, Sentence 2) can be best explained as _.

28、Aan operation done over a distanceBan operation done on televisionCan operation demanding special skillDan operation demanding high technology43How long did it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation?A24 hours B48 hoursCabout a week Dalmost a month44What is the major barri

29、er to telesurgery?Adistance Badvanced technologyCdelay Dmedical facilities45The writer implies that _.Adifficult operation can be successfully performed all over the world nowBcompared to the “third revolution” in surgery, the first two are less importantCall patients can be cured by a gall bladder-

30、removal operationDa new breakthrough has been made in surgeryPassage TwoQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:The multi-billion-dollar western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrisome

31、 development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence (显著) ,” said the UNs 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter f

32、or young people of most cultures. “Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana (大麻) or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a persons lifestyle,” the study says.Surprisingly

33、, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). “Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of recreational drug use,” it note

34、s. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie starsincluding Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbshave died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promot

35、ing drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household,” the study says.The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issuesespecially the use of marijuana an

36、d issues of liberalization and legalizationwhich encourages, rather than prevents, drug abuse. “Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,” says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure groups run political campai

37、gns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,” he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.The present study, focuses on the issue of deman

38、d reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.46Which of the following stat

39、ements does the author tend to agree with?AThe use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a persons lifestyle.BThe spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond country boundaries.CNo efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.DThe governments

40、have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture.47The italicized phrase “under fire” (Para. 1, Sentence 1) means _.Ain an urgent situationBfacing some problemsCbeing criticizedDquite popular48Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the

41、death of some pop stars caused by overdose?AThey tend to mourn the pop stars as role models.BThey are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs.CThey try to confront the deadly effect of “recreational” drug use.DThey may stop abusing the drugs.49Which of the following is not mentioned in the pa

42、ssage as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse?AThe spreading of pop music.BThe media.CPolitical campaigns run by powerful pressure groups.DThe low price of some drugs.50The pop music _.Ahas a great influence on young people of most cult

43、uresBonly appeals to a small number of young peopleCis not a profitable industryDis the only culprit (罪魁祸首) responsible for drug amusePassage ThreeQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across th

44、e largest and northern most state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely operate.The steel pipe cresses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves t

45、hrough crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.Resting on H-shaped steel ra

46、cks called “bents”, long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipelines up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of th

47、e arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain

48、and the properties of the soil.One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $ 8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed

49、a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor d

50、isagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagements, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.51The passage primarily discusses the pipelines _.Aoperating costs BemployeesCconsumers Dconstruction52The word “it” (Para. 1, Sentence 3) refers to _.Apipel

51、ine BoceanCstate Dvillage53The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipelines route EXCEPT the _.AclimateBlay of the land itselfClocal vegetationDkind of soil and rock54How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?A3 B4 C8 D1255Which of the followi

52、ng determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay?AHow much oil field land each company owned.BHow long each company had owned land in the oil fields.CHow many people worked for each company.DHow many oil wells were located on the companys land.Passage F

53、ourQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Margherita is a London girl and arriving at Capital was like coming home. “I grew up listening to Capital Radio,” she says, “People say, Wasnt it frightening, joining such well-known presenters? But everyone here is so down to earth. It would

54、be off-putting if the others had people doing their make-up, or star sings on their office doors. But theres none of thatMick Brown, for instance, finishes his show and wanders off to get the bus home with everyone else.”Margherita says that her own musical tastes varied. But she doesnt pick her own

55、 music for her shows. The Capital computer selects the records in advance from a list approved by the station managers. “The station has a certain sound, and if we all picked our own music, it wouldnt sound like Capital,” she says, “But for someone who likes music, this is a dream job. I get to go t

56、o concerts and meet the bands you can hear on my show. Its great to hear the behind the scenes gossip.”Most people would expect that a presenters most important qualities are a nice voice and huge amounts of confidence, but Margherita say that basic maths is handy as well. “You have to make sure tha

57、t youve got an eye on everything thats going on in the studio, but youve got to be able to add and subtract and think in minutes and seconds,” she says, “Youre dealing with timed records, and with announcements and commercials that are also timed precisely, and you have to be ready to switch to the

58、news at exactly the right second. If youre going over to a live event, you need to be ready, for that on time, not a second earlier or later.”This isnt the sort of girl to let the rock n roll lifestyle go to her head. Even if she did her family would bring her down to earth. “When I started at Capit

59、al the only thing my brothers asked was whether theyd get free records,” she remembers, “And my mum couldnt even find the station on her radio.”Margherita Taylor is very nice and very easy-going, but very much in control. She is so much a “Capital Radio girl” that you might think she is just doing a

60、 good job for the stations publicity, department, although you know what shes saying really comes from the heart. She smiles a lot, laughs a lot and is generally a great advert for Capital.56What does “that” (Para. 1, Sentence 5) refer to?AThe fame of the other presenters.BMargheritas fear of the ot

61、her staff.CSelf-important behaviour by the other presenters.DBad treatment of Margherita by the other staff.57One point Margherita makes about her job is that _.Ashe has changed her attitude to musicBshe is unhappy that records she plays are chosen for herCshe likes most of the music that she plays on her showDshe enjoys talking to the people whose records she plays58What does Margherita