被动语态 (2)

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1、 被动语态的构成形式被动语态的构成形式 1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动被动语态由语态由be过去分词构成，过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变随时态的变化而变化。以化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are+done(过去分词过去分词)一般现在时一般现在时 例例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）has/have been done 现在完成时现在完成时 例例All the preparat

2、ions for the task have been completed,and were ready to start.3）am/is/are being done 现在进行时现在进行时 例例A new cinema is being built here 4）was/were done 一般过去时一般过去时 例例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）had been done 过去完成时过去完成时 例例 By the end of last year,another new gymnas

3、ium had been completed in Beijing.6）was/were being done 过去进行时过去进行时 例例A meeting was being held when I was there.7）shall/will be done 一般将来时一般将来时 例例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）should/would be done 过去将来时过去将来时 例例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived

4、.9)shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）将来完成时（少用）例例The project will have been completed before July.10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成过去将来完成时（少用）时（少用）例例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词词be过去分词。过去分词。例例The

5、 baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。的是间接宾语。例例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)

6、当当“动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”结构变为被动结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。不动。例例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结

7、构时，要加要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如如“动词介词动词介词”，“动词副词动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。介词或副词也不能省略。例例The meeting is to be put off till

8、Friday.二、二、如何使用被动语态如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。用被动语态。1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者出动作的执行者(这时可省这时可省 by 短语短语)。例例 My bike was stolen last night.2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should

9、accept the offer.3.为了更好地安排句子。为了更好地安排句子。例例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）（一个主语就够了）三、三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型从句及其他类似句型 一些表示一些表示“据说据说”或或“相信相信”的动词如的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型等可以用于句型“Itbe过去过去分词分词that从句从句”或或“主语主语be过

10、去分词过去分词to do sth.”。有：。有：It is said that 据说据说,It is reported that据报道，据报道，It is believed that大家相信，大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。据建议。例例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（The boy is said to have passed the national exam.）