Unit4TheProfessorandtheYoYo

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1、Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo. Background Information1) Albert EinsteinGerman-born American Physicist and Nobel Laureate18791955“Imagination is more important than knowledge. ” Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein, whose Special Theory of Relativity and General Theory of Relativity revolutionized sci

2、entific perceptions of the universe, is acknowledged, along with Newton, as one of historys greatest physicists.Son of free-thinking, cultured Jews, Einstein was unable to speak until he was three and displayed no special promise. Anti-Semitism also hampered his talent when it began to emerge. He be

3、came a Swiss citizen in 1901, obtaining a doctorate from the University of Bern in 1905. His research, which ended in the famous equation E=mc2, was published in the same year. After World War I, Einsteins fame extended beyond the scientific community and in 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for p

4、hysics. During the 1920s he regarded the rise of the Nazis in Germany with horror, eventually emigrating to the U.S. where, in 1933, he took up a post at Princeton University. In 1939 his early warnings of German scientific attempts to make an atomic bomb prompted the start of the Manhattan Project.

5、2) Einstein explains the equivalence of energy and matter “It followed from the Special Theory of Relativity that mass and energy are both but different manifestations of the same thing a somewhat unfamiliar conception for the average mind. Furthermore, the equation E is equal to mc squared, in whic

6、h energy is put equal to mass, multiplied by the square of the velocity of light, showed that very small amounts of mass may be converted into a very large amount of energy and vice versa. The mass and energy were in fact equivalent, according to the formula mentioned before. This was demonstrated b

7、y Cockcroft and Walton in 1932, experimentally.” When Hitler came to power, Einstein immediately decided to leave Germany for the United States. He took a position at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, New Jersey. In 1939 Einstein collaborated with several other physicists in writing a l

8、etter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, pointing out the possibility of making an atomic bomb and the likelihood that the German government was embarking on such a course. The letter, which bore only Einsteins signature, helped lend urgency to efforts in the U.S. to build the atomic bomb, but Eins

9、tein himself played no role in the work and knew nothing about it at the time. After 1919, Einstein became internationally renowned. He accrued honors and awards, including the Nobel Prize in physics in 1921, from various world was active in scientific societies. His visit to any part of the world b

10、ecame a national event; photographers and reporters followed him everywhere. After the war, Einstein the cause of international disarmament and world government but declined the offer made by leaders of the state of Israel to become president of that country. In the U.S. during the late 1940s and ea

11、rly 1950s he spoke out on the need for the nations intellectuals to make any sacrifice necessary to preserve political freedom. Einstein died in Princeton on April 18, 1955.3) The Yo-Yo The Yo-Yo is a simple toy consisting of a grooved double disk with a string about the center. The player holds the

12、 end of the string which unwinds itself as the disk is dropped. Then by a slight jerk on the string, the player causes it to rewind itself, and to reel up back to the hand. The toy is said to have originated in the Philippines. Since 1930 it has become a popular toy and even today children in differ

13、ent countries play the Yo-Yo and compete in various contests.4) The Nobel PrizeNobel Prizes are annual monetary awards granted to individuals or institutions for outstanding contributions in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, international peace, and economic scien

14、ces. The Nobel Prizes are internationally recognized as the most prestigious awards in each of these fields. The prizes were established by Swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel, who set up a fund for them in his will. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded on December 10, 1901, the

15、fifth anniversary of Nobels death.5) Woolworths Frank Winfield Woolworth (18521919), an American merchant, was born in Rodman, New York. He established in 1879 a five-cent store at Utica, New York, which failed, and the same year he started a successful five-and-ten-cent store at Lancaster, Pennsylv

16、ania. Woolworth opened many others and soon extended business throughout the United States and to several foreign countries. In 1911 the F. W. Woolworth Company was incorporated with ownership of over 1,000 five-and-tens, and he became director of various financial firms. (The last Woolworth stores

17、were closed in 1998.) Woolworth had the Woolworth Building erected in New York City in 1913, the highest building in the world (792 ft / 241.4 m) at that time.II. Warm-up questions(1) What is a professor? And what kind of image do you associate with a professor?(2) What is a Yo-yo? Have you ever had

18、 one?(3) What do you suppose the author wants to tell us by using the title The Professor and the Yo-yo?. New Words and Expressions1. modest: adj. having or expressing a not too high opinion of ones merits, abilities, etc; limitHes got a drawer full of medals but hes too modest to wear them. 她有满满一抽屉

19、的奖章,但是她很谦虚,从不戴它们。Prices tended to rise year by year, but at a modest rate. 物价年年上涨,但幅度不大。2. ease: n. freedom from work, discomfort, trouble, difficulty, worry, etcTheir team won the game with ease. 她们队轻松地赢了那场比赛。The retired couple lived a life of ease. 这对退休夫妇过着安逸的生活The hostess greeted her guests with

20、ease. 女主人自然大方地迎接客人。3. display: vt. showThe cakes were displayed in the window. 糕点陈列在橱窗中。He displayed interest in archaeology. 她对考古学有爱好。3. loop: vt.She looped the curtain up. 她把帘子打环卷起。 He looped the rope around the pole. 她将绳子绕在柱子上。4. balance: n. condition of being steadyI lost my balance and fell. 我身

21、体失去平衡,摔了一跤5. impress: vt. have a strong effect on the mind or feelings ofI was very impressed by his story. 她的故事深深打动了我。 The woman impressed me most unfavorably. 这女人给我的印象极差。Impress on/upon sb.=impress sb. with sth.My father impressed on me the importance of hard work. 我爸爸要我牢记努力工作的重要性。 Our teacher imp

22、ressed us with the importance of industry and economy. 教师要我们牢牢记住勤奋节俭的重要性。6. function: vi. workThe refrigerator is not functioning well. 冰箱有点问题。The sofa functions as a bed at night. 这沙发在夜里可以当床。7. frustrate: vt. cause to have feelings of annoyed disappointment; defeat They made their preparations to f

23、rustrate the conspiracy. 她们作好准备挫败这个诡计。 He was frustrated by repeated failures. 她因多次失败而灰心丧气。8. jealous: adj.(+ of )He was jealous of his friends reputation. 她妒忌朋友的名誉。 Why is he so jealous? 她为什么这样会妒忌?9. ambition: n. strong desire for success, power, riches, etcHer son was filled with ambition to becom

24、e a great inventor. 她儿子一心想成为伟大的发明家。Her ambition was to become a film star. 她一心追求的是做电影明星。10.immune: adj. Some research groups are hoping to train immune cells to recognize and go after cancer stem cells . 有些研究团队但愿能训练免疫细胞，使它们能辨识并追缉癌症干细胞11. pretension: n. It is the most impudent piece of pretension I e

25、ver heard of in my life . 这是我毕生中从没据说过的最厚颜无耻的一项规定了。12. correspond: vi. exchange messages; be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristicsHave you been corresponding with him? 你始终和她通信吗? I assure you my actions will correspond with my words. 我向你保证,我将言行一致。13. shrug: v. raise ones

26、 shoulders to indicate indifference or resignationDont just shrug your shoulders. Say something. 不要光耸肩。你讲发言呀。 He shrugged at my suggestion. 她对我的建议只是耸耸肩。 14. beam: 1) vi. Look or smile happily and cheerfully; express joy through ones facial expressionUpon hearing the good news he beamed with joy. 一听到

27、这个好消息,她快乐得眉开眼笑。2) a column of light (as from a beacon)The beam from a flashlight showed a beggar sleeping at his doorstep. 手电筒的光照出一种睡在她家门口的乞丐。15. thereafter: adv. after that; afterwardsHe left New York in 1932 and we heard no more of him thereafter. 她一九三二年离开纽约,自那后来再没有听到她的音讯。He was captured by the en

28、emy , but escaped from prison shortly thereafter . 她被敌人俘虏，但不久就从敌营中逃脱。16. exclusively: adv. only, completely; speciallyThis room is exclusively for women. 这房间只对女士开放。She writes exclusively for New York Times. 她专门为纽约时报写稿。17. application: n. using; the work of applying somethingBiology has practical app

29、lications. 生物学有实用性。I made an application for a loan. 我申请一笔贷款。. Language Points1. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. 1) Paraphrase the sentence.I showed my skills of handling the Yo-Yo and explained to

30、 him that the toy had turned over instead of rolling back up the string because it had not been looped in a proper way.2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.轮到我时，我露了几手并向她指出，绕错的线圈使玩具失去了平衡。2. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. 1)What is the gram

31、matical function of “I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him”?Its an attributive clause modifying the word “the only person”.2) What can we infer from the sentence?We can infer from the sentence that Einstein was at peace with himself and the world. He accepted the world a

32、s it was and knew his own limits.3. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. 1) Paraphrase the sentence.He knew that the universe had more mysteries than he could ever hope to solve by his intellectual capabilities.2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.她懂得有许多问题的答案超过了她智力所及的范畴。4. He

33、seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. 1) What can we infer from the sentences?Einstein seemed unaffected by these feelings. He was completely sincere and honest without the slightest intention to show off.5. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we t

34、ake the toy apart to see how it did work. 1) What is the implied meaning of the sentence? For a few days, he continued several theories to explain how the Yo-Yo worked before I suggested that we separate it to have a look. Here we can see that Einstein was a purely theorist and did not take interest

35、 in practical use of theories. Sometimes he could not solve practical problems.2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.她持续几天试着用多种理论来解释，后来是我建议把玩具拆开来看看它是如何运转的。6. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. 1) Analyze the structure of the sentence.It i

36、s an attributive sentence with “that” clause modifying the word “theories”.2) Paraphrase the sentence.His theories were so difficult to understand that only a small number of scientists became interested in them.7. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world.1) Paraphrase the senten

37、ceNevertheless，he was a person whose name was known by almost everybody throughout the civilized countries.2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.然而，她的名字在整个文明世界都家喻户晓，人人皆知。. Global Reading1. summaryin the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment

38、 or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the worlds most important people, his stationery carried only a watermarkWfor Woolworths. Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didnt have the slightest interes

39、t in practical application of his ideas and theories. The puzzle that Einstein would never understand was his fame. He could never understand why he was singled out as something special.2. part division of the textPart I (Line 1-40) Einstein was a plain and simple man in his daily life.Part II (Line

40、 41-52) Though he was world famous, Einstein remained purely and exclusively a theorist.Part III(Line 53-72) Einstein never understood his fame.3. Short-Answer Question Directions: To show Einstein is purely and exclusively a theorist, the author gives us three examples in this part. You are require

41、d to write three sentences to summarize the three examples. Each sentence should be fewer than 20 words.(1) He wouldnt walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy.(2) He didnt have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.(3) He pursed various theories for the work o

42、f a toy but failed to know its operating principle.4. Questions and Answers1) What is the best title of this part?Einsteins attitude toward his fame.2) How did Einstein feel about his own fame?He said he had as good ideas as other people and that his ideas had been accepted because he had the luck.

43、He was even puzzled by himself. He could not understand why he received so much attention and was singled out something special. 5. An Analysis of Einsteins Personality Statements Supporting DetailsEinstein had no personal ambition.1. He was ready to come to terms with himself and the world around h

44、im. 2. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach.3. He was content to go as far as he could.4. He never showed jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition.Einstein believed in simplicity.1. He was beyond pretension2. He bought his stationery in Woolworths, a

45、five-and-ten-cent variety store.3. He never carried money with him because he had no use for it.4. he used only water and safety razor to shave.5. He needed only a pencil and a pad of paper to do his work.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist.1. He did not have the slightest interest in the

46、 practical application of his ideas and theories.2. He would not walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy.3. He did not have any curiosity in observing how his Photoelectric Theory could make TV possible.4. He tried in vain to deduce the operating principle of a toy bird but refuse

47、d to take it apart to see how it actually worked.Einstein was easy to approach and was beyond any pretension.1. He wrote a long poem of thanks to a small boy who had sent him a Yo-Yo.2. He corresponded with many of the worlds most important people with ordinary stationery.3. He thought that his idea

48、s had been accepted because he was a lucky man. Useful Expression1. 密友 a close friend2. 感到无拘无束 feel at ease3. 指出 point out4. 使玩具失去平衡 throw the toy off balance5. 一首表达感谢的诗 a poem of thanks6. 在某人的能力范畴内 within ones limits7. 超过力所能及的范畴 beyond ones intellectual limits8. 对心满意足 be content to9. 对具有免疫力 be immu

49、ne to10. 与通信往来 correspond with11. 一本拍纸簿 a pad of paper12. 对某人来说毫无意义 mean nothing to someone13. 信奉简朴 believe in simplicity14. 答复到 revert to15. 实际应用 practical application16. 相对来说次要 relatively minor in importance17. 推断其运作原理 deduce the operating principle18. 推理中的一种漏洞 a flaw in ones reasoning19. 不赞成的表情 an expression of disapproval20. 研究出解决措施 work out an solution21. 一种家喻户晓的名字 a household name22. 对困惑不解 be bewildered by23. 受到关注 receive attention24. 挑选出 single out