管架载荷计算

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1、管架载荷计算规定1 总则本规定适用于设计管架时计算管道重量载荷、弹性载荷及摩擦力。其余载荷如：风载、 地震载荷等可根据需要按相应规定计算。2 考虑承载的一般原则2.1 当采用可变弹簧支吊架时，与其相邻的刚性支架的载荷应适当加大。一般取弹簧支吊架 承受的最大载荷的 15%作为转移载荷，作川在相邻刚性支架上。2.2 对靠近泵，压缩机，汽轮机等敏感设备的支吊架，应能承受相应管段的全部重量。2.3计算安全阀排气管道上的支吊架载荷时（排气管口为T型的除外），尚应根据布置情况， 考虑排气反作用力。排气反力按下式计算：/ KT厂_% + 1） M（21）-273式中：F排气管上气流的反作用力，kg；Q气体或

2、蒸汽排放量，kg/h；K气体或蒸汽的绝热指数；T安全阀入口绝对温度，K；M气体或蒸汽的分子量。3 重量载荷的确定3.1 重量载荷包括管道、管道附件、保温层材料、介质的重量（当介质比重小于 1,且管道 需进行水压试验时按充水重量考虑）。另外，根据需要考虑雪载荷等的作用。3.2 由于管段形式和支承点所处位置不同，支吊架所承受的重量载荷亦不尽相同。为此，本 规定将一般管段大致分为几种主要形式，分别采用以下简化方法计算支吊架重量载荷。3.2.1 水平直管段3.2.1.1 无集中载荷的水平直管段作用于管架上的重量载荷，按下式计算：L,Rb(31 )(32)Rr二彳（厶+匚）式中：R、R、R 分别为直管段

3、作用于A、B、C管架上的重量载荷，kg；ABCm。q每米管道的重量匚（33 ）L、L 管段长度，13.2.1.2 带有集中载荷（阀门等）的水平直管段作用于两端管架上重量载荷按下式计算式中：P集中载荷，kg；a、b分别为集中载荷点至管架A、B的距离,m。3.2.2 垂直 L 形管段作用于两端管架上的重量载荷，按下式确定。3.2.3 Z 形管段3.2.3.1 水平 Z 形管段平面 Z 形管段作用于两端管架上的重量载荷，其计算公式比较复杂，为简化计算可利用 作图法进行。作图步骤如下：先按比例画出 AB 管段各段长度，并在 A、B 两点间连直线，然 后分别从LI、L2、L3各段的中点向AB引垂线，可分

4、别得到a、b、c的长度，再将其代入式38）和式（39），即可求出两支承点的载荷。%二 g（厶 a + L2 -b + 厶 y” 丄二g （厶+匕2十彳）一 R八J1R1T/3.2.3.2 垂直 Z 形管段垂直Z形管段作用于两端管架上的重量载荷，按下式计算:/7 -bR严疏上上丿）（3-10）“2 LRb =（?（+ ）（311）号2 L3.2.3.3对于空间Z形管段两端管架的重量载荷，因计算复杂，简化法的结果误差过大，一般应采用电算法计算。3.2.4 带分支的水平 T 形管段3.2.4.1式中：q、13.2.4.2 分支管和主管不在同一平面内的 T 形管段，作用于管架上的重量载荷按下式计算：式

5、中：h分支管垂直段长度，m。3.3 上述简化计算采用分段处理方法，所得的管架重量载荷系单侧计算值，由于一般管道均 为连续敷设，故管架上的总重量载荷还必须加上相邻管段以该支承点上所作用的重量载荷。4 水平摩擦力的计算 作用于支托架上的水平摩擦力是在管道热位移是产生的，其大小与管道重量和接触面的 材质有关。4.1 托架上敷设单根管时，其水平摩擦力按下式计算：Pm= p * Q（41 式中：Pm水平摩擦力，kg；Q作用于管架上的重量载荷，kg； 卩一摩擦系数（见下表）。摩擦系数卩接触情况卩值钢与钢0.3滑动支架钢与混凝土0.6聚四氟乙烯与聚四乙烯0.1滚动支架钢与钢0.14.2 支托架上敷设多根管时

6、，其水平摩擦力按式（42a）和（42b）计算，取两者中之较大值：样二 0.1工0（42a）耳迩喰一2b）式中：Pm水平摩擦力，kg；Qi第i根管作用于管架上的重量载荷，kg；Q 管架上所支承管道中，最重管道的重量载荷， kg。max5 热膨胀弹性力的确定5.1 因管段热胀作用于固定管架的弹性力，计算都十分复杂，为便于工程应用，本规定采用以下图表计算法。5.1.1根据管段形式按表1和与之相应的图表查出系数K、K和K。X Y Z5.1.2根据管道操作条件和所用材料，由表16中查出相应之C值。5.1.3按式（51）,（52），（53）分别计算X、Y、Z三方向的热膨胀弹性力:51 )(52)(53)式

7、中：Fx、Fy、Fz分别为 X、Y、Z 方向上的弹性力， kg；Kx、Ky、Kz分别为X、Y、Z方向上的系数（见表15）；C膨胀系数（见表16）；L相应管段计算参数，m；I管子断面惯性矩，cm4。式中：D管子外径,d管子内径,cm；cm。表 1 常见形状索引表表2 L 形管段L/h1.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62783.03.23.43.63.84.04.24?4KX12.017.223.032.042.054.068.384.4103125150175107237274315356406KY12.012.513.414.415.416.617.819.220.622.

8、023.525.026.528.029.531.533.034.6L/h4.64.85.05.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.0K14565105706307007758559381020111012121313142615171655178519172059KY36.237.839.541.243.044.746.248.249.851.653.455.056.858.660.261.863.665.4表 3 带钩的 Z 形管段L/h0.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.63.84.0

9、4.2KX1.182.77.811.215.219.724.330.037.045.054.064.876.088.0100.0113.5128.7144.0KY1.312.23.34.76.27.79.210.913.015.117.219.321.624.026.529.031.634.637.4L/h4.44.64.85.05.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.0K4160173198219241263286310334360388416446479508540579615653KY40.443.446.449.452.555.658.7

10、61.865.068.471.875.278.982.085.589.192.796.3100.0a/bfL/h0.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.63.84.04.2表 4 Z 形管段1.5KX9.2512.817.222.528.335.443.052.863.076.089.0102116132149168188210235K43.039.037.937.837.742.143.245.748.051.054.558.262.266.070.074.078.082.086.4K8.511.815.921.0273441506071

11、8396110124140168177197219KY38353435363739414346495356596366707377K7.310.514.4182230384657687991104118133149165181201KY32292929303233353840434649515457606366K6.59.212.616.0202734425161718292106121136151166185KY25232223242526272931333537394144464951K6.08.511.814192430404858698090104118132147163182KY22

12、201920212122242527293032343638404244L/h4.44.64.85.05.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.0K260285310336364393425457491526562598633670715758803850898K90.694.899.0103.2107.6111.8116.2120.5124.8129.4133.8138.2142.6145.0152.0156.5161.0165.5170.0K1241263287314341370399430461493526501598636674714756

13、798840KY8185889296100104108112116120124128132136140143148152K1221241263288313339365392422450478506535565601639680724770KY69727578818588929598102105108111115118122125129K204223243266286310335360386414443472502533565599633668703KY53565861636668717376798184868992949799K120122023926028130432935538140843

14、6465495526557588620655694KY46485052545658616365676972747678818385表5 n形一带等长切线管段L/a 2345678910L/h、1.02.402.462.522.582.642.672.702.732.751.23.704.464.654.784.845.05.25.295.351.45.316.466.796.987.17.47.77.857.951.67.228.468.939.209.59.810.210.4110.551.89.4510.4811.0811.4211.912.312.712.9713.152.012.001

15、2.513.2413.8714.414.915.315.5315.792.214.8515.816.616.917.518.018.620.021.02.418.0019.620.420.821.322.523.825.226.32.621.5223.424.425.526.227.529.030.731.72.825.3227.328.930.631.733.034.736.337.23.029.4531.233.635.837.739.340.741.943.03.233.935.639.041.243.745.748.050.050.83.438.740.044.546.949.552.

16、255.558.359.23.643.746.150.353.057.559.563.266.768.03.849.152.357.060.265.568.571.575.277.14.054.958.564.069.173.677.580.984.286.64.260.864.771.178.182.087.090.495.097.04.467.371.078.987.291.096.5100.5106.2108.04.673.979.187.096.3101.7106.5112.0117.8120.04.881.087.295.8105.4112.4118.0124.2129.8133.3

17、L/h JKx5.088.295.3104.6114.7122.5130.0136.7142.5147.95.295.9104.4114.0125.0134.0142.0149.4157.5163.05.4103.8113.5123.6136.3146.0155.0162.4172.6178.55.6112.1122.6134.0147.6159.0169.0177.0187.0194.55.8120.7132.0144.6159.0172.0183.0192.620.7211.06.0129.6141.6155.8171.3185.0197.8209.0219.2228.36.2138.81

18、52.4167.2184.0199.0213.0225.0236.0245.86.4148.4163.3179.1198.0213.0228.5241.8253.0263.86.6158.2174.2191.0212.2228.0245.0259.5271.0282.86.8168.4185.2204.0226.4244.2262.5279.0292.03057.0178.9196.3217.0240.7261.8280.7298.73143287.2189.8207.1230.5256.0279.8299.53193363517.4200.9221.9244.2271.5297.8319.0

19、3393583747.6212.4234.7259.2287.5316339.03593813987.8224.2247.6274.5304.3334359.03814044228.0236.2260.7289.83223523794054274488.2248.7275.03053403724004294514758.4261.5289.33203583924224554765028.6274.63043363774134454805025308.8287.93183513954344705055295609.03023323674164564955305595909.23163483844

20、374795205565896209.43303654024585035455846186519.63453814224805275706116486849.836039744350255159663968071710.0375414466525575624666711750L/af10L/h1.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.63.82.54.46.48.410.412.416.019.723.427.130.936.341.746.151.6KY-0.50.71.01.21.51.72.02.32.73.03.33.74.04.44.82.75

21、.38.010.813.616.520.324.128.032.036.141.047.053.060.0KY-1.11.62.12.63.13.63.94.34.64.95.35.76.26.67.12.85.07.610.212.915.620.625.630.635.640.748.056.064.072.0KY-1.41.82.22.73.13.64.04.54.95.45.96.36.87.37.82.95.58.210.913.616.520.024.028.033.040.847.055.065.076.0KY-1.52.02.52.93.43.84.24.75.15.66.06

22、.57.07.47.93.05.58.211.014.017.221.527.533.539.546.564.062.071.081.1KY-1.62.12.63.03.54.04.54.95.56.06.56.97.47.88.3L/afL/h5.05.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.08.28.48.68.89.09.29.49.69.8KX94.0KY-7.0KY-9.6K10.4K10.8K11.3103112121131140150161171182192204216228240252266280295309323339355371

23、7.57.98.38.79.29.59.910.310.711.111.511.912.312.713.113.513.914.314.715.215.616.016.412413514315716818019320622023424926427929531233034836638440242144046010.010.510.911.411.812.312.713.113.614.014.414.815.215.616.116.617.017.518.018.418.819.219.6145158172185199216232248264280299319338357377398420442

24、46548751253756210.911.311.812.312.713.213.614.114.514.915.415.816.216.617.117.518.018.418.919.419.720.120.515817318920622424125827529231032934836738640843045347650353156058861811.311.712.212.613.113.614.114.515.015.515.916.316.717.117.517.918.418.919.319.820.220.721.117218820622324226128330632935237

25、539942545047650253056159262465768972211.712.112.613.013.514.014.515.015.516.016.416.817.217.718.218.619.019.520.020.621.021.421.8L/af10L/h1.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.6K2.54.06.08.010131620242833394450KY-0.71.11.51.82.22.63.13.64.24.75.25.86.36.9K2.84.06.09.012151821263138445159KY-1.41.9

26、2.42.93.54.04.65.25.86.47.07.68.28.8K3.14.07.01013172126313745515968KY-2.02.63.33.94.65.35.65.96.26.57.07.99.010.0K3.25.88.41114182226313948576574KY-2.12.83.54.24.95.66.37.17.88.69.310.010.711.5K3.36.09.01114192228344352607080KY-2.22.93.64.35.05.86.67.48.29.09.810.511.111.8L/afL/h5.05.25.45.65.86.06

27、.26.46.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.08.28.48.68.89.09.29.49.69.8110119129139148159170181194208220232246260276290305321338355372389406KY11.211.812.413.013.614.214.915.716.417.117.818.519.119.820.421.121.822.523.223.924.625.325.926.6131142154166179191204219234250266282299317335354373392411430450470491KY13.213

28、.914.515.215.816.517.117.818.519.119.820.521.221.822.523.223.924.625.225.926.627.327.928.6157170184199216231249267285304323344365387410432255480506532560588619KY16.016.717.418.118.819.720.321.021.622.323.023.724.425.125.826.527.227.928.629.330.231.031.832.61741902082262442622803003213443673904134384

29、64490518546574604634665697KY16.517.217.918.719.420.120.721.422.122.923.624.224.825.526.126.727.528.229.029.730.531.232.032.7188205222241262283305330353376403430457485513542573605637669703738774KY16.717.418.118.819.620.321.021.822.623.424.224.925.626.226.927.628.329.029.730.431.131.732.433.0L/af10L/h

30、1.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.6K2.64.56.78.911.213.517.521.525.529.734.240.44752KY-0.81.31.82.32.73.23.84.55.15.86.47.17.88.5K2.95.07.710.513.316.32025303643495664K1.852.53.34.04.75.46.37.28.08.99.810.611.512.3K3.25.21114182227334048566574KY-2.33.13.94.75.46.27.07.98.89.610.511.412.313.1K

31、3.41215192329364352607080KY-2.43.24.04.85.66.57.48.39.110.010.911.812.713.6K3.56.21216202430374554637282KY-2.53.44.25.05.86.77.68.49.310.211.011.912.813.7L/afL/h5.05.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.08.28.48.68.89.09.29.49.69.81171271371481591701811942082222362502642792963133303473643824004

32、19438KY14.014.815.616.417.218.018.919.720.621.522.423.224.225.126.027.027.928.829.730.631.432.333.234.1144157171185199215230245260276293311330350370390410430451473496519542KY18.519.420.321.122.022.923.824.725.526.427.428.329.230.131.032.032.833.734.635.536.337.238.139.0168183200217234251269288309330

33、351372393415437460484510536562590615645KY19.420.321.222.223.124.024.925.926.827.828.729.430.231.031.832.733.434.335.136.037.037.838.739.6185201219238258277296316340367389412436463490519548578608640672704736KY19.820.721.622.423.324.225.126.026.927.928.829.630.431.232.032.833.734.635.536.437.438.138.9

34、39.7200218236257278299321346371399427455483511540570603637673710747784821KY20.121.021.922.823.724.525.526.427.328.229.230.030.931.732.633.434.335.236.036.937.838.639.540.3表9 n形一单边等切线管段L/afL/h1.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.61.5KX2.634.06.08.011.014.51822263239455159K0.751.271.792.312.833.44

35、.25.05.96.87.78.89.911.0K2.84.812162024303745526070K1.412.283.154.04.95.87.18.49.811.012.414.115.817.5K3.31216202530364453627181KY-2.33.54.83.07.28.410.011.513.014.516182022K3.66.09.012.016.521.32834404959698091KY-2.73.95.16.37.58.810.512.113815.517.219.021.023.0L/h5.05.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.07

36、.27.47.67.88.08.28.48.68.89.09.29.49.69.810.0K1139152165179193209225242261281302322342364387411439468497526555586617649681714KY21.823.124.425.727.028.530.231.933.635.437.339.241.143.045.046.849.051.25355586063656770171188206225244263283305329355378403430460491520550580610640679718757797837KY31333638

37、40434548505355586063666971747779828588929599K1185203221240260280305330355380406435464493523553587621656691726765805845885925KY373941434547505356596265677072757880838588919497100103218238259280302324347371397425453481510541574609644679714750788826864902940KY3739414346485152545658616365687073778082858

38、7899294表io n形一不等长腿管段h/h f1L/h0.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.6KX0.070.601.152.44.31319273543526581991184/3KY-0.60.70.80.91.21.41.61.92.12.32.62.93.23.53.84.14.4KX0.290.751.93.66.211182737486091110130152KY-1.82.02.22.53.03.64.24.85.46.06.67.38.09.010.010.511.5KX0.53KY-3.4KX0.69KY

39、-4.61.43.51.54.82.73.83.25.04.810152232445771871051281511784.44.95.76.57.38.19.010.011.012.513.51516175.712182635476075941141351601895.56.07.08.09.010.011.012.013.014.516171920续表 10h/h -1L/h4.04.24.44.64.85.04/3K184210239271303336KY-5.76.16.56.97.37.7K1239273310351398445K Y141516171819K1278318361410461512KY212324252628K1292332378428481537KY242628293032表ii n形一等长腿管段L/h0.20.30.40.50.60.70.80791.0172174176178270272KX0.03770.1