牛津上海版 中考英语 常见的词缀、例词及练习（无答案）

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1、牛津沪教版常见的词缀、例词及练习1. 定义：是指只能粘附在词根上构成新词的语素。包括前缀与后缀2. 词缀示例：a. 前缀：e.g. likedislike, happyunhappy, usualunusual, appeardisappear, possibleimpossibleb. 后缀：e.g. useuseful, pollutepollution, comfortcomfortable, changechangeable, secretsecretary3. 用法【前缀】前缀放在单词的前面，主要改变单词的意思。主要有否定前缀, 表“重复”的前缀, 及表“相互”的前缀a. 否定前缀

2、un- happyunhappy, usualunusual, realunreal, friendlyunfriendly, tidyuntidy comfortableuncomfortable, ableunable, luckyunlucky, healthyunhealthy, fortunate-unfortunate dis- likedislike, agreedisagree, honestdishonest, appeardisappear, abledisabled （disorder, discover） im- /in-possibleimpossible, poli

3、teimpolite, activeinactive, correctincorrect, b. 表“重复”的前缀 re-turnreturn, viewreview, startrestart, unionreunion, writerewrite, doredoc. 表“相互”的前缀 inter- nationalinternational, netinternet, viewinterview, personalinterpersonal,（act-interact） d. 表“数字”的前缀 uni- 单一；统一uniform, unit, union, the United State

4、s of America, the United Kingdom, unicorn, universe, university bi- 二，双bicycle, bicultural, bilateral tri- 三，三倍triangle, triple, trilogy, tricycle quadra- 四，四倍quartere. 表“向前”的前缀 pro-progress, process, project, proposef. 表“转移”的前缀 trans-transform, transplant, translate, g. 表“提前”的前缀 pre-predict, previe

5、w, preheat, prehistory, prewarh. 变使役动词的前缀 en-enable, enrich, enlarge, endanger, encourage【名词性后缀】1. 者名词1）-er，-eer表示从事于人 wait-waiter, win-winner, paint-painter, begin-beginner, bake-baker, manager-manager, write-writer, engine-engineer2）-or，表示做的人 educate-educator, act-actor, operate-operator, sail-sai

6、lor, direct-director, invent-inventor, visit-visitor3）-ess，表示女性人称名词， act-actress, host-hostess, prince-princess, waitwaitress4）-ee，表示动作承受者 *employ-employee, examine-examinee, train-trainee, interview-interviewee5）-ist，表示家， .者，.能手”tour-tourist, art-artist, piano-pianist, science-scientist, novel-nove

7、list, dental-dentist, chemistry-chemist, type-typist6）-ary，表示从事的人 secret-secretary, 7）-ine，表示女性人称 *hero-heroine, 8）-an,-ian, 表示地方的人，精通的人”America-American, India-Indian, Asia-Asian, music-musician, magic-magician, physical-physician10）-ese，表示 国人，.地方的人”Japan-Japanese, China-Chinese11）-ant,-ent，表示者” as

8、sist-assistant, serve-servant, study-student, agency-agent, participate-participant12）-man, -woman，表示“从事于人” sale-salesman, saleswoman, police-policeman, policewoman, business-businessman, businesswoman, fish-fisherman, post-postman注意部分-er结尾不表示人的单词如：cookcooker, serveserver, heatheater, coolcooler, fl

9、yflyer2. 构成具有抽象名词的后缀表示行为，状况及结果1）-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition， act-action, solve-solution, conclude-conclusion, pollute-pollution, create(creative)-creationdiscuss-discussion, organize-organization, decide-decision, direct-direction, operate-operation, exhibit-exhibition, invent-invention, invite-i

10、nvitation2）-ment， advertise-advertisement, develop-development, punish-punishment, argue-argument3）-al, refuse-refusal, arrive-arrival, survive-survival, approve-approval4）-ing， build-building, begin-beginning, meet-meeting, mean-meaning, cycle-cycling, save-saving, traintraining, say-saying5）-ure，

11、please-pleasure, fail-failure, mix-mixture表示性质，程度，行为，状态6）-ance, -ence important-importance, convenient-convenience, different-difference, appear-appearance, absent-absence, enter-entrance, perform-performance, refer-reference, silent-silence, guide-guidance7）-ancy, -ency， frequent-frequency, efficie

12、nt-efficiency, emergent-emergency, agent-agency8）-ity， real-reality, able-ability, national-nationality, active-activity, creative-creativity9）-ety， various-variety, anxious-anxiety, social-society10）-bility， possiblepossibility, responsible-responsibility11）-ice， serve-service, choose-choice, advis

13、e-advice, 12）-th， deep-depth, true-truth, long-length, grow-growth, wide-width, die(dead)-death 13）-ness， good-goodness, kind-kindness, happy-happiness, ill-illness, lonely-loneliness, empty-emptiness表示身份，等级，领域，状态14）-ship， member-membership, friend-friendship15）-age， pack-package, marry-marriage, po

14、st-postage16）-dom， free-freedom, king-kingdom, wise-wisdom17）-hood， child-childhood, neighbour-neighbourhood, 【巩固测试】1. Recently many _ are going to evening school for further study. （work）2. A great number of high _ have risen in Shanghai during the last 10 years. （build）3. After much _, we all agre

15、ed to share the cost.（discuss）4. White was away to the South last month, so he didnt attend the _ in Beijing.（meet）5. I am a regular _ to the Baidu website. （visit）6. We have made a _ to enter for the contest. （decide）7. Most of the passengers were satisfied with the _ of the Eastern Airline. （serve

16、）8. Who is the _ of Harry Potter? （write）9. Computers are super _.（calculate）10. The _ of the game is waving his hand to the audience. （win）11. A friend in need is a friend indeed. is a famous Chinese _. （say） 12. With the rapid _, China is playing a more important role in the international society.

17、（develop）13. “Its a _ to meet you.” said the boy to his friend. （please）14. Harry is dreaming of being an _ like Tom Cruise. （act）15. The general _ of that new company is a quite young lady. （manage）16. My parents are both _ of that art museum. （paint）17. The little girl is clever enough to recite e

18、very text in the book from _ to end. （begin）18. This soft drink is a _ of four different kinds. It tastes delicious. （mix）19. This is for your _ only. （refer）20. Mr. Jackson has received an _ to his friends birthday party. （invite） 【2021一模&二模】1. Its a new story full of , adventure and heroic charact

19、ers.（act）(2021杨浦一模)2. The movie card was no available, so I threw it away.（length）(2021虹口一模)3. Computers were considered as one of the greatest in the 1920s though they were very huge at that time.（invent）(2021宝山一模)4. Two _ are directing traffic at the crossing. (policewoman) (2021普陀一模)5. The_ of th

20、at bridge is over 200 metres. (long) (2021普陀一模)6. Wendys father helped her _a new way of doing business. （invention）(2021普陀一模)7. The government is planning to _more jobs for young people. (creation) (2021松江一模)8. We are confident of the doctors _to cure this disease. (able) (2021松江一模)9. The Pony Expr

21、ess was a _ started in 1860 that carried mail and news throughout the West. (serve) (2021奉贤一模)10. Dont jump to conclusions! Wed better _ the problem first. (discussion) (2021奉贤一模)11. The manager said that the _ of the report must be at least fifteen minutes.（long）(2021嘉定一模)12. A _ is not a person wh

22、o never fails, but a person who never gives up. (win) (2021浦东一模)13. Its important for students to build relationships with other members of the _.（social）(2021徐汇一模)14. The sudden of the pet dog made the old lady very sad.（dead）(2021长宁一模)15. Greenpeace is an international _ that protects the environm

23、ent. (organize) (2021崇明一模)16. Both the government and the public should find ways to reduce _. (pollute) (2021黄浦一模)17. The family had a really _ trip to Thailand during the summer holiday. (please) (2021静安一模)18. The man who made a call while driving should take _ for the accident. (responsible)(2021

24、静安一模)19. In the future, Joe would like to _ a truck like his father. (driver) (2021闵行一模)20. Keeping pet dogs is a good idea, and we can learn about _ from it. (responsible) (2021闵行一模)21. If you had chosen to tell the _ at first, you would not be in trouble now. (true) (2021奉贤二模)22. Food waste is one

25、 of the biggest _ problems nowadays. (society) (2021奉贤二模)23. Computers can be used to _ railways, and fly airplanes and spaceships. (operation) (2021奉贤二模)24. We asked a local _ to come and show her work to the students. (art) (2021杨浦二模)25. The manager of the restaurant has trained the waitress to _

26、correctly at table. (service) (2021杨浦二模)26. As spring is here, animals can feel the _ and wake up from their winter sleep. (warm) (2021黄浦二模)27. Keep the rules for the public. Be a polite _. (visit) (2021静安二模)28. He found that there was nothing but peace and _ here. (happy) (2021闵行二模)29. Its necessar

27、y for students to learn to _ relationships and communicate with others in the team. (development) (2021虹口二模)30. The _ over there is in a bad state and it needs some repair work. (build) (2021徐汇二模)31. Jenny lives a busy _ life and she joins different clubs to make new friends. (society) (2021徐汇二模)32.

28、 Pouring rubbish into the river will _ the water we drink. (pollution) (2021普陀二模)33. Zak is a friendly neighbour and he treat others with _. (kind) (2021普陀二模)34. Nowaday young people check their _ media more often than before. (society) (2021青浦二模)35. “Night Banquet（宴会）in Palace of Tang Dynasty” was

29、one the many excellent _ during the Henan Spring Festival Gala（演出）. (perform) (2021青浦二模)36. Now more and more parents have realized the _ of outdoor play. (important) (2021金山二模)37. The _ of the Cassette Tape（盒式磁带）, Lou Ottens, dies at the age of 94. (invent) (2021金山二模)38. Jerry is interested in diff

30、erent kinds of outdoor _ such as skiing and camping. (act) (2021宝山二模)39. My teachers often _ me to take notes in class and have a review after school. (advice) (2021宝山二模)【形容词后缀】1）-able, ible表示能够 change-changeable, comfort-comfortable, forget-unforgettable, reason-reasonable, possible-possibility2）-f

31、ul 表示“充分的”含义 help-helpful, use-useful, care-careful, beauty-beautiful, colour-colourful, meaning-meaningful, wonder-wonderful, hope-hopeful, harm-harmful3）-less，通常是ful结尾形容词的反义词 help-helpless, use-useless, care-careless, colour-colourless, meaning-meaningless, hope-hopeless, harm-harmless4）-ed，通常修饰人或

32、表示被动含义， interest-interested, surprise-surprised, relax-relaxed, bore-boredexcite-excited, disappoint-disappointed, please-pleased, 5）-ing，通常修饰物或表示主动含义， interest-interesting, surprise-surprising, relax-relaxing, excite-exciting, disappoint-disappointing, bore-boring6）-y， 表示有.性质的、有.倾向的 rain-rainy, clo

33、ud-cloudy, sun-sunny, wind-windy, snow-snowy, noise-noisy, luck-lucky, health-healthy, 6）-ive， 表示有.性质的、有.倾向的 act-active, nation-native, createcreative, effect-effective7）-ous，表示“充分的”含义 danger-dangerous, famefamous, varietyvarious8）-ic，表示有.性质的、有.倾向的 basebasic, comedycomic, fantasyfantastic, electrici

34、tyelectric 9）-al，表示有.性质的、有.倾向的 personpersonal, nationnational, emotionemotional, physicsphysical chemistrychemical, naturenatural, globeglobal, societysocial locatelocal, medicinemedical, 10）-ern, 表示方向” west-western, east-eastern, north-northern, southsouthern11）-an 表示“国籍” America-American, Asia-Asi

35、an, India-Indian, Canada-Canadian12）-ese，表示“国籍” Japan-Japanese, China-Chinese注意：部分以ly结尾的不是副词，而是形容词friendly， lovely, likely, lonely, elderly, lively【副词后缀】(1) 直接加ly， careful-carefully quick-quickly polite-politely extreme-extremely complete-completely, recent-recently loud-loudly clear-clearly immedia

36、teimmediately widewidely (2) 以le 结尾的形容词去e加ly构成副词 possible -possibly comfortable-comfortably true-truly gentle-gently(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i加lyhappy-happilyheavy-heavily healthy-healthily noisy-noisily lucky-luckily angry-angrily easy - easily注意：部分以ly结尾的不是副词，而是形容词friendly， lovely, likely, lonely, elderl

37、y, lively部分形容词和副词同形:fastfast, hardhard, earlyearly, highhigh 加了ly后意思有区别，试比较：hardhardly, highhighly 高度地；非常【巩固练习】【2021一模】1. Every morning, the student stand at the school gate and greet the teachers _. (polite)（2021奉贤一模）2. I think one of the most _ ways to improve memory is the link method. (effect) （

38、2021虹口一模）3. You need the _ knowledge of I.T. to apply for this job. (base) （2021虹口一模）4. We all know that success in study _ depends on ones own effort. (main) （2021虹口一模）5. Joes parents couldnt understand why he made such a _ decision yesterday.（surprise）（2021嘉定一模）6. The neighbours help warmed her an

39、d made her feel _ after the terrible fire.（hope）（2021嘉定一模）7. Nearly 90% students in big cities own mobile phones according to a _ study.（recently）（2021嘉定一模）8. Keeping animals in cages in zoos will make them _ unhappy and irritable（烦躁的）.（extreme）（2021嘉定一模）9. The delivery mans job is to deliver things

40、 to people as _ as possible. (immediate) （2021浦东一模）10. You should be _ to life and smile when you have a hard time. (hope) （2021浦东一模）11. _, I missed the beginning of the lecture because of the traffic jam. (fortunately) （2021浦东一模）12. Henry has travelled _ in Asia and knows a lot about different coun

41、tries there. (wide) （2021普陀一模）13. Because of her busy schedule, it is _ for her to spend much time traveling. （possible）（2021普陀一模）14. These years China has made great efforts to ensure peoples sense of _ safety.（person）（2021徐汇一模）15. The scientific research Change-5 did on the moon really made me fee

42、l _.（interest）（2021徐汇一模）16. The yard doors usually have weak locks and you can open them _. (easy) （2021杨浦一模）17. So whats going on, you sound _ on the phone? (worry) （2021杨浦一模）18. The hi-tech industry attracts many _ people to work there.（create）（2021长宁一模）19. I wonder if you have visited the places

43、of interest in Shanghai _.（recent）（2021长宁一模）20. Everyone should learn how to be _ in our daily life.（depend）（2021长宁一模）21. In some countries, it is _ to open the gifts in front of the guests, so try to avoid it. (polite) （2021青浦一模）22. Change 5 robotic probe has _ brought back the rocks and soil from

44、the moon. (succeed) （2021青浦一模）23. Eventually students will graduate from schools to live as fully _ adults. (depend) （2021青浦一模）【2021二模】24. Walt Disney created a lot of _ characters in his cartoons. (forget) （2021虹口二模）25. Playing computer games for too long does harm to peoples _ and mental health. (

45、physics)（2021虹口二模）26. Some officers turned into livestreamers（网络主播）to help _ farmers to sell their products. (locate)（2021虹口二模）27. 5G technology will be _ used in our daily life in the near future. (wider) （2021虹口二模）28. Mum laid the baby down _ on the bed. （gentle）（2021静安二模）29. He would rather be po

46、or than get money in such a（n）_ way. （honest）（2021静安二模）30. The campers are so _ that they may cause a fire.（care）（2021杨浦二模）31. A business without a _ customer will surely die.（satisfying）（2021杨浦二模）32. Their advice is _ listened to, but in fact, very little notice is taken of it.（polite）（2021杨浦二模）33.

47、 Kelly usually goes to work by bike except on _ days, (rain) （2021闵行二模）34. The 90-year-old man was _ ill because of the cold weather. (serious) （2021闵行二模）35. It seems _ to force Tommy to give his favorite toy to his little brother. (fair) （2021徐汇二模）36. To rescue that dying boy, doctors have done alm

48、ost everything they can _ think of. (possible)（2021徐汇二模）37. Jenny lives a busy _ life and she joins different clubs to make new friends. (society) （2021徐汇二模）38. Food waste is one of the biggest _ problems nowadays.（society）（2021奉贤二模）39. My sister has been _ since she entered the university. She has

49、made all the important decisions by herself.（depend）（2021奉贤二模）40. Take an umbrella with you, for the weather is _ this time of the year. (change) （2021黄浦二模）41. I _ lost myself in the lake view when I was traveling in Kunming. (complete) （2021黄浦二模）42. Nowadays young people check their _ media more of

50、ten than before. (society) （2021青浦二模）43. Our garden was_ decorated with lanterns to celebrate the Chinese New Year. (bright) （2021青浦二模）44. The wind is blowing _. Lets go fly kites in the nearby park. (gentle) （2021长宁二模）45. I was so _ that I lost my room key while walking in the street. (lucky) （2021长宁二模）46. The most _ solution to traffic jams is to widen more roads. (effect) （2021长宁二模）47. The weather is very _at this time of year. (change) （2021普陀二模）48. The _ boss made the shop assistant unhappy about their job. (fair) （2021普陀二模）