直接引语和间接引语用法讲解

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1、精品资料，欢迎大家下载！直接引语和间接引语用法讲解、概述引用或转述别人说de话时有两种方法：直接引述别人de原话,这叫做直接引语(directspeech).用自己de话转述别人de话,叫间接引语(indirectspeech).一般地讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达.Mr.Blacksaid,Imbusy.布菜克先生说:我很忙.(直接引语)Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.布菜克先生说他很忙.(宾语从句是间接引语)从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中de人称和时态进行相应de变化,如上例直接引语中d

2、eI改成了he,am贝U改成了was.现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意de问题,分述如下：二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省去),that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中de人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应de变化.1、人称de变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应de变化,把直接引语中de第一人称(如：I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句de主语相一致de人称.把直接引语中de第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句de间接宾语(即听话人如无听话人,可根据上下文d

3、e体会人为确定一个人称)相一致de人称.直接引语中de第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变.Hesaid,iTikeitverymuch.他说：我非常喜欢它.tHesaidthathelikeditverymuch.他说他非常喜欢它.(I改为he,it不变)Hesaid,Youtoldmethisstory.他说：你给我讲过这个故事.(You改为tHesaidthatIhadtoldhimthatstory.他说我给他讲过那个故事.I,me改为him,told改为hadtold)Hesai

4、dtome,Shesleftherbookinyourroom.他对我说：她把书放在你de房间里去了.Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.他对我说她把书放在我de房间里去了.(Shestshehad,her不变,yourtmy)2、时态de变化(1)主句de谓语动词是一般过去时如主句de谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句de谓语动词在时态以上资料仅供参考，如有侵权，留言第一时间删除！Hesaid,usuallywatchTVonSunday.他说：我常在星期天看电视.tHesaidthatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday

5、.他说他常在星期天看电视.Hesaid,I*musingtheknife.他说：我正在用小刀.tHesaidthathewasusingtheknife.他说他正在用小刀.Shesaid,I“havenotheardfromhimsinceMay.她说：自从五月份来我就没有收到他de来信.tShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他de来信.Hesaid,fcametohelpyou.他说：我来帮助你.tHesaidthathehadcometohelpme.他说他来帮助我.Hesaid,I“hadfinishedmyhom

6、eworkbeforesupper.他说：晚饭前我己做完了作业.tHesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业.ZhouLansaid,I*lldoitafterclass.周兰说：下课后我就去做.tZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.周兰说下课后她就去做.Hesaid,shallbedoingmyhomeworkthen.他说：那时我将正在做作业.tHesaidthatheshouldbedoinghishomeworkthen.他说那时他将正在做作业.Hesaid,Weshal

7、lhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.他说：我们将在那时以前完成工作.tHesaidthattheyshouldhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.他说他们彳务在那时以前完成工作.注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体de过去时间连用说明客观事实时,变为间接引语时,时态不变.Theteachersaid,Theearthround.老师说:地球是圆de.tTheteachersaidthattheearthround.老师说地球是圆de.Hesaid,l“wasborninShangdongin1965.他说：我1965年生丁山东.t

8、HesaidthathewasborninShangdongin1965.他说他1965年生丁山东.Hesaid,ColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.他说：哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲.tHesaidColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲.(2)主句de谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句de谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一律不变Hesays,finishedthework.他说：我做完工作了.Hesaysthathefinishedthework.他说他做完工作了.Hewillsay,l

9、“havewateredtheflowers.他会说：我己经浇花了.Hewillsayhehaswateredtheflowers.他会说他己经浇花了.3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语de相应变化见下表：直技引语间接引语寸旨示代词this/thesethat/thosenowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnhtthisweek(month一一.)thatweek(montti.)时间状语yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month)theweek(month.,.beforetwoweeks(rrwnthgotwoweek(Eontti5)bf

10、io常tomorrowttienextdaynextweek(month.)thenextweek(month.)地点状语h白籍there动词comebringtakeHesaid,I“metMr.Smiththismorning.他说我今天早晨见到史密斯了.HesaidthathehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了.Hesaid,Wewenttothecinemayesterday.他说：我们昨天去电影院了.tHesaidtheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.他说前一天他4去电影院了.Lilysaid,I“willc

11、omebacknextmonth.莉莉说：我下个月回来.tLilysaidthatshewouldgobackthenextmonth.莉莉说她下一个月就回去.Hesaid,Ifisnineoclocknow.他说:现在九点了.tHesaidthatitwasnineoclockthen.他说那时九点了.Hesaid,haventseenhertoday.他说:今天我没见到她.tHesaidthathehadntseenherthatday.他说那天他没有见到她.Shesaid,Iwentthereyesterday.她说:昨天我去了那儿.tShesaidthatshehadgonethere

12、thedaybefore.她说前一天她去了那儿.Shesaid,Illgotheretomorrow.她说：明天我将去那儿.tShesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.她说第二天她将去那儿.Hesaid,Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.他说：兰天前我妹妹在这JL.tHesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿.(heretthere;agotbefore)Shesaid,Iwillcomeherethisevening.她说：今晚我将来这儿.tShesaidthats

13、hewouldgotherethatevening.她说那晚她将去那儿.(cometgo;here-there;thistthat)以上这些变化,要根据说话de具体时间和具体地点de情况而定,不可机械照搬.如果就在当地转述,here就不必改为there,come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述,yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变.直接引语中de一般过去时如与一个具体de过去时间状语连用,间接引语de一般过去时时态不变.Fathersaid,I“amfreethisafternoon父亲说：我今天下午有空.tFathersaidthathewasfreethisaftern

14、oon.父亲说他今天下午有空.Hesaid,I“amgoingtheretomorrow.他说我明天去那里.Hesaidthathewasgoingtheretomorrow.他说他明天去那里.巧记:去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活,时态向后退一步,状语变化按规定.三、直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句,改为间接引语时,须将疑问句de语序改为陈述句de语序.其人称、时态等相应de变化同上.巧记：if(或whether)替引号,陈述语序要记牢.时态、人称和状语要变化,千万别把它忘掉1、直接引语是一般问句变为间接引语时,须用连接词whether或if将其引出,使其成为间接引语de宾语从句.如果

15、主句中de谓语动词为said,那么将其改为asked.如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语,可以加上一个间接宾语me,him,her,them,us等.Shesaid,Isyourfatheranengineer?她说：你父亲是工程师吗？tSheaskedmewhethermyfatherwasanengineer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师.TheteachersaidtoLiMing,Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?老师对李明说：你做完作业了吗？tTheteacheraskedLiMingwhetherhehadfinishedhishomework.老师问李明是否已做完作业

16、了.2、直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句,改为间接引语时,仍用特殊疑问句中de疑问词what,where,when,who,howmany作为连接词将其引出,构成间接引语中de宾语从句,但须将疑问式de动词改为陈述式.如果主句中de谓语动词为said,那么将其改为asked巧记：直接去引号,陈述语序莫忘掉.助动do(does)、did,要去掉.WhatdoyoudoeverySundaymorning?myfriendsaidtome.我de朋友问我说,每星期天上午你做什么？tMyfriendaskedmewhatIdideverySundaymorning.我de朋友问我每星期天上

17、午我做什么.Wherehaveyoubeen,LiMing?theteacherasked.老师问道：你上哪里去了,李明？tTheteacheraskedLiMingwherehehadbeen.老师问李明曾去过哪儿.Iaskedher,HowmanyEnglishbookswillyoureadnextterm?我问她说：下学期你将读多少本英语书？tIaskedherhowmanyEnglishbooksshewouldreadthenextterm.我问她下学期将读多少本英文书.Whendidyougetupthismorning?askedmyfather.我父亲问道：今天早晨你什么时候

18、起床de？tMyfatheraskedmewhenIhadgotupthatmorning.我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床de.注意：直接引语里是：Whatswrongwith?/Whatsthematter?/Whatsthetrouble?/Whathashappened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语de语序不变.HesaidtoherWhatsthematterwithyou?他问她你怎么了？Heaskedherwhatwasthematterwithher.他问她怎么了.四、直接引语是祈使句巧记：去掉引号要加to；ask,order须记住,直引假设是否认式,not加在to前部.转述祈

19、使句时,要使祈使句de动词原形变为带tode不定式,并在不定式de前面根据句子de意思加上tell、ask、order等动词,如果祈使句为否认式,在不定式de前面加not.如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时,就将please去掉.成为：told(asked,ordered,warned)someone(not)todosomething结构.Hesaid,Sitdown,please.他说：请坐.tHeaskedmetositdown.他让我坐下.Theteachersaid,Donttalkinclass!老师说：上课不要讲话！tTheteachertoldusnottotalk

20、inclass!老师要我们上课不要讲话.Thecaptainsaidtohismen,Fire!上尉对他de士兵们说丹火！tThecaptainorderedhismentofire.上尉命令他de士兵们开火！Thepolicemansaidtothechildren,Dontplayfootballinthemiddleofthestreet.警察对孩子们说：别在马路中间踢足球.tThepolicemanwarnedthechildrennottoplayfootballinthemiddleofthestreet.警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球.五、点击考点I. 改错：1. Hesai

21、dthatheisgoingtoLondon.2. Tomsaidtheyhadfinishedthejobyesterday.3.Sheaskedmedontsmokeintheroom.4. Theyaskedthathewasthere.5.Iaskedyouwherewashegoing.6. Theteachertoldusnottalkanymore.7. Thedoctorsaidtohiswife,Notwaitforme.8. HeaskedmewhoIam.9. Marysaidthatshewouldseeyoutomorrow.10. Motheraskedwhatth

22、ematterwas.11. 将以下句子改为间接引语1. Wherewillyougotomorrow?,Motheraskedme.2. Theoldwomansaidtome,Pleaselockthedoorforme.3. Theboytoldhisteacher,Wewenttoanexhibitionyesterday.4. Hesaid,I*llgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofminethisafternoon.5. Hello,howareyou?,hesaidtome.Tomsaidtomeangrily,Whydontyoutellmeyouh

23、avebeenherefortwoweeks?JohnsaidtoMary,DoyourememberIborrowedadiamondnecklacefromyou?6. TheteachersaidtoLiMing,Dontmakethesamemistakeagain.7. Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow?,Iaskedher.8. Thenursesaidtothechildren,Thesunrisesintheeast.9. 1.isTwas2.yesterdaytthedaybefore3.donttnotto4.thattifwashethewas6.

24、not后面加to7.NottDont8.amtwastomorrowthenextday10.wasthematterII. 1.MotheraskedmewhereIwouldgothenextday.1. Theoldwomanaskedmetolockthedoorforher.2. Theboytoldhisteacherthattheyhadgonetoanexhibitionthedaybefore.3. Hesaidthathewouldgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofhisthatafternoon.4. HeaskedmehowIwas.5. T

25、omaskedmeangrilywhyIdidnttellhimIhadbeentherefortwoweeks.6. JohnaskedMaryifsherememberedhehadborrowedadiamondnecklacefromher.7. TheteachertoldLiMingnottomakethesamemistakeagain.9.Iaskedherwhethershewasleavingthatdayorthenextday.10. Thenursetoldthechildrenthatthesunrisesintheeast.THANKS!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议,筹划案方案书,学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求欢送您de下载,资料仅供参考