人教版高中英语必修三Unit5 grammar+answer

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1、1.同位语从句含义同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分,其一般跟在一些抽象名词其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news 等等)后面后面,对名对名词作进一步解释说明。词作进一步解释说明。结构结构:n.+连接词连接词+从句从句同位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether 注注:1.同位语从句多用同位语从句多用that 引导引导;2.在在 have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句。I have no

2、 idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系

3、同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。对其内容作进一步说明。如：如：Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。今天下午不能来看你了。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。这个问题我们还没有决定。He must an

4、swer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。2.同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词 如果同位语从句意义完整如果同位语从句意义完整,则用则用that引导。引导。that不充当任何成分不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。只起连接作用。如：如：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。(the soldiers

5、should cross the river at once是是the order的全部内容的全部内容,且意义完整，因此应且意义完整，因此应用用that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句)如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加如果同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否是否”的含义的含义,则应该用则应该用whether引导。引导。如：如：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。注意注意:if不能引导同位语从句。不能引导同位语从句。如

6、果同位语从句意义不完整如果同位语从句意义不完整,需增加需增加“什么什么时候时候”、“什么地点什么地点”、“什么方式什么方式”等含义等含义,应该用应该用when,where,how等词引导。等词引导。如：如：I have no idea when Chaplins film will be on.我不知道卓别林的电影什么时候放映。我不知道卓别林的电影什么时候放映。I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.我记不清他是怎样回家的我记不清他是怎样回家的,或许是骑自行车或许是骑自行车回去的。回去的。当主句的谓语较短当主句的谓语较短,而同

7、位语从句较长时，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。同位语从句常后置。如：如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。他突然想到敌人可能已经逃出城了。Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.几年以后几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。视察他们。区分同位语从句和定语从句时区分同位语从句和定语从句时,可以在先行词可以在先行词与从句之

8、间加一个系动词与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个使之构成一个新句子新句子,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位则为同位语从句语从句,反之反之,则为定语从句。则为定语从句。如：如：The report that he was going to resign was false.他将辞职的传闻是假的。他将辞职的传闻是假的。本句中本句中,先行词与从句之间加上一个先行词与从句之间加上一个be后为：后为：The report was that he was going to resign.因为该句句意通顺因为该句句意通顺,所以所以that he was going to resi

9、gn是是同位语从句同位语从句。3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别I have heard the news that he visited our factory.I have heard the news that he told you the other day.同位语从句和定语从句简易区别法：同位语从句和定语从句简易区别法：1)同位语从句同位语从句that 只起连接作用只起连接作用,不作任何成分。不作任何成分。定语从句定语从句 that 是关系代词是关系代词,起连接作用和充当起连接作用和充当 宾语和主语。宾语和主语。2)同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是

10、同位关系同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系,对名词进行补充说明。对名词进行补充说明。定语从句定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系定从和前面的名词是所属关系,对名词进行修饰对名词进行修饰,加以限定。加以限定。3)同位语从句同位语从句that 不能省。不能省。定语从句定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时在从句中作宾语时,可以省。可以省。1)从词类上区别从词类上区别 同位语从句同位语从句前面的名词只能是前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,o

11、rder 等有一定内涵的名词等有一定内涵的名词,而而定语定语从句从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。一部分或是整个主句。He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon.Word came that he had been abroad.据说他已经出国了。据说他已经出国了。Our team has won the game,which made us very happy.我们的队赢了我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。这让我们很高兴。(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句

12、)2)2)从性质上区别从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性属于名词性从句的范畴从句的范畴,如如:The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句同位语从句,补充说明补充说明news到底是一个到底是一个 什么消息什么消息)The news that he tol

13、d me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句定语从句,news在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语)3)从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如有些引导词如how,whether,what 可以可以 引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。但不能引导定语从句。如如:That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句同位语从句)引

14、导词引导词that引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主在从句中一般作主语或宾语语或宾语(指物时还可以用指物时还可以用which代替代替),并且作并且作宾语时常常省略宾语时常常省略,that在同位语从句中仅起连接在同位语从句中仅起连接作用作用,不充当任何成分不充当任何成分,并且不能省略并且不能省略,也不能也不能用用which来代替来代替,如如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小

15、组的命令昨天收到了。昨天收到了。(同位语从句同位语从句,是对是对order的具体的具体解释解释,that虽不作成分虽不作成分,但不能省略但不能省略)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句定语从句,是名词是名词order的修饰语的修饰语,that在在从句中作从句中作received的宾语的宾语,可以省略可以省略)【例题

16、点击】【例题点击】Information has been put forward _more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 答案为答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是是information的的内容内容,且连接词在从句中不作成分且连接词在从句中不作成分,所以该句所以该句为同位语从句。为同位语从句。B2.It is said that more midd

17、le school graduates will be admitted into universities.This is the information _ has been put forward.A.what B.thatC.when D.as 答案为答案为B。that has been put forward为为information的修饰性定语的修饰性定语,且引导词在从句且引导词在从句中作主语中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。所以该句为定语从句。B3.He made another wonderful discovery,_ of great importance to science

18、.A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think which is A答案答案A。该题考查定语从句中加入插入语的。该题考查定语从句中加入插入语的用法用法,因插入语应位于引导词之后因插入语应位于引导词之后,所以所以D项项不对不对,B、C两项无法构成正确结构。两项无法构成正确结构。A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at

19、court.A.when B.where C.what D.that2.There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A.that B.which C.until D.if D考考你考考你A3.-Its thirty years since we last met.-But I still remember the story,believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night.A.which B.that C.what D.when 4.

20、I have no idea _ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./BA5.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./D.it 6.We havent settled the question _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A.if B.where C.whether D.thatBC判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1.They expressed the

21、 hope that they would come to visit China again.2.The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.4.I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句5.We expressed the hope

22、that they had expressed.6.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.7.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.8.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句For more

23、 exercises,click here.高考链接高考链接1.(10湖北湖北74)The news _(房价将要下跌房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)2.(09江西江西33)The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.what B.which C.that D.thoughthat the housingprice will fallC3.(

24、09四川四川7)News came from the school office _Wang Lin had beenadmitted to Beijing University.A.which B.what C.that D.where CFor more exercises,click here.Discovering useful structuresAnswers to exercise 1 on page 37:1.The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.2.Some people have

25、 the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days,but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.3.The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.Suggest answers to exercise 2 on page 37:The possibility that the weather in win

26、ter would be warmer pleased the Canadians.2.The idea that there will be an earthquake terrifies many people.3.The hope that we could go to France was exciting.4.The fact that more and more people settle down in Canada surprises me.5.The belief that the world is flat is not scientific.WorkbookDiscove

27、ring useful structures activeimpressiveexpensivefrostymistysmokyAnswers to exercise 1 on page 70hostessactresswaitresshearingspellingfeelingretellreplacerebuildAnswer key for exercise 2 on page 70On my first morning in Toronto,I woke up early.Looking through the _,I could just see the _ trees near t

28、he hotel entrance.The _ from the recent cold autumn nights was starting to turn the leaves bright red.After Liu Qian woke up,we went looking for a restaurant _.mistmaplefrostnearbyWe found a small place that had a _ with all kinds of great breakfast food.We sat in a small _ to eat,enjoying the amazi

29、ng _ of people around us and the different _ of conversation.We learned a lot about Canada just by watching and listening to the people at breakfast!buffetboothmixturetopicsAnswers to exercise 3 on page 70:At dawn,Dawn far,As far as in the distance,distance well,as well as manages,managed to do have

30、 a gift,have a gift for settled,settle down caught sight of,caught my eye rather,rather thanAnswers to exercise 4 on page 71 When I was young,going to sleep in the dark terrified me.2.According to tradition,the eagle is usually regarded as a symbol of courage.3.The traffic is always terrible downtow

31、n;it takes me approximately one hour to get home every day.4.The citys broad streets are lined with bushes and maple trees.Her clothes and behaviour confirmed my guess that she was really quite wealthy.6.Standing at the top of the tower,I found myself surrounded by some clouds.However,I could still

32、see the mountains in the distance.The beautiful scenery impressed me a lot.7.He has a gift for communication,so he managed to mix with all kinds of people in his job.8.As far as I know,there is a bank within a hundred metres of the bus stop.Using structures Answers to exercise 1 on page 71 His sugge

33、stion that we should take the train from west to east across Canada sounds very exciting.2.The idea that they decided to clone the first human being surprised many people at the meeting.3.He broke the rule that no one is allowed to smoke on campus.4.The Chinese basketball fans went wild with joy whe

34、n they heard the news that Yao Ming had collected forty points for the Houston Rockets in the game.5.Mary left a message with me for you that she wont be able to see you off this afternoon.6.There is no doubt that he is the right person for this job.7.In the letter he expressed his wish that he woul

35、d come and visit China again.8.The captain gave the order that all the soldiers had to reach the village before dawn.9.Not everyone present agrees to his thought that it is impossible to finish the work by the end of this month.Homework1.Find out the noun clauses which are used as the appositive in the reading passage.2.Summarize the rules of appositive clause.