优质建筑结构英语常用词汇

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1、总体设计General design设计根据Design basis建筑红线Building line建筑系数Coefficient of building occupation界区Battery limited有效面积Effective area使用面积Usable area构造面积Structural area建筑面积Building area建筑面积密度Density of building area竖向布置Vertical planning高程Altitude等高线Contour line相对标高Relative elevation绝对标高Absolute altitude地震基本烈度

2、Basic earthquake intensity抗震设防烈度Fortification intensity风玫瑰Wind rose建筑朝向Building orientation建筑间距Building distance公顷Hectare指北针North arrow测北Geophical north建北Plant north气象Meteorology日照Sunshine天然采光Natural lighting人工照明Artificant light; artificial illumination照度Degree of illumination通风Ventilation正压通风Positi

3、ve ventilating噪声Noise隔声Sound insulation吸声Sound absorption保温隔热Heat insulation露点Dewpoint冷桥Cold-bridge遮阳Sunshade恒温恒湿Constant temperature & constant humidity消声Noise elimination; noise reduction防振antivibration4.2 建筑一般词汇Conventional terms of architecture方案Scheme; draft草图Sketch透视图Perspective drawing建筑构图Arc

4、hitectural composition坐标Coordinate纵坐标Ordinate横坐标Abscissa跨度Span开关Bay进深Depth层高Floor height净高Clear height; headroom横数Module; modulus裙房Skirt building楼梯Stair梯段Stair slab楼梯平台Stair landing安全出口Safety exit疏散楼梯Escape staircase楼梯间Stair well封闭楼梯间Enclosure staircase防烟楼梯间Smoke prevention stair well消防电梯间Emergency

5、elevators well自动扶梯Escalator中庭Atrium疏散走道Escape corridor; escape way耐火级别Fire-resistive grade生产类别Classification of production耐火极限Duration of fire-resistance防火间距File-break distance泄压面积Area of pressure release闷顶Mezanine; mezzanine砖标号Grade of brick; strength of brick承重墙Bearing wall非承重墙Non-bearing wall挡土墙R

6、etaining wall填充墙Filler wall围护墙Curtain wall; cladding wall; enclosure wall女儿墙Parapet wall隔墙Partition（浴室、厕所）隔断Stall窗间墙Pier墙垛Pillar过梁Lintel圈梁Gird; girt; girth防潮层Damp-proof course勒脚Plinth横梁Transverse beam纵横Longitudinal wall山墙Gable; gable wall防火墙Fire wall压顶Coping勾缝Pointing砖砌平拱Brick flat arch预埋件Embedded i

7、nserts直抓梯Ladder栏杆Railing防腐蚀Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion化学溶蚀Chemical erosion膨胀腐蚀Expansion corrosion化学腐蚀Chemical corrosion电化学腐蚀Electro-chemical corrosion晶间腐蚀Intergranular corrosion气相腐蚀Gaseous corrosion液相腐蚀Liquidoid corrosion固相腐蚀Solid corrosion腐蚀裕度Allowance for corrosion锈蚀rusting4.3 建筑材料Building

8、materials级配砂石Graded sand & gravel素土夯实Rammed earth灰土Lime-soil素混凝土Plain concrete钢筋混凝土Reinforced concrete(R.C)细石混凝土Fine aggregate concrete轻质混凝土Lightweight concrete加气混凝土Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete陶粒混凝土Ceramsite concrete水泥膨胀珍珠岩Cement & expended pearlite岩棉Mineral wool; mine wool沥青asphalt卷材Felt玛蹄脂Asphalt

9、 mastic粘土砖Clay brick釉面砖Porcelain enamel brick空心砖Hollow brick砌块Block缸砖guarry brick锦砖mosac地面砖paving brick防滑地砖non-slip brick耐酸砖（板）acidbrick (acidtile)胶泥mastic粘土瓦Cloy tile玻璃瓦enamelled tile波形镀锌钢板galvanized corrugate steel sheet玻璃钢瓦glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile彩色压型钢（铅）板coloured corrugate steel (alum

10、inium) plat;profiuing coloured stccl (aluminium) plat石棉水泥瓦ashestos-cement sheet水磨石terrajjo水刷石granite plaster花岗石granite磨光花岗石polished granite剁斧石artificial stone大理石marble水泥砂浆抹面cement plaster石灰砂浆抹面lime plaster水泥石灰砂浆抹面cement-lime plaster刀灰打底hemp-cut and lime as base原木Log方木square timber板材plank胶合板plywood三夹

11、板3plywood五夹板5plywood平板玻璃flat glass浮法玻璃float-process glass磨砂玻璃ground glass; frosted glass起 玻璃prism glass夹丝玻璃Wire glass夹层玻璃sandwich glass中空玻璃hollow glass钢化玻璃reinforced glass镀膜玻璃coating glass有机玻璃organic glass4.4 建筑构造及配件Building construction & component铺砌paving地坪grade基层bedding素土夯实rammed earth垫层base结合层bo

12、nding course面层Covering隔离层insulation course活动地板raising floor; movable floor; access floor篦子板grating地面提示块ground prompt遮阳板sunshade窗套Window moulding护角curb guard防水层water-proof course找平层Leveling course隔热层heat insulation course保温层thermal insulation course檩条purlin天窗skylight天棚ceiling吊顶suspending ceiling吊顶龙骨c

13、eiling joist雨水口drain gulley水斗Lead head雨水管Leader; downspout天沟Valley挑檐overhanging eave檐口eave泛水flashing分水线watershed檐沟eave gutter汇水面积catchment area雨罩canopy散水apron坡道ramp台阶entrance steps保温门thermal insulation door隔声门（窗）sound insulation door (window);acoustical door (window)防火门（窗）fire door (window)冷藏门freeze

14、r door安全门exit door防护门（窗）protection door (window)屏蔽门（窗）Shield door (window)防风砂门radiation resisting door (window)密闭门（窗）weather tight door泄压门（窗）pressure release door (window)壁柜门closet door变压器间门transformer room door围墙门gate车库门garage door保险门safe door引风门ventilation door检修门access door平开门（窗）side-hung door推拉门

15、（窗）sliding door弹簧门swing door折迭门folding door卷帘门rolling door转门revolving door夹板门plywood door拼板门FLB door (framed, Ledged and battened door);matchboard door实拼门solid door镶板门panel door镶玻璃门glazed door玻璃门glass door钢木门steel & wooden door百页门shutter door连窗门door with side window传递窗delivery window观测窗observation w

16、indow换气窗vent sast上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗center-pivoted window下悬窗bottom-hung window立转窗vertically pivoted window固定窗fixed window单层窗single window双层窗double window百页窗shutter带形窗continuous window子母扇窗attached sash window组合窗composite window落地窗French window玻璃幕墙glazed curtain wall门（窗）框door (window) frame拼樘料transo

17、m （横），mullion （竖）门（窗）扇door (window) leaf(平开窗扇 casement sash)纱扇screen sash亮子transom, fanlight门心板pancl披水板weather board贴脸板trim筒子板Lining窗台板sill plate防护铁栅barricade; iron grille; grating合页butts; hinges; butt hinges执手knob撑档catch滑道sliding track插销bolt拉手pull推板push plate门锁mortice lock; door lock执手锁mortice lock

18、 with knob4.5 建筑构造Building structure4.5.1 荷载Load活荷载Live load静荷载，恒载Dead load静力荷载Static load移动荷载Moving load动力荷载Dynamic load冲击荷载impact load附加荷载Superimposed load规定荷载（又称原则荷载）Specified Load集中荷载Concentrated Load分布荷载Distributed Load设计荷载Design Load轴向荷载Axial Load偏心荷载Eccentric Load风荷载Wind Load风力、风压Wind force、W

19、ind Pressure雪荷载Snow Load屋面积灰荷载Roof ash Load（吊车）最大轮压Maximum Wheel Load吊车荷载Crane Load安装荷载Erection Load施工荷载Construction Load不对称荷载Unsymmetrical Loading反复荷载Repeated Load刚性荷载Rigid Load柔性荷载Flexible Load临界荷载Critical Load容许荷载Admissible Load, Allowable Load safe Load极限荷载Ultimate Load条形荷载Strip Load破坏荷载Failure

20、Load, Load at failure地震荷载Seismic Load; Earthquake load荷载组合Combination of load4.5.2 地基和基本Soil and foundation地基(Bed)soil天然地基Natural ground人工地基Artificial ground混凝土基本Concrete foundation; Concrete footing毛石基本Rubble masonry footing;(Rubble) stone footing砖基本Brickwork footing桩基本Pile foundation设备基本Equipment

21、foundation机器基本Machine foundation独立基本Individual footing, Isolated foundationPad foundation联合基本Combined footing大块式基本Massive foundation条形基本Strip foundation; Strip footingStrap footing; Continuous footing方形基本Square footing杯形基本Footing socket板式基本Slab-foundation; Mat footing阶梯形基本Stepped foundation; Benched

22、 foundation(Stepped footing)扩展基本spread footing扩底基本Under-reamed foundation浮伐基地Raft foundation; Buoyant foundationFloating foundation沉箱（井）基本Caisson foundation构架式基本Frame foundation深基本Deep foundation基本Footing Foundation基槽Foundation ditch; Foundation trench基坑Foundation pit基本板Foundation slab基本梁Foundation

23、beam Footing beam基本底面Foundation base基本底板Foundation mat基本垫层Foundation-bed基本埋置深度Depth of embedment foundation地下持续墙Undelground continuous wall打桩Pile driving打桩机Pile engine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine钢桩Steel pile水桩Wood pile; Timber pile钢筋混凝土桩Reinforced concrete pile砂桩Sand pile石灰桩Lime pile; Lime column; Qu

24、icklime pile单桩Single pile群桩Pile group; Pile cluster斜桩Batter pile预制桩precast pile灌注桩In-situ pile; Cast-in-place pileCast-in-situ pile; Filling pile板桩sheet pile拆密桩Compaction pile挤密砂桩Sand compaction pile灰土挤密桩Line-soil compaction pile钻孔桩Bored pile打入桩Driuen pile摩擦桩Friction pile; Buoyant pile端承桩End bearing

25、 pile; Point bearing pile;Column pile (柱桩）支承桩Bearing pile抗拔桩Tension pile; Uplift pile;抗滑桩Anti-slicle pile桩承台Pile cap桩帽Pile cap; pile couel桩头Pile crown; pile head桩端Pile tip桩身Pile shaft桩距Pile spacing桩钢筋笼Pile cage试桩Test pile桩荷载实验Pile load test桩旳动荷载实验Dynamic load test of pile桩旳侧向荷载实验Lateral pile load te

26、st桩旳极限荷载Ultimate pile load桩承载能力Pile capacity; Bearing capacity of a pileCarrying capacity of a pile土压力Earth pressure积极土压力Active earth pressure被动土压力Passive earth pressure静止土压力Earth pressure at rest容许地耐力Allowable bearing strength冰冻深度Frozen depth; Frost depth;Frost penetration depth of frost penetratio

27、n防冻深度Frost-proof depth粘土类土Clayey soil轻亚粘土Sandy loam亚粘土Sandy clay; Loam砂质土Sandy soil砂砾石Sandy gravel stratum膨胀土Expansive soil硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层Hard pan液限Liquid limit塑限Plastic limit塑料指数Index of plasticity松软土Mellow soil; spongy soil回填土Backfill Refilling杂填土Miscellaneous fill地表水Surface water;地下水Groundwater地下水位Gr

28、oundwater eltualion;Groundwater level; Groundwater table容重Unit weight干容重Dry unit weight湿容重Wet unit weight饱和容重Saturated unit weight不均匀沉降Unequal settlement;Differential settlement地基解决Ground treatment地基加固Ground stabilization; soil improvement土质查勘Soil exploration地质勘察Geological exploration沉陷Settlement倾斜o

29、bliquity; Inclination滑移Sliding夯实土Compacted soil夯实填土Compacted fill夯实回填土Tamped backfill夯实分层厚度Compacted lift持力层Bearing stratum; Supporting; Course管道与基本相碰Pipeline interferes with foundation4.5.3 一般构造用语Terms for general structures建筑构造Building structure建筑物Building构造形式Structural type混凝土（砼）构造Concrete struct

30、ure砌体构造Masonry structure砖砌构造Brick structure石砌构造Stone structure砖砼构造Brick and concrete structure钢构造Steel structure构造型钢Shape steel木构造Timber structure组合构造Composite structure框架构造Frame structure梁板构造Beam and slab structure构件Member承重构件Load-bearing member构造构件Structure member肋形屋盖Ribbed roof肋形楼板Ribbed floor sl

31、ab无梁楼板Flat plate; Flat slab桁架；屋架Truss; Roof truss三角形屋（桁）架Triangular truss梯形屋（桁）架Trapezoidal truss拱形屋架Arch roof truss折线形屋架Segmental roof truss弓形桁架Bowstring truss框架Frame排架Bent frame刚架Rigid frame门架Portal frame抗风构架Wind frame抗震构架Aseismic frame梁Beam; Girder大梁Girder主梁Principal beam; Primary beam次梁Secondary

32、 beam加腋梁Haunched beam筒支梁Simply beam固端梁Fixed beam悬臂梁Cantilever beam持续梁Continuous beam托梁Spandrel圈梁girth过梁Lintel曲梁Curved beam bow beam基本梁Foundation beam吊车梁Crane girderT形梁T-beam柱Column组合柱Combination column立柱Post吊车柱Crane column抗风柱End panel column墙wall板slab plate承重墙Bearing walls柱网Column grid支撑系统Brace syst

33、em柱间支撑Portal bracing between columns屋石支撑Roof bracing垂直支撑Vertical bracing水平支撑Horizontal bracing剪刀撑Cross bracing临时顶撑,支撑Shoring桁架式支撑Trussed bracing斜撑Kneel-brace上弦Top chord下弦Bottom chord节间Panel节点Panel point压杆Compression member; strut拉杆Tension member; Tie-beam腹杆Web member斜杆Diagonal member斜腹杆Diagonal web

34、member吊杆Hanged rod; sag rod系杆，拉杆Tie bar; sag rod天窗架Skylight frame天窗Monitor; Skylight托座、牛腿Bracket檀条Purlin连接Connection接点Joint铰接点Hinged point固接点Fixed Joint安装接点Erection joint拼接接点Splice joint节点板、连接板Gusset plate; connecting plate加劲板Stiffener plate支撑板Bearing plate填隙板Filler plate梁柱接头Beam-column connections截

35、面Cross section拱Arch壳Shell伸缩缝Expansion joint沉降缝Settlement joint施工缝Construction joint防震缝Aseismic joint4.5.4 构造理论用语Terms for theory of slructuresa) 设计措施术语Terms for design method构造设计Structure design按极限强度设计Ultimate strength design按许可应力设计Working stress design按承载能力设计Loading capacity design按稳定性设计Design acco

36、rding to stability按变形设计Design according to deformation构造分析Structural analysis构造计算Structural calculation静定构造Statically determinate structures超静定构造Statically indeterminste structures精确计算Rigorous calculation近似计算Approximate calculation安全级别Safety classes极限状态Limit states摩擦系数Coefficient of friction质量密度Mass

37、 density重力密度Weight (Force) densityb) 构造旳作用效应术语轴向力Normal force剪力Shear force弯矩Bending moment扭矩Torque水平推力Horizontal thrust水平拉力Horizontal pull水平（垂直）分力Horizontal (vertical) component合力Resultant正应力Normal stress剪应力Shear stress主应力Principal stress次应力Secondary stress预应力Prestress位移Displacement挠度Deflection变形Def

38、ormation弯曲Bending; Flexure扭转Torsionc) 材料性能、构造抗力术语Terms of property of material and resistamle of structure抗力Resistancc抵御力矩Resistante moment强度Strength刚度Stiffness; Rigidity抗裂度Crack resistance抗压强度Compressiue strength抗拉强度Tensile strength抗剪强度Shear strength抗变强度Flcxural strength抗扭强度Torsional strength抗裂强度Cr

39、acking strength屈服强度Yield strength疲劳强度Fatigue strength弹性模量Modulus of elasticity剪切模量Shear modulus变形模量Modulus of deformation稳定性Stabilith泊松比Poisson ratiod) 几何参数术语Terma of geometry parameter截面高度Height of section截面有效高度Effective depth of section载面宽度Breadth of section截面厚度Thickness of section截面面积Area of sect

40、ion截面面积矩First moment of area截面惯性矩Second moment of area截面抵御矩模量规范中用词Section modulus回转半径Radius of gyration偏心距eccentricity长度Length跨度Span矢高Rvse长细比Slenderness ratio4.5.5 砖石构造Masonry construction砖砌体Brickwork砌筑Laying砖标号Grade of brick; Strength of brick毛石砌体Rubble masonry毛石砼砌体Grouted rubble masonry水泥砂浆Cement

41、mortar石灰砂浆Lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆cement-lime mortar砂浆找平Mortar leveling4.5.6 钢筋砼构造Reinforced concrete structure素混凝土Plain concrete钢筋混凝土Reinforced concrete预应力砼Prestressed concrete砼标号Grade of concrete钢号Grade of steel整体式构造Monolithic structure装配式构造Assembled structure预制构件Precast element; Fabricated element现浇Cast

42、-in-site; Placed-in-site灌溉砼Concreting; Costion; Pouring; Placing一次灌溉At one pouring分二次灌溉Pours in two operations二次灌浆Final grouting钢筋保护层Reinforcement protective course模板Formwork; shuttering拆模Form stripping预埋件Embedded inserts预留槽（洞）Groove (Hole) to be provided垫层Bedding course找平层Leveling course; Trowellin

43、g course4.5.7 配筋Reinforcement配筋率Percentage of reinforcement主筋Main reinforlement分布筋Distributing reinforcement腹筋Web reinforcement开口箍筋U-stirrups闭口箍筋Closed stirrups环筋Hoops弯起钢筋Bent-up bar附加钢筋Additional reinforcement搭接接头Lapped splice焊接接头Welded splice钢筋间距Spacing of reinforcement吊筋Suspender双向配筋Two-way reinf

44、orced螺旋筋Spiral bar温度筋Temperature reinforcement锚固长度Anchor length埋入长度Built-in length螺孔直径Diameter of bolt hole螺孔中心线Center line of bolt hole锚栓、地脚螺栓Anchor bolt基本螺栓Foundation bolt安装螺栓Erection bolt一般螺栓Common bolt高强螺栓High strength bolt4.5.8 焊接Welding电弧焊Electric arc welding气焊，氧乙炔焊Gas welding; oxy-acetylene w

45、elding焊条Welding electrode; Welding-rod手工焊Manual welding自动焊Automatic welding车间焊接Shop-welding现场焊接（工地焊接）Field-welded满焊Full weld搭接焊Lap weld贴角焊Fillet weld点焊Spot weld对接焊Butt weld仰焊Overhead weld双面贴角焊Flat fillet weld in front and back持续贴角焊Continuous fillet weld间断贴角焊Intermittent fillet weld安装焊缝Erection weld单V形对接焊Single V butt weld双V形对接焊Double V butt weld4.5.9 特种构造Special structures水塔Water tower高烟筒Tall chimney冷却水塔Cooling tower油罐Oil tank蓄水池Water reservoir管廊Pipe rack管架Pipe support球罐Spherical tank裂解炉cracking furnace起重机、吊车Crane; Hoist