英语时态8种基本时态讲解完善版

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1、英语时态8种基本时态解说一概念：英语中表达不同步间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表达，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。二种类：（基本时态）一般目前时一般过去时目迈进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时目前完毕时过去完毕时三用法：1一般目前时：1）一般目前时表达常常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。一般目前时常以动词原形表达，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾加-s或-es。2）句型构造：主语.（涉及be动词）宾语She is an engineer.He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3）注意：a)一般目前时一般与always , often

2、, usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等时间状语连用。I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .They go home once a week .We usually do our homework at home .b)表客观现实或普遍真理。The sun always rises in the east .The light travels faster than the sound .c)表永远性的动作或状态。He lives in the country .4）第三人称单数变化形式。a

3、)一般状况动词在词尾加-s .come-comes speak-speaks work-works live-livesb)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.do-does go-goes finish-finishes brush-brushes fix-fixes pass-passes watch-watchesc)以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.Study-studies carry-carries cry-criesd)以“元音字母y”结尾的单词直接加-s.play-plays stay-stays例句：我们每天晚上九点做作业。我在早上七点半起床。

4、她每天七点去上班。我们常常下午打篮球。她喜欢音乐。地球环绕太阳转。火车六点出发。5）否认句和疑问句。a)-He is an engineer.-He isnt an engineer.-Is he an engineer?-Yes, he is ./ No, he isnt.b)-We get up at 7:30 in the morning .-We dont get up at 7:30 in the morning .-Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?-Yes, we do. / No, we dont.c)-He likes music.-

5、He doesnt like music.-Does he like music?-Yes ,he does./ No, he doesnt .2一般过去时1）一般过去时表达发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，一般与表达过去的时间状语yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等连用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw a film last night .2）句型构造：主语.过去时宾语例句：昨天她很忙。去年她抽烟了。两年前她去参军

6、了。她在1990年去世了。3）否认句和疑问句。a)-He was busy yesterday.-He wasnt busy.-Was he busy?-Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.b)-He smoked last year.-He didnt smoke last year.-Did he smoke last year?-Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt.c)-He joined the army in 1990.-He didnt joined the army in 1990.-Did he join the army in 1990?-

7、Yes ,he did ./No ,he didnt.4）动词过去式变化规则。a)一般状况下的词加-ed.work-worked call-called laugh-laughed Explain-explained finish-finished knock-knockedb)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d .live-lived change-changed smoke-smoked die-diedgraduate-graduated drive-drovec)以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed.study-studied carry-carried cry-cried

8、try-tried marry-marriedd)以“元音字母y”结尾的单词直接加-ed.play-played stay-stayede)以“一种元音字母一种辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed.stop-stopped plan-planned pat-pattedf)动词不规则变化：do-did go-went come-came run-ran write-wrotebegin-began drink-drank keep-kept leave-left sleep-sleptmake-made lie-lay dig-dug eat-ate know-knew cu

9、t-cut set-set let-let read-read hurt-hurt例句：我前天拿走了这本书。去年我买了一辆自行车。每天晚上我听音乐。她一般待在家里。两天前我完毕了这项工作。复习：1) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.2) He (be) a student now.3) He (do) his homework at home every day.4) They (join) the Party in 1998.5) We (not eat) apples yesterday.6) We (not play) basketball every day.

10、7) He (not go ) home once a week.8) I am 16 years old. (划线部分提问)9) I go to work at 8:00 every morning. (划线部分提问)10) They joined the Party in 1990. (划线部分提问)11) I went to Beijing last year. (划线部分提问)3一般将来时1)表达将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等连用。2)

11、句型构造：主语will/shallV.原形（第一人称用shall）I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.They will have a meeting next week.-She will be 20 years old.-Will she be 20 years old?-Yes, she will./ No, she wont .3)主语will/shallV.原形be(am, is, are)going to They will have a meeting next Sunday.(will=are going to )-What will they do

12、 next Sunday ?-When will they have a meeting?4) be about toV.原形I am about to leave school.不能与表达时间的副词连用。They are about to set out.()They are about to set out soon.() 复习题：1.He (do) his homework at school every day.2.They (finish) their work yesterday.3.We (visit) their farm next year.4.我半小时后要吃午饭。5.她将骑

13、自行车去学校。6.她们下周日将去买汽车。4过去将来时1）过去将来时是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或状态。重要用于宾语从句中。2）基本构造：主语+would/should was/were going to +V.原形+He said that he would have a meeting next week.(He says that he will nave a meeting next week.)They said we should leave school tomorrow.(They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)5目迈进

14、行时1)目迈进行时表达目前或目前这段时间正在进行的动作。一般与now, at present 等时间状语连用。2)基本构造：主语+be(am, is, are)+ v-ing +You are listening to me carefully now.She is writing a letter this year.Look! They are dancing.We are studying English at present .Its raining hard now.3）动词目前分词的构成 一般动词直接在词后加-ingdo doing read - readingwork worki

15、ng think thinkingstudy studying go goingwatch watching jump - jumping 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加 inglike liking take takingleave leaving live livingreceive receiving dance dancingcome coming smoke smokingwrite - writing 以“一种元音字母 + 一种辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ingstop stopping begin beginningdig diggin

16、g swim swimmingrun running sit sitting(注意：listen listening open opening eat eating rain raining sleep - sleeping)4)6 过去进行时1） 表达过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作， 一般与 at 6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday, when 引导的时间状语等连用。2） 基本构造 主语+be (was/were) +v- ing +1. It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterda

17、y.2. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3. We were reading when the teacher came in.We werent readingWere you readingWhat were you doing when the teacher came in.3) 例句 1. 前天那个时候Tom 正在看电影。2. 上周日四点我们正在游泳。3.师看见我们时我们正在玩扑克。4. I _ (do) my homework yesterday.5. He _ (do) his homework a

18、t 5:00 yesterday.6. He _ (do) his homework now.7.目前完毕时1） 1. 表达过去发生的动作对目前导致的影响2表达过去某时间已经开始始终持续到目前的动作或状态一般与下列时间状语连用 up to now, in the past, recently, by , for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just2) 基本构造 主语+ have/has + P.P(动词过去分词)1. Ive finished this work.2. He has ever been to Austral

19、ia.3. I have not heard from her recently.4. I have already read this book.Have you read?Yes, I have. No, I havent.What have you read?3) 过去分词的构成 （规则变化同过去式的构成）不规则变化如下 do did done go went goneeat ate eaten come came comehave had hadwrite wrote writtenbe was/were beensee saw seenhear heard heardswim swa

20、m swumdrink drank drunk give gave givenforget forgot forgottentake took takenkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptteach taught taughtbuy bought bought tell told told make made madecut cut cut hurt hurt hurtread read read let let let4） 注意1. 具有终结意义或暂短意义的动词不能与 for, since 引导的一般时间状语连用。（buy, begin, die, come, g

21、o , join, leave 等）A) I have bought a book.I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)I have had a book for 3 years.B) He have joined the army for 3 years. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.C) He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years since he

22、died.He has died for 2 years. (wrong)D) He has gone to Australia.He has been to Australia.2. 目前完毕时与一般过去时的区别 （时间状语的区别）I _ (hear) form her recently / yesterday.3. 例句：她已经阅读了这本书。我们到目前为止已学习了两千个单词。她们居住在中国三年了。她看这部电影两次了。Bob 自从 1997 年在这所学校教学。8.过去完毕时1） 表达动作发生在过去某一时间之前已经完毕的动作或状态， 强调“过去的过去”， 常与 by the time, by

23、the end of,before , by 等引导时间的状语连用。也就是用来表达发生在过去的两个事件 动作中哪一种发生在前2） 基本构造 主语+ had + 动词过去分词 + When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already.昨天当我达到电影院时电影已经开始了。He had learned English before he came here.她来这儿之前已经学会英语了。He had aught this class for 3 years by the time I left the school.当我离开这个学校

24、为止 她已教这个班级三年了。By the end of last term I had learned English words.到这学期末我已学会了 个英语单词。注意: had been 是延续性动词，与段时间连用；had是非延续性动词，与点时间连用。I had been working in london for one year before you came hereI had work in london before you came here.时态部分总复习题 I. Fill in the blanks.1. We usually get (get ) up at 7:00 e

25、very morning.(2. She was watching (watch) TV when she heard a loud knock at the door this time yesterday.3. My mother will come (come) here tomorrow.4. Look ! Some one are dancing (dance) there.5. Wei Huas brother joined (join) the army in 1995.6. He writes(write) a letter this afternoon.7. Rice gro

26、ws(grow) in the south of China.8. She said would going(go) to Japan next year.9. We had studied(study) 2,000 words since we came to the school.10. By the end of last term he has teaching(teach) that class for 2 years.II. Translation(1) 我每天早上7 点一般打篮球。(2) 昨天我去游泳了。(3) 昨天她说她们将于后天去参观长城。(4) 我们将在下学期学习俄语。(5

27、) 她目前正在玩游戏。(6) 去年冬天这个时候她们正在盖房子。(7) 我居住在山东20 年了。(8) 到上月末为止她工作十年了。欢迎您的光顾，Word文档下载后可修改编辑.双击可删除页眉页脚.谢谢！但愿您提出您珍贵的意见，你的意见是我进步的动力。赠语； 1、如果我们做与不做都会有人笑，如果做不好与做得好还会有人笑，那么我们索性就做得更好，来给人笑吧！ 2、目前你不玩命的学，后来命玩你。3、我不懂得年少轻狂，我只懂得胜者为王。4、不要做金钱、权利的奴隶；应学会做“金钱、权利”的主人。5、什么时候离光明近来？那就是你觉得黑暗太黑的时候。6、最值得欣赏的风景，是自己奋斗的足迹。7、压力不是有人比你努力，而是那些比你牛几倍的人仍然比你努力。