新材料概论-生物材料

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1、Huazhong University of Science&Technology2022年7月31日1Huazhong University of Science&Technology2Huazhong University of Science&Technology3Huazhong University of Science&Technology4Huazhong University of Science&Technology5Huazhong University of Science&Technology6指用于替代、指用于替代、修复组织器官修复组织器官的天然或人造的天然或人造材料

2、。材料。Huazhong University of Science&Technology7假肢假肢骨钉骨板骨钉骨板人造髋关节人造髋关节Huazhong University of Science&Technology8Huazhong University of Science&Technology9带药涂层心血管支架带药涂层心血管支架经过膨胀后的带药支架经过膨胀后的带药支架带药涂层在带药涂层在 0.9%NaCl溶液中的药物释放溶液中的药物释放Huazhong University of Science&Technology10Huazhong University of Science&T

3、echnology11Huazhong University of Science&Technology12牙修复牙修复假体硅胶假体硅胶Huazhong University of Science&Technology1314Huazhong University of Science&Technology15BiomaterialsBiological MaterialsBiomedical MaterialsHuazhong University of Science&Technology16世 界 上 第 一 把世 界 上 第 一 把100%可降解伞，可降解伞，使用特殊的生物降使用特殊的

4、生物降解材料制成解材料制成Huazhong University of Science&Technology17纳米机器人在清理血管中的有害堆积物纳米机器人在清理血管中的有害堆积物Huazhong University of Science&Technology18OMOM胶囊内镜系统胶囊内镜系统Huazhong University of Science&Technology19Huazhong University of Science&Technology20Huazhong University of Science&Technology21Huazhong University of

5、 Science&Technology22Huazhong University of Science&Technology23Huazhong University of Science&Technology24Huazhong University of Science&Technology25Huazhong University of Science&Technology26Huazhong University of Science&Technology人体的人体的“发动机发动机”27Huazhong University of Science&Technology 心脏是一个强壮的

6、、不知疲倦、努力工作的强力泵。心脏之于身体，如同发动机之于汽车。如果按一个人心脏平均每分钟跳70次、寿命70岁计算的话，一个人的一生中，心脏就要跳动近26亿次。一旦心脏停止跳动而通过抢救不能复跳，那就意味着，一个人的生命终止了。人体的人体的“发动机发动机”28Huazhong University of Science&Technology 心脏的跳动定义着人类生命的存在，可以说是人类的生命之根。心脏病是人类健康的头号杀手。全世界1/3的人口死亡是因心脏病引起的，而我国，每年有几十万人死于心脏病。人体的人体的“发动机发动机”29Huazhong University of Science&Te

7、chnology心脏病与冠心病心脏病与冠心病 心脏病（heart disease）：是心脏疾病的总称，包括缺血性心脏病、风湿性心脏病、高血压性心脏病、先天性心脏病、心肌炎等各种心脏病。30Huazhong University of Science&Technology心脏病与冠心病心脏病与冠心病 冠心病全称：冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病。冠心病定义：是指冠状动脉粥样硬化使血管腔狭窄或阻塞，导致心肌缺血缺氧或坏死而引起的心脏病。又名缺血性心脏病。冠心病，是一种最常见的心脏病。31Huazhong University of Science&Technology冠心病图片冠心病图片32Huazhon

8、g University of Science&Technology冠心病的治疗冠心病的治疗 目前，冠心病的治疗分为药物治疗、外科手术和介入治疗三大类。药物治疗-基础 外科手术-传统 介入治疗-新型33Huazhong University of Science&Technology支架与搭桥支架与搭桥 搭桥：就是在冠状动脉狭窄的近端和远端搭桥：就是在冠状动脉狭窄的近端和远端之间建立一条通道，使血液绕过狭窄部位之间建立一条通道，使血液绕过狭窄部位而到达远端。这种手术称为冠状动脉旁路而到达远端。这种手术称为冠状动脉旁路移植术，是在充满动脉血的主动脉根部和移植术，是在充满动脉血的主动脉根部和缺血心

9、肌之间建立起一条畅通的路径，犹缺血心肌之间建立起一条畅通的路径，犹如如在在山壑江河山壑江河之上搭起之上搭起一座一座大大桥桥而而畅通无畅通无阻一样，因此有人形象地将其称为在心脏阻一样，因此有人形象地将其称为在心脏上架起了上架起了“桥梁桥梁”，俗称，俗称“搭桥搭桥”。34Huazhong University of Science&Technology 搭桥图片搭桥图片35Huazhong University of Science&Technology支架与搭桥支架与搭桥 血管支架：一种用金属等材料制成的血管内支撑体，它具有良好的可塑性和几何稳定性，送达血管中重度狭窄的病变部位后可以起到支撑血管

10、、保障血液畅通流动的作用。36Huazhong University of Science&Technology血管支架图片血管支架图片37Huazhong University of Science&Technology血管支架的应用与开发血管支架的应用与开发 随着治疗冠心病的方法日益完善，创伤小随着治疗冠心病的方法日益完善，创伤小的支架治疗成为很多心脏病患者的首选。的支架治疗成为很多心脏病患者的首选。目前常用于制作支架的材料有目前常用于制作支架的材料有医用医用不锈钢不锈钢、金属金属钽钽及及镍钛合金镍钛合金等。等。镁合金支架镁合金支架的研制已成为血管支架开发的的研制已成为血管支架开发的重点项

11、目。重点项目。38Huazhong University of Science&Technology血管支架的植入方法血管支架的植入方法 通常支架被安装在球囊导管上，通过球囊通常支架被安装在球囊导管上，通过球囊导管输送到血管病变处，由压力泵注入液导管输送到血管病变处，由压力泵注入液体使球囊扩张，进而撑开支架及病变狭窄体使球囊扩张，进而撑开支架及病变狭窄处的血管，撤出球囊导管，支架永久置于处的血管，撤出球囊导管，支架永久置于病变处，达到扩张狭窄血管病变处，达到扩张狭窄血管、保持管腔血保持管腔血流通畅的目的。流通畅的目的。39Huazhong University of Science&Techn

12、ology球囊的工作过程球囊的工作过程40Huazhong University of Science&Technology血管支架的介入过程血管支架的介入过程41Huazhong University of Science&Technology血管支架介入前后的对比血管支架介入前后的对比42Huazhong University of Science&Technology血管支架介入前后的对比血管支架介入前后的对比43Huazhong University of Science&Technology心脏病高发人群心脏病高发人群 年龄大于45岁的男性、大于55岁的女性 吸烟者 高血压患者 糖尿

13、病患者 高胆固醇血症患者 有家族遗传病史者 肥胖者 缺乏运动或工作紧张者44Huazhong University of Science&Technology心脏病认识的三个误区心脏病认识的三个误区 瘦人不会得心脏病瘦人不会得心脏病 -引发心脏病的因素很多引发心脏病的因素很多 不吃肉就不会得心脏病不吃肉就不会得心脏病 -荤素菜搭配、粗细粮结合荤素菜搭配、粗细粮结合 预防心脏病是中老年人的事预防心脏病是中老年人的事 -许多心脏病患者在儿童时期许多心脏病患者在儿童时期在动脉血管在动脉血管 内壁上会出现一些紫色条纹，就是日后内壁上会出现一些紫色条纹，就是日后 形成动脉粥样硬化斑块的基础。形成动脉粥样

14、硬化斑块的基础。45Huazhong University of Science&Technology预防心脏病预防心脏病 大家要牢记大家要牢记 减肥减肥-平衡饮食和锻炼平衡饮食和锻炼 少吃蛋黄少吃蛋黄-胆固醇高胆固醇高 多运动多运动-快走的效果最好快走的效果最好 戒烟戒烟-戒烟戒烟23年后年后风险正常风险正常 注意饮食注意饮食-低脂低脂饮食饮食 适量饮酒适量饮酒-1周喝周喝39杯酒杯酒为宜为宜 当心糖尿病当心糖尿病-糖尿病糖尿病患者患者是是普通人普通人的的4倍。倍。控制情绪控制情绪特别是突发事件特别是突发事件46Huazhong University of Science&Technolog

15、y47Huazhong University of Science&Technology48Huazhong University of Science&Technology49Huazhong University of Science&Technology50Huazhong University of Science&Technology51Huazhong University of Science&Technology52Huazhong University of Science&Technology53Huazhong University of Science&Technolo

16、gy54Huazhong University of Science&Technology55Huazhong University of Science&Technology56材料与活体间相互作用材料与活体间相互作用宿主反应宿主反应材料反应材料反应Huazhong University of Science&Technology57Huazhong University of Science&Technology58Huazhong University of Science&Technology59Huazhong University of Science&Technology60Hu

17、azhong University of Science&Technology61Huazhong University of Science&Technology62Huazhong University of Science&Technology63Huazhong University of Science&Technology64Huazhong University of Science&Technology652.1.4 2.1.4 生物医学材料的分类生物医学材料的分类Huazhong University of Science&Technology66(1)(1)、无机生物医学材

18、料、无机生物医学材料(2)(2)、金属及合金生物医学材料、金属及合金生物医学材料(3)(3)、高分子生物医学材料、高分子生物医学材料(4)(4)、复合生物医学材料、复合生物医学材料(5)(5)、生物功能材料、生物功能材料2.1.4 2.1.4 生物医学材料的分类生物医学材料的分类 A A、按材料化学组份划分、按材料化学组份划分Huazhong University of Science&Technology672.1.4 2.1.4 生物医学材料的分类生物医学材料的分类 A A、按材料化学组份划分、按材料化学组份划分Huazhong University of Science&Technolo

19、gy68Huazhong University of Science&Technology69Huazhong University of Science&Technology70Huazhong University of Science&Technology71Huazhong University of Science&Technology72 A A、按材料化学组份划分、按材料化学组份划分Huazhong University of Science&Technology73 A A、按材料化学组份划分、按材料化学组份划分Huazhong University of Science&Te

20、chnology74Huazhong University of Science&Technology75Huazhong University of Science&Technology76Huazhong University of Science&Technology77Huazhong University of Science&Technology78Huazhong University of Science&Technology79Huazhong University of Science&Technology80Huazhong University of Science&T

21、echnology81Huazhong University of Science&Technology82钛合金基钛合金基/类金刚石涂层人工心瓣类金刚石涂层人工心瓣 上：上：双叶冀型瓣双叶冀型瓣 下：下：钩碟瓣钩碟瓣Huazhong University of Science&Technology83Huazhong University of Science&Technology84Huazhong University of Science&Technology85Huazhong University of Science&Technology86Huazhong University

22、 of Science&Technology87Huazhong University of Science&Technology88Huazhong University of Science&Technology89Huazhong University of Science&Technology90Huazhong University of Science&Technology91Huazhong University of Science&Technology92Huazhong University of Science&Technology93Huazhong Universit

23、y of Science&Technology94Huazhong University of Science&Technology95Huazhong University of Science&Technology96Huazhong University of Science&Technology97Huazhong University of Science&Technology98Huazhong University of Science&Technology99Huazhong University of Science&Technology100Huazhong Univers

24、ity of Science&Technology101Huazhong University of Science&Technology102Huazhong University of Science&Technology103Huazhong University of Science&Technology104Huazhong University of Science&Technology105Huazhong University of Science&Technology106Huazhong University of Science&Technology107Huazhong

25、 University of Science&Technology108Huazhong University of Science&Technology109Huazhong University of Science&Technology110Huazhong University of Science&Technology111Huazhong University of Science&Technology112Huazhong University of Science&Technology113Huazhong University of Science&Technology114

26、Huazhong University of Science&Technology115Huazhong University of Science&Technology116Huazhong University of Science&Technology117Huazhong University of Science&Technology118Huazhong University of Science&Technology119Huazhong University of Science&Technology120Huazhong University of Science&Techn

27、ology121Huazhong University of Science&Technology122Huazhong University of Science&Technology123Huazhong University of Science&Technology124Huazhong University of Science&Technology125Huazhong University of Science&Technology126Huazhong University of Science&Technology127Huazhong University of Scien

28、ce&Technology128Huazhong University of Science&Technology129Huazhong University of Science&Technology130Huazhong University of Science&Technology131Huazhong University of Science&Technology132Huazhong University of Science&Technology133Huazhong University of Science&Technology134Huazhong University

29、of Science&Technology135Huazhong University of Science&Technology136Huazhong University of Science&Technology137Huazhong University of Science&Technology138Huazhong University of Science&Technology139Huazhong University of Science&Technology140Huazhong University of Science&Technology141Huazhong Uni

30、versity of Science&Technology142Huazhong University of Science&Technology143Huazhong University of Science&Technology144Huazhong University of Science&Technology145Huazhong University of Science&Technology146Huazhong University of Science&Technology147Huazhong University of Science&Technology148Huaz

31、hong University of Science&Technology149Huazhong University of Science&Technology150Huazhong University of Science&Technology151Huazhong University of Science&Technology152Huazhong University of Science&Technology153Huazhong University of Science&Technology154Huazhong University of Science&Technolog

32、y155Huazhong University of Science&Technology156Huazhong University of Science&Technology157Huazhong University of Science&Technology158Huazhong University of Science&Technology159Huazhong University of Science&Technology160Huazhong University of Science&Technology161Huazhong University of Science&T

33、echnology162Huazhong University of Science&Technology163Huazhong University of Science&Technology164Huazhong University of Science&Technology165Huazhong University of Science&Technology166Huazhong University of Science&Technology167Huazhong University of Science&Technology168Huazhong University of S

34、cience&Technology169Huazhong University of Science&Technology170Huazhong University of Science&Technology171Huazhong University of Science&Technology172Huazhong University of Science&Technology173Huazhong University of Science&Technology174Huazhong University of Science&Technology175Huazhong Univers

35、ity of Science&Technology176Huazhong University of Science&Technology177Huazhong University of Science&Technology178Huazhong University of Science&Technology179Huazhong University of Science&Technology180Huazhong University of Science&Technology181Huazhong University of Science&Technology182Huazhong

36、 University of Science&Technology183Huazhong University of Science&Technology184Huazhong University of Science&Technology185Huazhong University of Science&Technology186Huazhong University of Science&Technology187Huazhong University of Science&Technology188Huazhong University of Science&Technology189

37、Huazhong University of Science&Technology190Huazhong University of Science&Technology191Huazhong University of Science&Technology192Huazhong University of Science&Technology193Huazhong University of Science&Technology194Huazhong University of Science&Technology195Huazhong University of Science&Techn

38、ology196Huazhong University of Science&Technology197Huazhong University of Science&Technology198Huazhong University of Science&Technology199Huazhong University of Science&Technology200Huazhong University of Science&Technology201Huazhong University of Science&Technology202Huazhong University of Scien

39、ce&Technology203Huazhong University of Science&Technology204Huazhong University of Science&Technology205Huazhong University of Science&Technology206Huazhong University of Science&Technology207Huazhong University of Science&Technology208Huazhong University of Science&Technology209Huazhong University

40、of Science&Technology210Huazhong University of Science&Technology211Huazhong University of Science&Technology212Huazhong University of Science&Technology213Huazhong University of Science&Technology214Huazhong University of Science&Technology215Huazhong University of Science&Technology216Huazhong Uni

41、versity of Science&Technology217Huazhong University of Science&Technology218Huazhong University of Science&Technology219Huazhong University of Science&Technology220Huazhong University of Science&Technology221Huazhong University of Science&Technology222Huazhong University of Science&Technology223Huaz

42、hong University of Science&Technology224Huazhong University of Science&Technology225Huazhong University of Science&Technology226Huazhong University of Science&Technology227Huazhong University of Science&Technology228Huazhong University of Science&Technology229Huazhong University of Science&Technolog

43、y230Huazhong University of Science&Technology231Huazhong University of Science&Technology232Huazhong University of Science&Technology233Huazhong University of Science&Technology234Huazhong University of Science&Technology谢谢观看/欢迎下载BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES.BY FAITH I BY FAITH