从句总结精华

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1、名词性从句名词性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句补语补语/表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句Definition:名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独 立分句并用陈述句的语序立分句并用陈述句的语序,时态依具体时态依具体 情况而定情况而定 引导词引导词关系代词：关系代词：that,what,which,who,关系副词：关系副词：when,where,whether,why wh-ever 结构结构：a.that 引导的从句引导的从句 b.wh-疑问词引导的疑问从句疑问词引导的疑问从句 c.what或或wh-ever 等关系代

2、词引导的等关系代词引导的名词名词 性关系从句。性关系从句。that 从句做主语时，常用从句做主语时，常用It做形式主语做形式主语：It+be+形容词形容词+that 从句从句 （obvious,true,nature,surprising,good,wonderful,etc.)e.g.It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It is probable that she told her everything.It+be+名词词组名词词组+that 从句从句 （no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pit

3、y,no surprise,etc.)e.g.Its a pity that we cant go.Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.It+be+过去分词过去分词+that 从句从句（said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)e.g.It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.It is decided that the meeting has been put off till ne

4、xt Monday.在口语和非正式文件中在口语和非正式文件中that 常可以省略，但常可以省略，但that 位于句句首时，连词位于句句首时，连词that 是绝对不可以省略的。是绝对不可以省略的。e.g.That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.我们被邀请去参见今夜的音乐会，这对我们我们被邀请去参见今夜的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。来说是个好消息。wh-引导的疑问从句做主语时，常用引导的疑问从句做主语时，常用it 作形式作形式主语主语 e.g.It is doubtful whether/if she w

5、ill come.她是否来还是疑问。她是否来还是疑问。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪开会都无所谓。我们在哪开会都无所谓。It has not been decided yet who will preside at the meeting.由谁来主持会议，还没有确定。由谁来主持会议，还没有确定。名词性关系从句做主语名词性关系从句做主语 e.g.What they need is a good text-book.Whichever he likes will be given to him.Whicheve

6、r book he bought would be paid.Whoever did this job must be rewarded.We want to study.They said that they wanted to study.What did your father say?You are a clever girl.My father said I was a clever girl.“I am in space.”What did he say?He said he was in space.He asked why you are so happy?Why are yo

7、u so Happy?Am I taller than you?if/whether he was taller than them.He asked That 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 常见的可以接常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有从句作宾语的动词有：see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,其中能接复合宾语的动词之后，如其中能接复合宾语的动词之后，如think,make,consider可以用可以用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。e.g.She said that we should start off

8、 right now.她说我们应该立即出发。她说我们应该立即出发。We think it highly probable that he is dead.我们想他已经死了，这是非常有可能的。我们想他已经死了，这是非常有可能的。He made it clear that he will not give in.他不会屈服，这一点他已经明确表示了。他不会屈服，这一点他已经明确表示了。that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作 except,in的宾语。的宾语。e.g.He is a good student except that he is careless.除

9、了粗心大意他是一个好学生。除了粗心大意他是一个好学生。He differed his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间 用在读书上用在读书上.如果其他介词后面需用如果其他介词后面需用that 从句作宾语时，必须从句作宾语时，必须用用it 作形式宾语。作形式宾语。e.g.You may depend on it that I shall always help you.你可以依靠，我会经常帮助你。你可以依靠，我会经常帮助你。wh-疑问从句引导

10、宾语从句疑问从句引导宾语从句 能接能接wh-疑问从句作直接宾语：疑问从句作直接宾语：see,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,find out,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,advise等。等。How也可引导宾语从句。也可引导宾语从句。e.g.They couldnt understand why I refused.I cant imagine how he did it.wh-做介词宾语做介词宾语 e.g.It all depends on how we solve the pr

11、oblem.这要看我们如何解决问题。这要看我们如何解决问题。We are worrying about what we should do next.我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。名词性关系从句引导宾语名词性关系从句引导宾语 作直接宾语作直接宾语 e.g.Ill show you whatever you want to see.我会给你展示你想要看的一切东西。我会给你展示你想要看的一切东西。Ill give you however much money you need.你需要多少钱我都可以给你。你需要多少钱我都可以给你。We shall not forge

12、t when the meeting will open.我们不会忘记开会的时间。我们不会忘记开会的时间。作间接宾语作间接宾语 e.g.She will give whoever needs help a warm open.凡需要帮助的人，他都会给与热情的支持。凡需要帮助的人，他都会给与热情的支持。作介词宾语作介词宾语 e.g.She walked up to where he stood.她走到他站着的地方。她走到他站着的地方。I can judge by what I know of him.我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。引导词引导词 句子类型句子类型 th

13、at陈述句陈述句一般疑问句一般疑问句if/whether特殊疑问词特殊疑问词特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 whether 引导主语从句位于句首，引导主语从句位于句首，if 不能够引不能够引 导主语从句导主语从句 引导宾语从句时引导宾语从句时“if”从句不能为作介词宾语。从句不能为作介词宾语。“if”不可与不可与“or not”连用。连用。I dont care whether he doesnt come.I dont care whether he comes or not.I dont care whether or not he comes.I dont care if he comes or

14、not.I dont care if or not he comes.引导主、宾、表语从句时：引导主、宾、表语从句时：what 要充当主语、宾语要充当主语、宾语 或表语等句子成分，或表语等句子成分，that 不作任何成分，而不作任何成分，而 只在语法上起连接作用只在语法上起连接作用 e.g.That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.一般说来一般说来:what/who 等含特指意义等含特指意义 whatever，whoever 等含泛指意义等含泛指意义 e.g.Whoever wants to see t

15、his film can go with us tonight.无论谁想看这部电影今晚可以和我们一起去无论谁想看这部电影今晚可以和我们一起去 After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.04上海卷上海卷 A.where B.what C.that D.howB It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere to

16、day.03上海卷 A.that B.when C.what D.howC _ surprises me most is that she doesnt even know where the difference between the two lies.A.What B.How C.That D.Which A _ the meeting will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.ThatC he doesnt like them is very clear.A.What B.That C.Wh

17、ich D.WhereB we shall meet next time has not been decided yet.A.Whether and that B.When and what C.When and where D.Where and ifC is true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week.A.That B.It C.This D.HeB _ proves that my advice is right.A.It will happen that B.That has happenedC.What has

18、happened D.When it happenedC I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A.whether B where C.what D.when A Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A.what B when C why D how A Please tell me _ last year.A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister workedD