电大专科《茶叶生产技术》期末重点复习资料考试小抄

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1、电大专科茶叶生产技术期末重点复习资料考试小抄1、 1、通花 ：茶花拼和后静置一段时间，在窨品堆温升高到一定范围，继续升温超过临界温度后会严重影响鲜花生机或烧花，此时应将窨堆均匀翻耙松散、呈“波浪形”摊放散热。要求通透、均匀。2、气质花：气质有茉莉花，内含有二十多种芳香物质,这些物质在鲜化内是以甙的形态存在的。只有在一定温度下，经过酶的催化，促进芳香油的形成和挥发。因此，茉莉花蕾离体后，在开放必备过程中，仍在进行着新陈代谢，随着花蕾的逐渐开放而缓慢地吐香，3、三窨一提：茉莉花茶窨制的工艺之一，即按茶花拌和、静置窨花、通花、起花、湿坯复火、转窨的工艺程序返复三次，再提茶一次的花茶窨制工艺。4、超滤

2、：超滤常用中空纤维装置过滤，使用聚丙烯晴或聚烯烃为膜材，工作压力较低，在49588 Kpa之间，可截留分子量在100050000范围内的溶质分子，溶剂和分子量小于1000的溶质分子都可透过膜，从而达到净化茶汤的目的。5、茶叶深加工技术：茶叶深加工技术是研究以茶鲜叶、成品茶、再加工茶、茶园和茶厂废弃物为原料，运用现代科学理论和高新技术，从深度与广度诸方面变革茶叶产品结构的新型加工技术。1、我国的花茶依据_ 鲜花 _种类有_茉莉花茶、桂花茶、玫瑰花茶、玳玳花茶、 株兰花茶、白兰花茶、柚子花茶_等花茶。2、传统花茶窨制前的茶坯处理一般要求含水率控制在_4.0%5.0% _之间；茶坯温度应控制在_高于

3、室温13_，方可进行窨花。3、传统多窨次茉莉花茶配花量掌握：_随窨次的增加逐窨减少_；连窨配花量掌握：_先少后多 _。4、传统茉莉花茶窨制，一般湿坯含水量逐窨_降低_；湿坯烘后含量逐窨_提高_；提花时窨品含水量应控制在_7.07.5_；提花后花茶的含水量应掌握_9.0_。5、袋泡茶依据_袋内包装物的种类 _分类，可分为：_ 纯茶型袋泡茶、_果味型袋泡茶、香味型袋泡茶、保健型袋泡茶、非茶型袋泡茶 _等五大类。6、袋泡茶根据_过滤_作用和_定量配比 _作用进行设计。7、目前国内外实际使用的袋泡茶过滤纸有：_热封型袋包茶滤纸_和_非热封型袋包茶滤纸_两种。8、水处理的基本程序为：_原料水砂滤电渗析离

4、子交换紫外线消毒超滤茶汤提取用水 _等六道程序。9、茶提取前对茶的处理有：_拼配_、_轧碎_程序，一般选用_1440目_的茶碎度为宜。10、饮料加工中常用的添加剂的类型有： 稳定剂、离子螯合剂、护色剂、转溶剂、口味添加剂 等。1、打底的主要目的是_A_。 A 提高花茶鲜灵度 B 提高花茶香气浓度 C 提高花茶含水量 D 提高花茶耐藏性2、传统花茶窨制中，头窨的通花温度是在_D_为好。 A 3436 B 4042 C 4446 D 48503、加工速溶茶，茶汤提取的茶水比是_C_。A 1：50 B 1：22 C 1：612 D 1：1001504、茶乳酪是茶提取液中的茶多酚、茶多酚氧化产物与生物

5、碱，通过_A_形成的一类大分子物质。A 分子间氢键缔合 B 分了间的凝聚 C 分子果胶粘结 D 分了间偶联氧化5、茶叶机械加工是基本不改变茶内质的加工。如_B_加工。 A 速溶茶 B 袋泡茶 C 茶多酚提取 D 茶水饮料6、袋泡茶的外封套在包袋设计上主要起_A_作用。 A 防潮 B 过滤 C 阻光 D 透气7、碱法转溶用碱量是依据被转溶液的酸碱度达_B_为宜。 A pH6.5； B pH8.0； C pH10； D pH7.08、茶汤提取时提取用水越多，茶汤中浸出物总量_A_，茶汤浓度_A_。 A 越高 越稀薄 B 越低 越浓 C 越高 越浓 D 越低 越稀薄9、袋泡茶的内袋在包袋设计上主要起

6、_B_作用。 A 定量 B 过滤 C 配比 D 透气10、PET瓶装茶水饮料，一般采用_C_灭菌技术后,再在无菌条件下装罐。 A 高压 B 巴氏 C 高温瞬时 D 紫外1、简述碱法转溶的原理？由于苛性碱解离出的OH带有很时显的极性，能插进茶乳酪复杂分子内切断氢键，并与茶多酚等竞争咖啡碱，重新组合成小分子水溶物。苛性碱还能与本来以弱酸形式存在的TF、TR等酚类氧化物反应生成水溶性更高的盐类，从而提高了产品的溶解性。2、简述茉莉花茶传统窨制工艺流程？茶坯处理 茶、花拌和静置窨花通花鲜花处理 转窨 续窨起花烘焙摊凉提花匀堆装箱3、简述冷冻干燥的技术要点？先将茶浓缩液在-35下冻结，再在低于水相点压力

7、下（609 Pa），进行真空干燥，这时固态水直接气化蒸发。操作时真空度为：1380 Pa。干燥室温控制：从-35至0，升温3/h；从0升至2530，升温5/h；在2530下衡温1h；全程历时2024h。冷冻干燥后的制品为疏松的鳞片状，稍加粉碎，呈粉末状即可。含水量低于3%。4、写出茶水饮料传统生产加工的工艺程序？茶叶浸提（85/15）粗滤（80）迅速冷却（5）精滤（5）调配（80）高温杀菌（90/15）灌装（88）封盖 5、简述袋泡茶对内袋过滤纸的要求？1.1 拉力强，有促够的机械强度，能适应袋泡茶包装机的高速作业而不破损，平均拉力在0.7 kg以上；1.2 耐高温沸水冲泡而不破损；1.3 渗

8、透性好，茶叶中可溶性成分浸出快；1.4 滤纸纤维细密、均匀，茶末不外透；1.5 无味、无嗅，符合国家食品卫生标准；1.6 重量轻，纸质洁白。1、以水的相平衡关系图分析说明冷冻干燥的原理？（12分）冷冻干燥是先将物料冻结到冰点以下，使物料中的水分变为固态冰，然后在较高的真空度下，使固态冰不经液态而直接转化为水蒸气排除。其干燥的原理是依据水的相平衡关系。水分存在状态有固态、液态和气态，这三种状态在一定的条件下可以达到平衡，称“相平衡”。水的相平衡关系是分析和探讨冷冻干燥的基础。水的相平衡关系见图 ，曲线AB、AC和AD把平面划分成三个区域，对应于水的三种状态。AC划出了固态和液态的界线，称为溶解曲

9、线；AD划出了液态和气态的界线，称为汽化曲线；AB划出了固态和汽态的曲线，称为升华曲线。若水的温度和压力所对应点位于这些曲线上，说明水分正在发生两相之间的转化，两相可同时存在，见图 。当压力高于612.88 Pa时，从固态冰开始等压加热升温的结果，必然要经过液态，如图中EFGH所示。但若压力低于612.88 Pa时，固态冰等加热升温结果将直接转化为气态，如图中LMNP所示，冷冻干燥的原理就基于此2、以示意图说明单宁酶转溶的机理？（10分）添加单宁酶：单宁酶能切断儿茶素没食子酸酯键（图 ），释放出没食子酸。游离的没食子酸又能同TF、TR竞争咖啡碱，形成分子相对较小的水溶物。3、论述花茶窨制茶叶吸

10、附香气的原理？（13分）茶叶是一种疏独多孔的物质，这些细小孔隙导管形成大量的孔隙表面，这就是茶叶具有较强吸附性能的原因。根据毛细管凝缩学说，同一条件下，平液面的饱和蒸汽压大于同一液体在凹形表面的蒸汽压，随着孔隙，凹度加大，表面蒸气压降低愈甚。因此，毛细管凝缩现象首先是孔隙最小的毛细管中出现。当孔隙的直径大于10-5cm时，在凹形面上蒸气压就等于平面上的蒸气后，也就不存在毛细管凝缩现象了。由此可见，茶叶的吸附性能，具随着毛细管的大小，多少而有强弱之分。毛细管直径愈小，数量愈多，吸附表面愈大，吸附性能也就愈强，这正是条索紧细的烘青窨制花茶香气高的原则之一。此外，茶叶内含有烯萜类，棕榈酸等成分，这类

11、物质本身没有香气，但具有极强的吸附性能，这是茶叶具有吸附异味的内在因素，它是一种定香剂。 1、我国的花茶依据_ 鲜花 _种类有_茉莉花茶、桂花茶、玫瑰花茶、玳玳花茶、 株兰花茶、白兰花茶、柚子花茶 _等花茶。 2、固体对气体分子的吸附可分为：_物理_和_化学_吸附。前者是_分子间的引 力， 后者是 化学键 力。3、传统花茶窨制前的茶坯处理一般要求含水率控制在_4.0%5.0% _之间；茶坯温度应控制在_高于室温13_，方可进行窨花。4、袋泡茶依据_袋内包装物的种类 _分类，可分为：_纯茶型袋泡茶、_果味型袋泡茶、香味型袋泡茶、保健型袋泡茶、非茶型袋泡茶、等五大类。5、传统茉莉花茶窨制，一般湿坯

12、含水量逐窨_降低_；湿坯烘后含量逐窨_提高_；提花时窨品含水量应控制在_6.0%7.0% _；提花后花茶的含水量应掌握_8.0%8.5%_。6、袋泡茶对外封套要求：_本身无异味、防潮性能好、有一定的牢固度 ；常用的外封套有： 单胶纸、复合纸、复合薄膜 _三种材料。7、传统多窨次茉莉花茶配花量掌握：_逐窨减少_；连窨配花_逐窨增加_。8、目前国内外实际使用的袋泡茶过滤纸有：_热封型袋包茶滤纸_ _和_非热封型袋包茶滤纸 _两种。9、饮料加工中常用的添加剂的类型有： 稳定剂、离子螯合剂、护色剂、转溶剂、口味添加剂 等。10、水处理的基本程序为：_原料水砂滤电渗析离子交换紫外线消毒超滤茶汤提取用水

13、_等六道程序。 1、压花 ：是利用窨过一次花，但仍有花香的花渣，特别是提花花渣，再窨制低档茶的过程，称“压花”。茶坯通过压花，一方面可充分利用花渣中的余香，别一方面压花可降低低级茶坯中的粗老味，改善茶叶品质。2、气质花：气质有茉莉花，内含有二十多种芳香物质,这些物质在鲜化内是以甙的形态存在的。只有在一定温度下，经过酶的催化，促进芳香油的形成和挥发。因此，茉莉花蕾离体后，在开放必备过程中，仍在进行着新陈代谢，随着花蕾的逐渐开放而缓慢地吐香，3、转溶：茶汤冷却至10以下时，会出现乳酪状的不溶物，俗称“茶乳酪”或称“冷后浑”。采取“转溶”措施，即通过酶和各种化学或生物化学的有效方法，将不溶性的茶乳酪

14、转变为可溶物的过程。4、茶汤物理净化：把茶汤中固、液两相混合物相互分离，使茶汤中不含任何固相物质。物理净化也称机械分离。5、喷雾干燥：喷雾干燥是将液料喷散为很细的像雾一样的微粒，以增大水分的蒸发面，在与热空气接触后，能瞬间将大部分的水分除去，使固形物成为粉末状或颗粒状的干品。1、加工速溶茶，茶汤提取的茶水比是_C_。A 1：50 B 1：22 C 1：612 D 1：1001502、茶乳酪是茶提取液中的茶多酚、茶多酚氧化产物与生物碱，通过_A_形成的一类大分子物质。A 分子间氢键缔合 B 分了间的凝聚 C 分子果胶粘结 D 分了间偶联氧化2、 茶叶机械加工是基本不改变茶内质的加工。如_B_加工

15、。 A 速溶茶 B 袋泡茶 C 茶多酚提取 D 茶水饮料3、打底的主要目的是_B_。 A 提高花茶鲜灵度 B 提高花茶香气浓度 C 提高花茶含水量 D 提高花茶耐藏性4、传统花茶窨制，高级茶坯窨前的含水量应控制在_B_为宜。 A 7.0%10.0% B 3.5%4.0% C 4.0%4.5% D 4.5%5.0%5、传统花茶窨制中，头窨的通花温度是在_D_为好。 A 3436 B 4042 C 4446 D 48506、碱法转溶用碱量是依据被转溶液的酸碱度达_B_为宜。 A pH5.56.0 B pH8.09.0 C pH1012 D pH7.07、袋泡茶的外封套在包袋设计上主要起_A_作用。

16、 A 防潮 B 过滤 C 阻光 D 透气8、茶汤提取时提取用水越多，茶汤中浸出物总量_A_，茶汤浓度_A_。 A 越高 越稀薄 B 越低 越浓 C 越高 越浓 D 越低 越稀薄9、袋泡茶的内袋在包袋设计上主要起_B_作用。 A 定量 B 过滤 C 配比 D 透气10、PET瓶装茶水饮料，一般采用_C _灭菌技术后,再在无菌条件下装罐。 A 高压 B 巴氏 C 高温瞬时 D 紫外1、简述碱法转溶的原理？由于苛性碱解离出的OH带有很时显的极性，能插进茶乳酪复杂分子内切断氢键，并与茶多酚等竞争咖啡碱，重新组合成小分子水溶物。苛性碱还能与本来以弱酸形式存在的TF、TR等酚类氧化物反应生成水溶性更高的盐

17、类，从而提高了产品的溶解性。第三节 简述茉莉花茶传统窨制工艺流程？茶坯处理 茶、花拌和静置窨花通花鲜花处理 转窨 续窨起花烘焙摊凉提花匀堆装箱2、简述冷冻干燥的技术要点？先将茶浓缩液在-35下冻结，再在低于水相点压力下（609 Pa），进行真空干燥，这时固态水直接气化蒸发。操作时真空度为：1380 Pa。干燥室温控制：从-35至0，升温3/h；从0升至2530，升温5/h；在2530下衡温1h；全程历时2024h。冷冻干燥后的制品为疏松的鳞片状，稍加粉碎，呈粉末状即可。含水量低于3%。3、写出茶水饮料传统生产加工的工艺程序？ 茶叶浸提（85/15）粗滤（80）迅速冷却（5）精滤（5）调配（80

18、）高温杀菌（90/15）灌装（88）封盖 4、简述喷雾干燥的四个阶段及作用？液料喷雾干燥过程主要有四个阶段：第一阶段为雾化阶段，即液料经雾化器，分散为极细的液滴或料雾；第二阶段为混合阶段，使雾化后极细的液滴或料雾与气流充分混合； 第三阶段为干燥阶段，使混合后的气流与热空气充分接触，促使物料中的水分瞬间迅速蒸发，成为粉末状或颗粒状干品；第四阶段为分离阶段，使脱水后的干品与气流分离。1、以水的相平衡关系分析说明冷冻干燥的原理？（10分）冷冻干燥是先将物料冻结到冰点以下，使物料中的水分变为固态冰，然后在较高的真空度下，使固态冰不经液态而直接转化为水蒸气排除。其干燥的原理是依据水的相平衡关系。水分存在

19、状态有固态、液态和气态，这三种状态在一定的条件下可以达到平衡，称“相平衡”。水的相平衡关系是分析和探讨冷冻干燥的基础。水的相平衡关系见图 ，曲线AB、AC和AD把平面划分成三个区域，对应于水的三种状态。AC划出了固态和液态的界线，称为溶解曲线；AD划出了液态和气态的界线，称为汽化曲线；AB划出了固态和汽态的曲线，称为升华曲线。若水的温度和压力所对应点位于这些曲线上，说明水分正在发生两相之间的转化，两相可同时存在，见图 。当压力高于612.88 Pa时，从固态冰开始等压加热升温的结果，必然要经过液态，如图中EFGH所示。但若压力低于612.88 Pa时，固态冰等加热升温结果将直接转化为气态，如图

20、中LMNP所示，冷冻干燥的原理就基于此2、以示意图说明单宁酶转溶的机理？（7分）添加单宁酶：单宁酶能切断儿茶素没食子酸酯键（图 ），释放出没食子酸。游离的没食子酸又能同TF、TR竞争咖啡碱，形成分子相对较小的水溶物。3、论述茶叶吸附香气的原理？（12分）茶叶是一种疏独多孔的物质，这些细小孔隙导管形成大量的孔隙表面，这就是茶叶具有较强吸附性能的原因。根据毛细管凝缩学说，同一条件下，平液面的饱和蒸汽压大于同一液体在凹形表面的蒸汽压，随着孔隙，凹度加大，表面蒸气压降低愈甚。因此，毛细管凝缩现象首先是孔隙最小的毛细管中出现。当孔隙的直径大于10-5cm时，在凹形面上蒸气压就等于平面上的蒸气后，也就不存

21、在毛细管凝缩现象了。由此可见，茶叶的吸附性能，具随着毛细管的大小，多少而有强弱之分。毛细管直径愈小，数量愈多，吸附表面愈大，吸附性能也就愈强，这正是条索紧细的烘青窨制花茶香气高的原则之一。此外，茶叶内含有烯萜类，棕榈酸等成分，这类物质本身没有香气，但具有极强的吸附性能，这是茶叶具有吸附异味的内在因素，它是一种定香剂。一、填空题：（每小空1分，共30分）1、世界三大饮料是 、 、 。2、我国十大名茶是 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 。3、茶树的原产地也是最早发现茶叶功效、栽培茶树和制成茶叶的是 。4、茶叶一般分为 、 、黄茶、白茶、黑茶、 和 。5、种植小麦、玉米、每亩补贴 元；水稻、棉花

22、每亩补 元。6、农村土地流转的主要形式有 、 、 、 、 等。7、农村土地承包法规定，耕地的承包期为 年。草地的承包期为 至 年。林地的承包期为 年至 年。二、单选题：（每题2分，共24分）1、我国十大名茶中，下列属于黄茶的是（ ）。安溪铁观音 凤凰水仙 君山银针2、茶叶种植一般行距为（ ）。30-35厘米 150-180厘米3、茶叶种植一般穴距为（ ）。30-35厘米 150-180厘米4、茶籽直播，每穴播入（）种子，每亩用种量（ ）。 2粒、30-40斤 4-5株、30-40公斤5、茶苗移栽，每穴植苗（），每亩用苗量（ ）。 2株、4000株左右 4-5株、6500株左右6、茶苗，春季一般

23、在（ ）底前移栽，最好阴雨天多，成活率高。10-12月 三月7、生产季节，一般茶园要进行3-5次锄耕，春茶前要（ ），春茶后和夏茶后要（ ）。 中耕、浅锄 浅锄、中耕8、对壮年茶树，实行“（ ）”的方法进行采摘。 以养为主，适当打顶。 以养为主，采养并举。 以采为主，采养结合9、河南属于江北茶区，采茶时期为（ ）月。5-10 3-910、我县大面积茶园采摘是用手采，以提手采为主，不能用（ ）。指甲掐采 双手采11、茶园铺草，每亩需铺（）公斤，厚度为（ ）厘米为宜。500-1000、4-8 1000-3000、8-1212、农村土地家庭承包是（ ），人人有份的土地承包。以家庭为经营单位的 以集体

24、为经营单位的三、多项选择题：（每题2分，共8分）1、我国十大名茶中，下列属于青茶（也叫乌龙茶）的是（ ）。安溪铁观音 凤凰水仙2、预防旱热害，需采取的措施是（ ）。 选用耐旱良种 合理密植 采取保水措施 灌浇水抗旱3、对茶毛虫人工捕捉的方法是（ ）。 在冬季和早春人工摘除越冬卵块。 在1、2龄幼虫期人工摘除虫叶，并及时处理。4、茶叶具有吸湿性、吸异性等特点，贮藏时，要（ ）。 防潮 防热 防光 防异味四、问答题：（共38分）1、国家发布的23种禁用农药名字是啥（10分）？答：2、大宗绿茶鲜叶采摘，以春茶为例，应如何采摘（10分）？答：3、茶叶鲜叶盛装和贮运、贮存有何要求（10分）？答：4、信阳

25、茶叶手工制作工艺流程是啥（8分）？答：答 案一、填空1、茶、咖啡、可可；2、西湖龙井、洞庭碧螺春、太平猴魁、黄山毛峰、六安瓜片、信阳毛尖、君山银针、安溪铁观音、凤凰水仙、祁门红茶；3、中国；4、红茶、绿茶、青茶、可加工茶；5、10，15；6、出租、转包、转让、互换和股份合作；7、30，30、50,30、70。二、单项选择1、君山银针；2、150-180厘米；3、30-35厘米；4、4-5粒、30-40公斤；5、2株、5500株左右；6、三月；7、中耕、浅锄；8、以采为主，采养结合；9、3-9；10、指甲掐采；11、1000-3000、8-12；12、以家庭为经营单位的。三、多项选择1、安溪铁观

26、音 凤凰水仙； 2、选用耐旱良种 合理密植 采取保水措施 灌浇水抗旱；3、在冬季和早春人工摘除越冬卵块 在1、2龄幼虫期人工摘除虫叶，并及时处理； 4、防潮 防热 防光 防异味。四、问答题1、答：是六六六、滴滴涕、毒杀粉、二溴氯丙烷、杀虫脒、二溴乙烷、除草醚、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、汞制剂、砷、铅类、敌枯双、氟乙酰胺、甘氟、毒鼠强、氟乙酸钠、毒鼠硅、甲胺磷、甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、久效磷、磷铵。2、答：在开采时特级和一级茶叶的阶段以一芽二叶为主；采量近高峰期前后，主要加工2、3级成茶，以采一芽二、三叶和对夹叶为主；以后加工4、5级成茶阶段，以采一芽三叶和对夹叶为主。3、答：盛装鲜叶的器具，应采用清洁、通风

27、性能良好的竹编、网眼茶篮或篓筐，盛装量、盛装时间以不影响鲜叶质量品质为度。不得使用布袋、塑料袋等透气性差的软包装。在鲜叶贮运、贮存过程中，应注意轻放、轻压、薄摊、勤翻等，以减少机械损伤。忌重压、日晒、雨淋、捂闷，严防鲜叶升温变质，影响茶叶质量。4、答：流程为：鲜叶采摘摊青生锅熟锅初烘摊晾复烘拣剔分级包装贮藏。请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With he

28、aps of time, the seven-day Chinese请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak seas

29、on, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are incre

30、asing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists t

31、raveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinatin

32、g that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China

33、 Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Ge

34、nghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on th

35、e vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast sn

36、owfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by

37、many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more col

38、ors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns gold

39、en, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fa

40、iryland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this ro

41、mantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with hi

42、s elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took

43、 a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Su

44、preme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulangs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after i

45、t died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was no

46、t lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced bac

47、k to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not on

48、ly a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of

49、 sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations.

50、Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers.

51、Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of t

52、he Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional a

53、ctivities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of

54、 the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the W

55、est and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became collea

56、gues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could

57、 see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometime

58、s will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in

59、 front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happene