新版译林9年级英语语法定语从句讲解与练习及答案

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1、定语从句前言：虽然定语从句在初中语法中浮现的较晚，且中考所占分数比列不高，因此，对学生的规定不是很高，但是初中阶段的定语从句是为高中的进一步学习打下基本，因此，这部分知识比较重要，但愿同窗们要予以注重。语法 定语从句（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用的表达。重要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一种句子来担任。单词作定语时一般放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语

2、时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 定语从句是指在一种句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的背面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、替代先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一种成分（二）、关

3、系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who替代，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. whi

4、ch指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相称于who或者whom；指物时，相称于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Wher

5、e is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose一般指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用如下构造来替代(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will

6、 soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?注：that 用法(1)不用that的状况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the

7、land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的状况 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高档时，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 (f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语

8、时 (g) 为了避免反复 (h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略 (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 举例： Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？ Who that break the window should be punished 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that

9、 he had stolen to the police. 那贼最后把偷的所有东西交给了警察。 （三）、关系副词引导定语从句 关系副词 关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表达地点的定语从句。 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years

10、 ago has been pulled down. 2. when引导定语从句表达时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came.注表达时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，固然也不用that引导。 By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你达到伦敦的

11、时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。 I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。 每一次她去出差，她带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，诸多。 3. why指因素 在定语从句中做因素状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (

12、2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替代 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 注：1）介词背面的关系代词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3） 某些在

13、从句中充当时间，地点或因素状语的介词+关系词构造可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason why he came late. This is the

14、 reason for which he came late. 练习练习一（一） 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一种复合句。1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You wer

15、e talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is scien

16、ce.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.（二） 用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers an

17、d schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.练习二一、单项填空1. -Wh

18、o is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. whom

19、4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited.A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no lif

20、e.A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family.A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. H

21、e got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation.A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the

22、place _ he was born.A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station.A. that B. which C. where D. when16. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. how B. which C. where D. that17. Helen was much kinder to her y

23、oungest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which18. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom19. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care

24、 of in that far-away village.A. until B. that C. when D. where20. The famous scientist grew up_ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever21. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at c

25、ourt.A. when B. where C. what D. that22. The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A. they B. it C. one D. which23. Is this factory _ you worked at?A. the one B. which C. that D. where24. Is this the factory _ you worked?A. where B. which C. that D. the one

26、25. -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees?-Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who26. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. who B. where C. what D. that27. -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qinghua University.A.

27、whom B. who C. whose D. which28. I hate people _ talk much but do little.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who29. Do you know a boy _ sister is a nurse in a hospital?A. who B. that C. whom D. whose30. Is there a shop near here_ we can buy vegetables and fruits?A. which B. when C. who D. where二、填入合适的关系代词或

28、关系副词完毕下列句子1. The boys_ are playing football are from Class One. 2. Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.3. Mr Liu is the person _ you talked about on the bus. 4. The professor _ you are waiting for has come. 5. Football is a game _is liked by most boys. 6. He lik

29、es to read books _ are written by foreign writers.7. This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. 8. Well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked.9. Where is the man _ I saw this morning? 10. The season_ comes after spring is summer. 11. I visited a scientist _ name is known all over the count

30、ry. 12. He has a friend _ father is a doctor. 13. I once lived in the house _ roof has fallen in. 14. I still remember the day _ I first came to this school. 15. The time _ we got together finally arrived. 16. Shanghai is the city _ I was born. 17. The house _ I lived ten years ago has been pulled d

31、own. 18. Please tell me the reason _ you missed the plane. 19. The reason _ he was punished is unknown to us. 20. All the people _are present burst into tears.21. There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of _ are well educated.22. He succeeded in the competition, _ made

32、 his parents very happy.23. The school _ he once studied is very famous. 24. Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine _ you asked. 25. This is the boy _I played tennis with yesterday. 练习三1. The house _ we live is not big.A. in that B. whichC. in which D. that2. He talked about the lectures and schools _

33、 he had visited.A. that B. whichC. who D. whom3. The scientist the teacher is talking _ is leaving for Beijing.A. to him B. whomC. to D. to that4. I who _ your teacher, will teach Marxism as a truth to you.A. is B. areC. were D. am5. _ they could do was to work hard.A. All B. All whatC. All which D.

34、 That6. Do you know the reason _ he didnt come?A. that B. whichC. for D. why7. The room _ windows face south is his.A. that B. whichC. whose D. whos8. The park, _ we visited yesterday, is very nice.A. where B. whichC. that D. when9. The park, _ we met with him, is very nice.A. where B. whichC. that

35、D. when10. The first time _ I saw her was in 1989.A. when B. whichC. that D. as11. Pay attention to all _ I do.A. which B. in whichC. what D. that12. Ive read all the books _ you gave me.A. which B. themC. what D. that13. Is there anything _ I can do for you?A. what B. whichC. that D. it14. The woma

36、n _ child had fallen ill was a doctor.A. who B. herC. whose D. /15. The pen _ Im using _ is hers.A. which; it B. that; itC. it; / D. /16. I have the same trouble _ you have.A. that B. whichC. as D. what17. Its the very book _ I want to find.A. which B. thatC. it D. so18. He is the only one of the bo

37、ys who _ English for four years.A. has learnt B. have learntC. learn D. learning19. This is one of the books _ worth reading.A. that is B. which areC. it was D. they are been20. This is the best film _ been shown this year.A. which has B. which haveC. that has D. that have21. This is the largest clo

38、ck in the world, the minute have _ is six minutes long.A. where B. of whichC. that D. of that22. Can you tell me the reason _ you didnt come for yesterday?A. why B. howC. which D. what23. Do you still remember the day _ we spent together last month?A. that B. in whichC. when D. where24. Oct. 1, 1949

39、 was the day _ the New China was founded.A. that B. in whichC. when D. where25. Which/Who of them _ knows something about English doesnt know this word?A. which B. whoC. that D. as26. _ we all know, he is a good man.A. Which B. WhoC. That D. As27. Ive never seen such a lazy boy _ you are.A. which B.

40、 whoC. that D. as28. There were many great leaders in the history _ Abraham Lincoln was the greatest one.A. in which B. in whomC. of which D. of whom29. I bought a new dictionary, _ is very beautiful.A. whose the cover B. of which coverC. the cover of which D. which cover30. They have planted many t

41、rees, one third of _ are pine trees.A. them B. whoseC. which D. that31. That is my office, _ face the south.A. its windows B. the windowsC. the windows of it D. the windows of which32. Hes given us a lot of information, _ is valuable.A. little of it B. Little of whichC. a little D. much of them33. H

42、e has two sons, _ is a collage student.A. who B. both of whomC. neither of whom D. neither34. There are forty-five students in our class, _ is only fifteen.A. the youngest of whom B. the oldest of themC. one of them D. the tallest35. He has published two books, _ Ive completely forgotten.A. their na

43、mes B. the names of whichC. the names of them D. what names of which36. He has several friends, the most devoted _ is Henry.A. friend B. one of themC. of them D. of whom37. Five men stole into the gate, _ was lame in the right leg.A. the second B. the third of whomC. one of them D. among them38. Thi

44、s is the very school _ I wanted to visit.A. where B. thatC. which D. in which39. Is the school _ you are going to work?A. where B. thatC. which D. there40. Is this _ you want?A. which B. the oneC. that D. the one what41. Shanghai, _ I have visited twice, has a large population.A. where B. whichC. wh

45、at D. that42. My youngest sister, _ is forty years old, has got a life professorship in a university.A. which B. whomC. who D. that43. The students didnt like the way _ she was dressed.A./ B. whichC. what D. how44. Theres no way _ you could stop others talking about you unless you dont spare yoursel

46、f (严格规定自己).A. for B. thatC. where D. of which45. I am determined to learn my subjects in the way _ you have done.A. in which B. by whatC. what D. where46. He used to do things in a way _ did no harm to anybody.A. / B. whatC. in which D. that47. Ill do _ to help you.A. all I can B. all what I canC. a

47、ll those I manage D. all which I can48. All _ want to buy the book, put down your names here.A. who B. these thatC. those who D. ones49. This is the third time _ youre late for school.A. in which B. thatC. which D. on which50. He arrived yesterday, _ was just what we expected.A. what B. whoC. that D

48、. which51. Einstein taught at Princeton, _ there was a famous research institute.A. that B. whereC. which D. because of52. That is the reason _ he came to see you.A. when B. thatC. which D. for which53. She is one of the few persons _ Spanish in our school.A. who knows B. who knowC. which speak D. t

49、hat speaks54. He is the only one of the teachers _ Spanish in our school.A. who teaches B. who teachC. which teaches D. that teach55. You are the only one _ advice he might listen to.A. who B. thatC. whose D. whatever56. Here is so big a stone _ no man can lift.A. as B. which C. who D. that57. He seems a foreigner, _ in fact it is.A. which B. as C. that D. and58. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing?A. which B. who C. whom D. that59.