M1U1Grammar学生版

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1、 Module 1 Unit 1 Grammar and UsageAttributive clauses(定语从句)Period 1Step 1 Definition1. What is attributive? a lovely girl something new the boy in white2. What is attributive clause? 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 E.g. He is an English teacher who likes singing songs. Step 2 Analysis Analys

2、e the structure of the following sentences: 1. The man that / who gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher. 2. The boy who / whom / that / / the nurse is looking after is my friend. 3. The car that / which is red was damaged yesterday. 4. The question that / which / / I dont understand is about gr

3、ammar. 5. Titanic is the ship sank after hitting an iceberg. 6. Ye Xin ia a nurse died in the fight against SARS.关系词: 关系代词: who, whom, which, that, whose, as 关系副词: when, where, why关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用 关系代词that人/物主, 宾, 表which物主, 宾who人主, 宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主, 宾, 表 关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语 注

4、意点: 1. 关系词的作用: 1) 连接作用 - 把主句和从句连接起来 2) 替代作用 - 在从句中代替在它前面的先行词 3) 成分作用 - 在从句中充当一个成分 2. 关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略. 3. 定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致. 4. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种. 5. 非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略.Step 3 用定语从句合并下列句子.E.g. 1. The woman is a teacher. / The woman lives next door. 2. We watched the play Teahouse. / The

5、play was written by Lao She. 3. The young man is a famous writer. / You saw the young man yesterday. 4. This is the house. / Lu Xun once lived in the house. Step 4 ConsolidationA找出下列复合句中的主句、定语从句、先行词、关系代词, 并翻译成中文：1. The lessons that he taught were not easily forgotten.2. The film which we saw last ni

6、ght was wonderful.3. A plane is machine that can fly.4. The person whom they wanted to visit is a student.5. The book that he bought is very interesting.6. Yesterday we went to the school that you visited last week.7. I know a lady whose husband is writer.8. The girl who went there is my sister.9. T

7、he desk whose legs are broken is very old.10This is the dictionary which you mentioned yesterdayB将下列两个简单句合并为一个带有定语从句的复合句： egDo you like the bike? / My uncle gave it to me Do you like the bike which my uncle gave it to me? () Do you like the bike which my uncle gave to me? () 注意：当两个简单句合并为含有定语从句的复合句时，

8、其先行词不可重复出现。1. The girl is not here. She is going to sing a song. 2. The man is rich. He is working in the factory. 3. The school is a big one. The school stands near the river. 4. Have you answered the letter? You got the letter two weeks ago. 5. The boy student is very young. He won the game. 6. He

9、ll meet his daughter. He hasnt seen her for years. 7. My uncle bought the bike last week. The bike has been stolen. 8. How is the man? You saw him yesterday afternoon. 9. Dont buy the vegetables. They sell them in the market. 10. The bike is very old. I lent it to you this morning. 11. The house is

10、very old. Its windows face south. 12. The girl works very hard. Her father is a doctor. C; 用关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose填空：1. The earthquake shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2. We dont know the number of people_ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3. The house they

11、 built in 1987 is still very new.4. The house is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5. Luckily none of the people I know were killed.6. The boy father is a teacher is very clever.7. A clock is a machine tells people the time.8. A fridge is a machine is used for keeping food fresh.9. April

12、1 is the day is called April Fools Day in the west.10. The house he is looking for is very expensive.Period 2Step 1 Revision1. Analyse the structure of the following sentences: 1) Mary is a student who is 21 years old. 2) The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.2. Use proper relative pronouns to

13、complete the sentences. 1) David is a kind person _always helps others. 2) The book _ I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 3) He cant find the book_is borrowed from the library. 4) The girl _ you have just seen is very good at English. 5) He is a great boy _name will be remembered.Step 2

14、 关系代词的用法：一、 由who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句。who用作主语，whom用作宾语，whose用作定语。E.g. This is the man helped me. The doctor you are looking for is in the Room 201. I know the doctor. / His daughter studies abroad. I know the doctor daughter studies abroad. Have you seen my book? / The books cover is red. Have you s

15、een my book cover is red? 注意点：whose在定语从句中作定语，表示关系词与其后面的名词为所属关系。whose可指人，也可指物。指物时可与of which互换使用，指人时可与of whom互换使用。whose + n. = the + n. + of + whom / which = of + whom / which + the + n. E.g. The house whose roof is brown is mine. = The house is brown is mine. Yesterday she talked with one woman _ hus

16、band died in that accident. A. which B. whose C. of which D. that二、 who的特殊情况： 1. 先行词是all, everyone, one, ones, anyone且做主语时, 用who. E.g. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Everybody who were willing to see the film signed thei

17、r names here.2. 先行词是those时, 用who. E.g. Those who want to see the film sign up here.三、 由that引导的定语从句 that 在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。 E.g. This is the school in that you will study. ( ) This is the school you will study. This is the school you will study in. 注意点：在下列几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1) 不

18、定代词something, anything,nothing,all, any, little, much,few等作先行词. All that we have to do is to practise every day. Is there anything that I can do for you? Something that we heard was of great importance. (2) 先行词被all, much, few, little, every, each, no, some, any等词修饰. I have read all the books that yo

19、u gave me. (3) 先行词被the only, the very ,just the修饰. The only thing that we can do is to wait. This is the very pen that I am looking for. (4) 先行词被形容词最高级, 序数词或the last修饰. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten. (5) 先行词既有人又有物时. Th

20、ey talked of things and persons that they remembered. (6) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，无论先行词是人还是物，用that引导定语从句. He is no longer the man that he used to be. (7) 当句中已有who或which时，为避免重复. Who is the man that is talking to John?四、 当先行词为way时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况：that, in which 或不填。 I dont like the way that / in which / / you

21、 talked to your mother. 试比较： The way he explained to us was quite simple.( ) The way he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. （ ）五、 one of + 复数名词 + who / which / that + 复数谓语the only one of + 复数名词 + who / which / that + 单数谓语 1. The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildin

22、gs that (draw) a lot of visitors. 2 .The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that (be) seen from the moon.Step 3 Consolidation.Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns.1. The school _ _ you can see on the left is one of the oldest buildings in this city.2. The woman _ _

23、was ill was looked after by her family.3. They found the car was stolen last month.4. I met someone _ _brother I went to school with.5. Id like a room _ _ window looks out to the sea.6. He liked the gift _ his friends gave him.7. The girl _ is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.8. The girl

24、 _ our teacher is talking with is her daughter.9. The girl _ mother is from Britain can speak English very well.10. I cant find the book _ _is borrowed from the library.11. I cant find the book _ you lent to me.12. Have you read the book _ author/ the author of_ is a high school student?13. I used t

25、o study in a classroom _ windows/ the windows of _ were all broken. 14. Susan is the only person _ _ can understand me.15. This is an awful movie. Its the worst _ _ I have ever seen.Choose the best answer.1. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 2. The doc

26、tor _ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. the nurse is talking to C. whom the nurse is talking D. who the nurse is talking3. Here is the bicycle _ in the shop. A. that you saw it B. that saw it C. you sawD. you saw it4. I _ your friend, will try my best to help you ou

27、t. A. who is B. that is C. who am D. who are5. She lives in a house _ windows face south. A. whose B. which C. that D. who6. This is the student _ father is a pilot. A. who B. whom C. whose D. that7. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D

28、. who learn8. This is the only thing _ I can do now. A. who B. which C. that D. all9. I have read all the magazines _ you gave me. A. which B. that C. who D. whose10. The scientist told us it was the smallest living thing _could be seen under a microscope. A. that B. which C. / D. who 11. Who is the

29、 woman is sweeping the floor over there? A. who B. / C. that D. when 12. Finally the thief hand over everything _he had stolen to the police. A. that B. which C. whatD. Whose 13. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.A. which price B. the price of whoseC. its price D. whose price 14. The

30、professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers _ they had seen. A. that B. who C. which D. what 15. The river _ banks used to be covered with fruit trees and flowers is now seriously polluted.A. of which B. along which C. where D. whose 16. I dont like the way _ h

31、e spoke to me. A. what B. by which C. by that D. / 17. This is the very chance _ I am looking forward to. A. to which B. which C. whose D. that 18. Anyone _with what I said may raise your hand.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 19. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visite

32、d last Monday? A. one B. the oneC. which D. that 20. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one III. Translate the sentences into English.1. 刚才回答问题的那个女孩是韦华。2. 用铅笔写的信读起来很费劲。3. 我认识一个同学，他爸爸是宇航员。4. 这就是我和你谈过的那辆车。5. 昨天我买的书在哪儿?Period 3一、 关系副词引导的定语从句1. 由where引导的定语从句。

33、定语从句在修饰一个表示地点的名词时，常用where引导。 A book office is a place where tickets are sold. （where在从句中做状语） A book office is a place tickets are sold. This is the house where he lives. This is the house which he lives. This is the house he lives in. 在定语从句中关系副词where = 介词+ which2. 定语从句在修饰一个表示时间的名词时，常用when引导。 I still

34、 remember the year when we studied together. I still remember the year we studied together. I still remember the year we studied in together. 在定语从句中关系副词when = 介词+ which3. 由why引导的定语从句。 （1）关系副词why的先行词只有reason, 在从句中作原因状语。 Do you know the reason why I left early? Do you know the reason I left early? 在定语

35、从句中关系副词why = 介词for + which （2）但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that / which. The reason he gave us was unacceptable.二、 关系代词和关系副词的选用。 在定语从句中选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定。 试比较：1. This is the factory produces TV sets. This is the factory my father once worked. 2. Ill never forget the day we spent together in

36、the countryside. Ill never forget the day his house was broken into. 三、 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 “介词关系代词“结构中关系代词只可用whom或which, 不可用that或who。其中whom指代人，which指代物。 Who is the comrade you shook hands? This is the neighborhood I borrowed the bicycle.注意点：1）注意关系代词的位置 介词在关系代词前时，只能用which 和whom, 不能用that 代替, 也不可省略；介词在句尾时，

37、关系代词可which ,that ,whom, who，而且还可以省略。 This is the person you are going to work . = This is the person you are going to work with. Have you seen the pen I wrote letters this morning? = Have you seen the pen I wrote letters with this morning?2) 关系代词前的介词如何确定？ A.依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配 This is the book which I sp

38、ent five yuan. This is the book which I paid five yuan. This is the book which I learnt a lot. This is the book which Tom often talks. B.依据先行词的习惯搭配确定 I still remember the day which I joined the Party. I still remember the days which I lived in the country. C.根据所表达的意思确定 The gas which doctors can save

39、 the patients is called oxygen. The gas which we can not live is called oxygen.3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。 This is the boy whom she has taken care of. This is the book which /that I am looking for.4) 名词/ 代词/ 数词+ of + which / whom 引导的定语

40、从句。 They talked about a movie，the name of which Ive never forgotten In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, 16 of which were won by women China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Chaplin went to the states in 1910，by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies

41、He spoke of a pen-pal，the name of whom / of whom the name / whose name Ive never forgottenConsolidationExercise A：用when，where，why填空1. Do you still remember the place you were born?2. I dont remember the date my father were born3. Do you know the reason he killed himself?4. He was born in the year th

42、e Second World War broke out5. Please tell me the reason he is angry6. A: This is the place Lu Xun once lived. B: This is the place we visited last Sunday.7. A:Ill never forget the days we studied together. B:Ill never forget the days we spent together.8. A:The reason he came late is that he got up

43、late. B:The reason he gave for his absence is untrueExercise B：用介词+关系代词填空1. Are you interested in any songs youve listened.2. Tomorrow is a particular day his daughter will get married.3. This is the knife I usually cut bread.4. We cant live without the sun we get heat and light.5. The subject Eric

44、is interested is physics.6. This is the good car I spent all my money.7. She is the teacher all his students show respect .8. Do you know the girl our head teacher is shaking hands?9. I cant find my dictionary I paid over $100 .10. The teacher you have been waiting is coming in a minute.Exercise C：C

45、hoose the best answer.1. - Have you read the books? - Yes. Ive read all the books _ _ you gave me.A. which B. what C. that D. who2. September 18,1913 is the day _well never forget. A. that B. when C. on which D. on that3. That young girl is not the one _ _ she used to be. A. that B. who C. whom D. w

46、hat4. Is this factory _we visited last year?A. where B. in which C. the one D. at which5. This is the factory _we visited last year.A. where B. which C. the one D. at which6. The hard-working farmers and their happy life_ we saw in the countryside made a wonderful impression on us. A. whom B. who C.

47、 which D. /7. Have you found the woman _purse was lost?A. her B. of which C. that D. whose8. Where is the window _glass is broken?A. which B. that C. whose D. its9. The house _ we once lived in is being repaired by the workers. A. which B. where C. who D. whom10. Who is the comrade _was there?A. who

48、m B. that C. which D. of which11. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker.A. whom B. which C. who D. whose12. I dont like the way_ he looks at me. A. in that B. which C. of which D. /13. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who _in China.A. works B. is working C. are workin

49、g D. has been working14. Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who _in China.A. work B. is working C. are working D. have been working15. Those_want to see the film please put down your names here.A. which B. that C. whose D. who16. We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit to before.

50、A. which B. who C. where D. to where17. That is one of those books that _ worth reading. A. is B. have C. has D. are18. That was the reason_ Mike gave me the other day.A. why B. for that C. which D. for which19. On the bus I saw a student _ I thought was your brother. A. who B. whom C. which D. whoe

51、ver20. You must watch carefully everything _the teacher does in class.A. where B. that C. who D. what21. This is one of the most exciting football games _I have ever seen.A. that B. which C. what D. whom22. The last place _we visited in the countryside was a farm.A. that B. which C. where D. in whic

52、h 23. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people _he had visited. A which B that C who D whose24. The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which25. Is there any question _troubles you much?A. which B. where C.

53、who D. that26 .Who is the man _is speaking there?A. whom B. which C. that D. whose27. She is the only person _understands me.A. whom B. what C. whose D. that 28. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose29. Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. Which30. Tom is not the man _ he once was. A.