华南师范大学2012年考博英语试题

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1、华南师范大学2012年考博英语试题Section I Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: There are 40 sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose theword or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.1. Conscience _ him day and night after he saw the miseries other child which w

2、as caused by his misdoings with his own eyes. A. racks B. persecutes C. maltreats D. abuses2. Her professional ethics is now being questioned since she often _ her reports to suit the people she is speaking to. A. disfigures B. deforms C. misshapes D. distorts3. The developed countries are urging th

3、e developing countries to adopt a strategy that can _ the twin needs of development and preservation of nature. A. assimilate B. correspond C. coincide D. reconcile4. Venice _ as the major sea power of the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages, which was erne mentioned by some writers, such as Shakes

4、peare, Marlowe, etc. A. prevailed B. reigned C. presided D. restrained5. Terrorists _ to bombing city centers as a means of achieving their political aims. A. resorted B. took C. saw D. looked6. The dilemma I was caught in several years ago bears a close _ to the one you are involved in today, so pe

5、rhaps I can give you some advice. A. likeness B. resemblance C. analogy D. familiarity7. As civilization _ in the direction of technology, it passes the point of supplying all the basic essentials of life- food, shelter and clothes. A. processes B. precedes C. proceeds D. exceeds8. In most cases pol

6、iticians are _ as they seldom tell the truth. A. skeptical B. pessimistic - C. incredulous D. incredible9. He _ his children nothing and gave them whatever they wanted A. rejected B. denied C. deprived D. restrictedl 0. He _ of having missed a good opportunity to study abroad but he knew it was no u

7、se crying over spilt milk. A. wept B. mourned C. grieved D. repented11.The work is not very profitable_cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it A. in accordance with B. on the basis of C. in terms of D. in the light of12. When the hostess received my compliment on her new car, she responde

8、d with great pleasure about how the car is a _buy. A. modest B. choice C. superior D. eloquent13. After having been dismissed from the factory, John had to earn a meager living by the television sets. A. overusing B. patching C. servicing D. remedying14. In fact, the U.S Congress _ to the British Pa

9、rliament as they both have the right to make laws. A. agrees B. corresponds C. matches D. coincides15. The speaker announced that the President would convene his top aides for the regular meeting but he didnt the time and place . A. designate B. denote C. manifest D. specify16. The amount of heat pr

10、oduced by this electrical apparatus is -at will by turning a small. handle. A. variable B. various C. different D. diverse17. All visitors are requested to with the regulations. A. abide B. comply C. consent D. conform18. I him at Once as an American when he stepped onto the stage with three other a

11、ctors. A. regarded B. deemed C. spotted D. discerned19. By adapting to your mental condition, you can more in less time. A. complement B. implement C. compliment D. accomplish20. He had to be here at ten oclock, but because of a traffic accident, he didnt show up until midnight. A. overtaken B. unde

12、rtaken C. guaranteed D. warranted21. When the jury brought in a. of guilt, the defendant who was overwhelmingly arrogant several minutes ago drooped his head. A. judgment B. appraisal C. verdict D. conviction22. He Was. from the competition because he had not complied with the rules. A. forbidden. B

13、. barred C. disqualified D. excused23. He my authory, by allowing the children to do things that I have - ,by forbidden. A. impaired B. disabled C. undermined D. undid24. After completing the big dictionary which was popularly received by readers, this famous scholar set out to compile a. to it. A.

14、complement B. supplement C. accessory D. helper25. According to the geological theory put forward by a famous geologist at an academic conference newly held in England, the south of Iceland is to earthquakes A. disposed B. likely: C. liable D. inclined26. At the news, the demonstrators who had put t

15、he foreign goods under a boycott for several months protested but A. to naught B. to nothing C. to no avail D. to void27. This countrys development of science was greatly undermined for large numbers of scientific were ejected from their motherland since the dictator came into power. A. galaxy B. el

16、ite C. personnel D. swarm28. The university an honorary doctors degree on the distinguished scholar who was generally regarded as a credit to his own country. A. donated B. conferred C. subscribed D. granted29. The people of this country have entrenched themselves to any invaders who refuse to give

17、up their evil intention. A. ward off B. cut off C. work off D. lay off30. The mob was by the fiery speech and then they marched down the main street, and set many Chinese stores on fire. A. wakened B. aroused , C. inspired D. agitated31. The politician is shrewd and deep; he was him. seldom on what

18、he expected others to do for A. transparent B. explicit C. prominent D. conspicuous32. In the eyes of the linguists, there exists no among the languages in the world. A. status B. scale C. hierarchy D. gauge33. The radio program was presented a joint venture which was registered several months ago.

19、A. by courtesy of B. on account of C. by virtue of D. in terms of34. Some historians are convinced that Rome was a corrupt kingdom that deserved to A.die B. expire C. perish D. cease35. In the end they came to the conclusion that the evidence produced by the plaintiff was A. scarce B. rare C. scanty

20、 D. deficient36. The conductor of the orchestra was not satisfied with the ballet for the steps of the dancer was not with the rhythm of the music. A. coordinated B. corresponded C. synchronized D. reconciled37. It is natural for me to on his motives for the visits for we have not been on speaking t

21、erms for many years. A. reflect B. suppose C. speculate D. meditate38. The president placed a wreath on the monument to the heroes and then made a speech to pay to the great achievements of the martyrs. A. compliment B. gratitude C. tribute. D. commendation39. Bribery the confidence that must exist

22、between buyer and seller. A. aggravates B. deteriorates C. corrodes D. degenerates40. By evacuating the inhabitants in the densely populated areas of the city and establishing temporary shelters, the city. itself for a possible new quake. A. bolted B. braced C. reinforced D. strappedSection Use of E

23、nglish (20points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markedA, B, C or D on the answer sheet. The salmon is one of our most valuable fish. It offers us food, sport , and profit. Ever5, ),earcommercial fishing 41 a harvest of over a billion pounds o

24、f salmon from the sea. Hundreds ofthousands of salmon are caught each year by eager 42 fishers. In autumn, the rivers of the Northwestern United States come 43 with salmon. Thesalmon have left the ocean and are 44 their yearly run up river to spawn. Yet today, there arefar fewer salmon than 45 becau

25、se the salmon 46 has suffered from many perils of themodem age. Water pollution has killed many salmon by 47 them of oxygen. Over - fishing has further decreased their numbers. Dams are another 48 because they lock migration paths. Fishladders, 49 of stepped pools, have been built so that salmon can

26、 swim 50 over the dams.But young salmon swimming to the ocean have trouble 51 the ladders. Often they 52 their deaths over the dam or are killed in giant hydroelectric turbines. 53 America will continue to have plenty of salmon, conservationists have planned several. lays to 54 the salmon population

27、. Conservation officials have had some success 55 salmon in hatcheries and stocking salmon rivers with them. Salmon are also being 56 into new areas. In 1996, hundreds of thousands of young Coho salmon were planted in streams off Lake Michigan. The adults were expected to migrate to the lake and 57

28、an undesirable fish. The Cohoes 58 so well on this kind of fish in Lake Michigan 59 Cohoes are being planted in other Great Lakes. Thanks to the foresight and 60 of conservationists, the valuable salmon should be aroundAmerican shores, rivers, and lakes for a long time to come41. A. results in B. re

29、sults from C. results at D. resulted in42. A. commerce B. sports C. salmon D. kindness43. A. alive B. active C. live D. about-44. A. at B. in C. on D. by45. A. ever so B. ever since C. ever after D. ever before46. A. production B. population C. family D. growing47. A. forbidding B. exploiting C. rob

30、bing D. endangering48. A. danger B. obstacle C. problem D. element49. A. made up for B. made Up to C. made up D. made up of50. A. properly B. safely C. quickly D. frequently51. A. discover B. to climb C. finding D. measuring52. A. fall to B. fall back C. fall across D. fall away53. A. So that B. So

31、far as C. So much as D. So long as54. A. explode B. develop C. increase D. catch55. A. supporting B. raising C. keeping D. resulting56. A. invaded B. introduced C. found D. given57. A. live on B. feed in C. feed upon D. feed back58. A. activate B. grow C. thrived D. developed59. A. in which B. that

32、C. where D. which60. A. objectives B. planning C. invention D. arrangementSection Reading Comprehension (30 points)Direction: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passagecarefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or

33、D and mark thecorresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. TEXT A It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines has been introduced. For example, it has been suggeste

34、d that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up the

35、ir femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of the whole female sex into public industry. Observers thus differed concerning the soc

36、ial desirability of mechanization s effects, but they agreed that it would transform womens lives. Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinni

37、ng jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extensi

38、on of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880% created a new class of deadened

39、 jobs, thenceforth considered women s work. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with he-mechaniZafi6n of housework and an increase in leisure time for these w0men-than it did with their own economic necessity and with high ma

40、rriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later 5ecoming mostly white-collar instead of b

41、lue-coUar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for

42、advancement all persist, while womens household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position o

43、f women both in the labor market and in the home.61. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. The effects of the mechanization of womens work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary. B. Recent studies

44、have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a societys traditional values and the customary roles of its members C. Mechanization has caused the nature of womens work change since the Industrial Revolution. D. The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist

45、.62. The author, mentions all of the following inventions as examples of dramatic technological innovations EXCEPT the A. sewing machine B. vacuum cleaner C. typewriter D. telephone63. It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, the majority of womens work was done in

46、 which of the following settings? A. Textile mills. B. Private households. C. Offices. D. Factories.64. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would consider which of the following to be an indication of a fundamental alteration in the conditions of womens work? A. Statistics showing th

47、at the majority of women now occupy white-collar positions. B. Interviews with married men indicating that they are now doing some household tasks. C. Surveys of the labor market documenting the recent creation of a new class of jobs in electronics in which women workers outnumber men four to one. D

48、. Census results showing that working womens wages and salaries are, on the average, as high as those of working men.65. The passage states that, before the twentieth century, which of the following was true of many employers?A. They did not employ women in factories. B. They tended to employ single

49、 rather than married women. C. They employed women in only those jobs that were related to womens traditional household work. D. They resisted technological innovations that would radically change womens roles in the family. TEXT B Philosophy in the second half of the 19tb century was based more on

50、biology and history than on mathematics and physics. Revolutionary thought drifted away from metaphysics and epistemology and shifted more towards ideologies in science, politics, and sociology. Pragmatism became the most vigorous school of thought in American philosophy during this time, and it con

51、tinued the empiricist tradition of grounding knowledge on experience and stressing the inductive procedures of experimental science. The three most important pragmatists of this period were the American philosophers Charles Peirce (1839-1914), considered to be the first of the American pragmatists,

52、William James (1842-1910), the first great American psychologist, and John Dewey (1859 1952), who further developed the pragmatic principles of Peirce and James into a comprehensive system of thought that he called experimental naturalism, or instrumentalism. Pragmatism was generally critical of tra

53、ditional western philosophy, especially the notion that there are absolute truths and absolute values. In contrast, Josiah Royce (1855 - 1916), was a leading American exponent of idealism at this time, who beli.,ved in an absolute truth and held that human thought, and the external world were unifie

54、d. Pragmatism called for ideas and theories to be tested in practice, assessing whether the), produced desirable or undesirable results. Although pragmatism was popular for a time in Europe, most agree that it epitomized the American faith in know-how and practicality, and the equally American distr

55、ust of abstract theories and ideologies. Pragmatism is best understood in its historical and cultural context. It arose during a period of rapid scientific advancement, industrialization, and material progress; a time when the theory of evolution suggested to many thinkers that humanity and society

56、are in a perpetual state of progress. This period also saw a decline in traditional religious beliefs and values. As a result, it became necessary t6 rethink fundamental ideas about values, religion, science, community, and individuality. Pragmatists regarded all theories and institutions as tentati

57、ve hypotheses and solutions. According to their critics, the pragmatists refusal to affirm any absolutes carried negative implications for society? challenging the foundations of societys institutions.66. What is this passage primarily about? A. The evolution of philosophy in the second half of the

58、19tu century. B. The three most important American pragmatists of the late 19a century. C. The differences between pragmatism and traditional western philosophy. D. American pragmatism.67. Which of the following is true? A. Idealism was an important part of the pragmatic approach. B. Pragmatism was also known as traditional western philosophy. C. Pragmatism continued the empiricist tradition. D. Pragmatism is best understood independently