高考英语阅读理解推理题老师

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1、高考英语阅读理解：5种判断推理题详尽解法【命题特点】此类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它涉及判断和推理题。这两类题常常互相依存，推理是为了得出对的的判断，对的的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题规定在理解原文表面文字信息的基本上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所波及的内容也许是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指引思想都是以文字信息为根据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。因此，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。【常用考法】在解

2、答推理判断题时应注意： 提问中的常用单词： infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose 提问中常具有表达推测的情态动词： can, could, might, would提问中常具有表达也许性的副词或词组: probably, most likely 推理题常常使用的提问方式：推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式：1) The purpose in writing this text is to _.2) The author writes this passage to _.3) The auth

3、or in this passage intends to _.推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式：1) It can be inferred from the passage that _.2) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?3) From the passage we can conclude that _.推断文章出处的设题形式：1)The passage is most likely to be taken from_.2)Where would this passage most probably appear?3)The p

4、assage is most likely a part of_.解题思路鉴定推理是一种发明性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。推理鉴定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基本上，把握文章的真正内涵。要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕获有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基本;要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从不凡到一般，通过度析、综合、鉴定等，进行深层解决，符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事，断章取义，以偏概全。要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为根据。立足已知，推断未知。立足目前，猜想将来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点替代作者的观点;要把握句、段之间的逻

5、辑关系，理解语篇的构造。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。猜想词义题根据生活常识猜想词义 A Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads，”“My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”The word “boasting” means _ A.骄傲 B.吹牛 C.顽皮 D.幼稚 BMany plants and anim

6、als are going extinct. Mammoths，which are related(有关联的) with Asia elephants，are now extinct. There are no mammoths in the world today.1.A mammoth is a kind of _. A. plant B. bird C. animal D. tree2.The word extinct means _.A.浮现 B.危险 C. 灭绝 D.幸存 C AnnealingAnnealing is a way of making metal softer by

7、heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to mak

8、e metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.（1990NMET）Why do people put

9、hot metal in water?A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle.分析答案为A，此题属推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热，然后迅速放到水里冷却，也就会变得非常硬，但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。brittle是随着的客观成果，故选A而不选D。B项明显错误；C项是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _.A. the quantity of wat

10、er used B. the temperature of the metalC. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation分析答案为D,此题属概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本答案的根据是5和6两句，The metal is heated,length of time., The longerthe softer it becomes. cool 的时间是可以控制的，时间越长越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论：在退火过程中，金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。As suggested by the

11、text, how can glass be made less brittle?A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.分析答案为C此题属推理判断题。文中提到metal。最后一句说退火工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其她材料。文中我们已知annealing就是先heat后cool slowl

12、y。由此推断C是对的的。一、细节推断题规定考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理鉴定。DA visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. T

13、he visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native, “Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, He said he lives on the western side of the island.

14、Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?1. According to the messengers answer, the visitor can conclude that_A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may

15、 be a lie.C. its hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.2. The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion

16、of the following is wrong?A. He may live on the eastern side of the island. B. He may live on the western side of the island.C. He may be telling the truth. D. He cant be telling the truth.解析: 第1题是推测有关信使(近处的本地人)的状况的。我们懂得，讲真话的部落住在岛的西部，撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的本地人住在岛的哪一边(东部还是西部)。远方的本地人只能有两种状况，要么住在岛的西部，要么住

17、在岛的东部。如果她住在岛的西部，她就是一种讲真话的人，她就会如实回答她住在西部。如果她住在岛的东部，她就是一种撒谎的人。她本来住在东部，但在回答时，必须要说谎，她只能回答她住在西部。因此远方的本地人不管是住在东部还是西部，她的回答只有一种：“我住在西部”。如果信使告诉参观者远方的本地人住在西部，信使无疑是说了真话，那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之，如果信使告诉参观者远方的本地人住在东部，那么信使就说了假话，信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。第2题是推测远方的本地人的状况的。从短文提供的信息来看，我们无法鉴定远方的本地是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部，两种状况都是也许存在的。此题要留意情态动词的语调。

18、A.“她也许住在岛的西部”;B.“她也许住在岛的东部”;C.“她也许讲了真话”。上述A、B、C三种状况都是也许的。D.“她不也许讲真话”，语调太绝对。推测错误。故答案为D。二、因果推断题规定考生根据已知成果推测导致成果的也许因素。考生要对的把握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。EWhen the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed m

19、e to come near. When I walked over, she asked, “Are you single? “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her?1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was b

20、eautiful. D. it strange for her to fall in love with him2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much解析: 这是两道推测因素的题目。女服务员每天向作者示好，作者产生误解，觉得女孩对她故意。考虑到她们年龄相差悬殊，

21、作者觉得女孩爱上她有点希奇。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者与否独身，并提到她妈妈也是独身，并邀请她与她妈妈会面，可见，女孩每天向她问好，目的是想获得她的好感，进而搓和她和她妈妈。第2题答案是C。 FOnce Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to thank the innkeeper. “You, have served me well, innkeeper, “said Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell me what you want. “Sir, we want n

22、othing, “said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something? “What is it? Napoleon asked. “We have heard a story. said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians. You happened to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you

23、felt when they were looking for you? Napoleon looked very angry. He called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard. At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the ha

24、nds of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing. “Please, sir. begged the innkeeper, “Dont kill us! we meant nothing! The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim! The wife screamed. “Stop! said Napoleon. He went to the inn

25、keeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, dont you? 1.Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for?A. He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people.B. He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thou

26、ght a great man shouldnt be defeated. C. He showed his sympathy (同情) to Napoleon in time of danger. D. He was interested in others failure, especially Napoleons.2. Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple?A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.B. Becaus

27、e he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.D. Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.解析: 1. 此题为因果推断题。根据“S

28、ir, we want nothing, said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something? 可以看出来，这个店老板问拿破仑这个问题是出于好奇。她想懂得作为将军的拿破仑与一般人究竟有什么区别。故答案为A。 2. 因果推断题。从最后一句话“Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, dont you? 可以看出拿破仑并不想杀这个店老板，她这样做的目的是想让她体验一下她当时的感受。故可推出面对危险像拿破仑这样的将军与一般人没有什么两样。故答案为D。三、人物性格、

29、态度及观点鉴定题高考阅读测试中有些是考察考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语调、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要留意：1)由表及里的对的把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点替代作者的思想观点。2)特殊留意那些描写环境氛围的语言，以及体现感情、态度观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，特别是体现感情色彩的形容词。3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化老式、风俗习惯等背景知识来辨认评价。 GA well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was c

30、orrect that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “Thats right, said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I havent an enemy in the world. They re all dead.“Well sir, said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.The old man looks at

31、the young man closely, and said, “I cant see why you shouldnt. You look fit and healthy to me!1. What kind of man would you say the old man was?A. He was silly. B. He was unpleasant. C. He was very proud and sure of his health.D. He was very impolite to young people.解析: 记者但愿在老人100岁生日时能再访老人，但愿她能活到100

32、岁。而老人故意歧解记者的话(我看不出你来年为什么不能采访我?你似乎还很健康呀!)体现了老人对自己健康状态的自信。答案为C。HThree men were discussing how to donate(捐献) money to God. At first they couldnt agree with each other, then they each told his own idea.The first man said: “Lets draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground. The money o

33、ut of the circle belongs to God.The second man added, “We will donate the coins inside the circle to God because God is in our hearts.The third man said: “Your ideas are not bad, but I have a better idea than yours. Lets throw coins into the sky. The coins that God accepts belong to him. So God can

34、accept as much money as he can.At last, they agreed to the last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily.1. According to the passage, we can draw a conclusion:A. All the three men were kindhearted.B. The third man is more generous than the other two.C. None of them believed in God.D. T

35、hree men are all stingy(吝啬) people.解析:从三人提的建议看，她们三人都不乐意给上帝捐钱，三人都是吝啬的人，故选D。四、猜想想象推理题有些内容文章中没有明确阐明，规定考生根据语篇，对事件也许的结局或下段也许波及的内容等进行猜想推理。做此类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章也许按事件发展的通过描写，也也许按因果关系、对比关系来论述)，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的猜想。 IThere was ice on the road, and the doctors car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surp

36、rise, he was not hurt .He got out of the car and walked to the nearest house, he wanted to telephone the garage(汽车修理厂) for help. The door was opened by one of his patients.“Oh, Doctor. she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. T

37、here has been a very bad accident in the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help.1.Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story?A. “Yes, he does need help your help, not mine.B. “Another accident

38、? Ive just had an accident myself?C. “I got your call and rushed over. I hope Im not too late.D. “I didnt get your call. But Im here and hope I can help.解析: 出事故的车恰恰是医生的车，当她听她的病人说出事司机需要协助时，她会不失风趣地说：“是的，她需要协助，是你的协助，而不是我的协助”。她要借用病人家的电话给修车厂打电话。答案是A。五、写作意图推测题此题型规定考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述

39、自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型规定同窗们不仅能理解文章的内容，同步还要具有对作者论述问题的写作措施进行归纳总结和分析的能力。JBeldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holidaymakers and other tourists (观光者).Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze

40、Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the towns newspaper. The Beldon Post: FIRE AT SEABREEZELate last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all

41、our visitors： “Please dont smoke cigarettes in bed.”This was Beldons first hotel fire for five years. The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one：ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRELast night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Se

42、abreeze Hotel. An angry holidaymaker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.“We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield

43、. What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel. Now what do you think of the rest of the “news ?1.The Canfield Tim

44、es used the headline(标题)like this in order to make its readers think -_.A. hotels in Beldon often catch fireB. hotels in Beldon dont often catch fireC. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze HotelD. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe解析: 答案为 A。作者意图推断题。本文通过两个对手都市的报纸对同一件火灾事故的不同报道，对新闻报道的真实性提出了怀疑。ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE中ANOTHER是个要害词，暗示了Beldon的宾馆火灾频繁。