七年级 第章 整式的乘法与因式分解 总复习

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1、七年级 第9章 整式的乘法与因式分解 总复习课标要求:1理解整式的概念,能进行简单的整式乘法运算(其中多项式相乘仅指一次式之间以及一次式与二次式相乘)。2. 能推导乘法公式:(a+b)( a- b) = a2- b2; (ab)2 = a 22ab + b 2,了解公式的几何背景,并能利用公式进行简单计算。3能用提公因式法、公式法(直接利用公式不超过二次)进行因式分解(指数是正整数)。重点难点:1. 灵活运用整式乘法法则和乘法公式进行运算。2. 会对一个多项式进行因式分解知识梳理:(一).1、 单项式的概念:由数与字母的乘积构成的代数式叫做单项式。单独的一个数或一个字母也是单项式。单项式的数字

2、因数叫做单项式的系数,所有字母指数和叫单项式的次数。如:的 系数为 ,次数为 ,单独的一个非零数的次数是 。2、 多项式:几个单项式的和叫做多项式。多项式中每个单项式叫多项式的项,次数最高项的次数叫多项式的次数。如:,项有、1,二次项为 一次项为 ,常数项为 ,各项次数分别为 ,系数分别为 ,叫二次四项式。3、整式:单项式和多项式统称 。注意:凡分母含有字母代数式都不是整式。也不是单项式和多项式。(二)1.单项式乘以单项式法则:单项式与单项式相乘,把它们的 、 分别相乘,对于只在一个单项式里含有的字母,则连同它的指数作为 的一个因式注意:积的系数等于各因式系数的积,先确定符号,再计算绝对值。相

3、同字母相乘,运用同底数幂的乘法法则。只在一个单项式里含有的字母,则连同它的指数作为积的一个因式单项式乘法法则对于三个以上的单项式相乘同样适用。单项式乘以单项式,结果仍是一个单项式。如:2、单项式乘以多项式法则:单项式与多项式相乘,就是用 项式去乘 项式的每一项,再把所得的积 即(都是单项式)注意:积是一个多项式,其项数与多项式的项数相同。运算时要注意积的符号,多项式的每一项都包括它前面的符号。在混合运算时,要注意运算顺序,结果有同类项的要合并同类项。如:3. 多项式乘以多项式法则:多项式与多项式相乘,先用一个多项式的 乘另一个多项式的 ,再把所得的积 如:(x + 5)(x 6)= 4. 单项

4、式除以单项式法则:单项式相除,把 、 分别相除,作为商的 对于只在被除数式里含有的 ,连同它的 作为商的一个因式。(单项式相除,把系数、同底数幂分别相除,作为商的因式,对于只在被除式里含有的字母,则连同它的指数作为商的一个因式。)注意:首先确定结果的系数(即系数相除),然后同底数幂相除,如果只在被除式里含有的字母,则连同它的指数作为商的一个因式如:5. 多项式除以单项式法则:多项式除以单项式,先把这个 项式的每一项除以这个 项式,再把所得的商 (多项式除以单项式,先把这个多项式的每一项除以这个单项式,在把所的的商相加。)即:6. 平方差公式: 公式特征:左边是两个二项式相乘,并且这两个二项式中

5、有一项完全相同,另一项互为相反数。右边是相同项的平方减去相反项的平方。如: 7. 完全平方公式: 公式特征:左边是一个二项式的完全平方,右边有三项,其中有两项是左边二项式中每一项的平方,而另一项是左边二项式中两项乘积的2倍。注意: 文字叙述:两个数的和的平方,等于这两个数的 与它们的积的 倍的和;两个数的差的平方,等于这两个数的 与它们的积的2倍的 .完全平方公式的口诀:首平方,尾平方,加上首尾乘积的2倍。8. 三项式的完全平方公式:9. 因式分解:把一个多项式化成几个整式的 的形式的变形叫做把这个多项式因式分解19、分解因式要注意的问题:(1)如果多项式各项含有公因式,则第一步是 (2)如果

6、多项式各项没有公因式,则第一步考虑用 分解因式(3)第一步分解因式以后,所含的多项式还可以继续分解,则需要进一步分解因式直到每个多项式因式都 为止分解因式常用方法:1)提取公因式法:a是多项式ab + ac + ad 各项都含有的因式,称为这个多项式各项的公因式一个多项式各项的公因式常常不止一个,通常,当多项式的各项的系数都是整数时 ,公因式的系数应取各项系数的最大公约数;字母应取各项相同的字母,而且字母的指数取次数最低, 例如 各项有公因式3ab, 如果多项式的各项含有公因式,那么就可以把这个公因式提到括号外,把多项式写成公因式与 的积的形式,这种分解因式的方法叫做 2)公式法:运用平法差公

7、式、完全平方公式,把一个多项式分解因式的方法叫做运用公式法3)分组分解法:观察多项式: 发现:多项式中既无公因式可提,也无公式法可用,但第一,第二项有公因式: ,第三,第四项有公因式: 。所以,后,又发现有公因式: ,最后。这种利用分组来分解因式的方法叫做分组分解法4)十字相乘法:x25x6( )( );分析上式,我们发现,二次项的系数1分解成1和1两个因数的积;常数项6分解成2和3两个因数的积;当我们把1, 1;2, 3竖写后再交叉相乘的和正好等于一次项系数(如图) 最后横写两个一次式就是分解的结果。 像这种分解二次项的系数和常数项后交叉相乘的和等于一次项系数的方法,通常叫做十字相乘法。考点

8、归纳:考点一: 单项式乘以单项式例1.计算下列各式 例2.计算:cm,(1)它的表面积是多少?(2)它的体积是多少?例4.若,求例5. 若,求练习:1.判断正误:(1) ( ) (2) ( )(3) ( ) (4) ( )(5) ( )2.计算: (1) (2) (3) (4) 考点二:单项式乘以多项式例1计算右图的面积(1)若看成一个大长方形(整体看)它的长为 ,宽为 ,面积为 (2)若看成是由3个小长方形组成,每个小长方形的面积分别为 、 、 ,则大长方形的面积为 (3)根据上面的两个问题,则有等式 例2.计算下列各式,并说明理由:(1)2a(a31) (2)例3化简求值: ,其中,例4.

9、 如图,一长方形地块用来建造住宅、广场、商厦,求住宅用地的面积住宅用地人民广场商厦例5已知x2y=3,求2xy(x5y24x)的值例6当、为何值时,的展开式中,不含有和的项例7. 观察下列各式的计算过程: 55 = 01100 + 25 1515 = 12100 + 252525 = 23100 + 253535 = 34100 + 25请猜想第n个算式(n为正整数)应表示为: 练习:1.判断下列命题正确与否,错误的请改正。(1)3xy(x22xy)=5xyx2 ( ) (2)5x(2x2y)=10x35xy( ) (3)5mn(2m+3n1)=10m2n+15mn21 ( ) (4)(ab)

10、2(2ab2c)=2a3b4a2b2c( ) 2.根据单项式乘多项式的法则填空 (1)( ) (2)( + )(3)(4) 已知a(2a-3a)=2a-3a,则x= ,y= .3.解方程 2x(x1)x(3x2)= -x(x2)12 4.计算(1) ; (2)5x2(2xy)2x2(7x2y22x) abcd考点三:多项式乘以多项式例1. 看图回答:(1)大长方形的长是_,宽是 (2)四个小长方形面积分别是_来源:Z。xx。k.Com (3)由(1),(2)可得出等式_ _(多项式乘多项式法则)_ _例2、计算 (1)(3x2)( x1) (2) 例3、先化简再求值:,其中例4、解方程 (3x

11、2)(2x3)=(6x5)(x1)1 例5、(1)若,求(2)若,求的值例6若(x4)(M)x2x(N),M为一个多项式,N为一个整数,则 ( ) AMx3,N12 BMx5,N20 CMx3N12 DMx5,N20例7若的展开式中不含和项,求的值练习:1、 .,2、三个连续偶数,若中间一个为,则它们的积是 3、 长方形一边长,另一边比它长,则这个长方形面积为 4、(1) (x2px3)(xq)的乘积中不含 x2项,则 ( ) Apq Bpq Cpq D无法确定(2) 若0x1,那么代数式(1x)(2x)的值是 ( ) A一定为正B一定为负 C一定为非负数 D不能确定(3)方程(x4)(x5)

12、x220的解是( ) Ax0 Bx4 Cx5 Dx405. 若M(a3)(a4),N(a2)(2a5),其中a为有理数,则M与N的大小关系为( ) AMN BMN CMN D无法确定6.化简求值 ,其中7. 若恒成立,试求、的值考点四:乘法公式四1完全平方式例1.若将右图看成一个大正方形,则它的面积为 若将右图看成是由两个小长方形和两个小正方形组成的图形,则它的面积为 由此得到等式 例 例3.计算: 例4.2 (2)2012 例5.填空 (1)(2)(3)( )+xy +y = ( + ) (4)x + 6xy + =( + ) 例6. 已知 ,求和的值 .例7. 已知 ,求代数式 例8(20

13、14巴中)如图是我国古代数学家杨辉最早发现的,称为“杨辉三角”它的发现比西方要早五百年左右,由此可见我国古代数学的成就是非常值得中华民族自豪的!“杨辉三角”中有许多规律,如它的每一行的数字正好对应了(a+b)n(n为非负整数)的展开式中a按次数从大到小排列的项的系数例如,(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2展开式中的系数1、2、1恰好对应图中第三行的数字;再如,(a+b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3展开式中的系数1、3、3、1恰好对应图中第四行的数字请认真观察此图,写出(a+b)4的展开式,(a - b)4= 例9. 已知 x + y+ z = 2 , xy + yz + xz = - 5

14、, 求 的值练习:1下列运算中,正确的是 ( ) A(mn)2m2n2 B(3pq)23p26pqq2 C D(a2b)2a22ab4b22.计算(1)( 2ab)2 ; (2)( a6)2; (3)(2x3y)2(2x3y)2 (4) (5) 3.填空: (1); (2);(3) (4)4. 计算(1) (2)5. 已知 ,求 的值四2. 平方差公式例1边长为b的小正方形纸片放置在边长为a的大正方形纸片上,如右图,你能用不同方法求出未被盖住的部分的面积吗? a a例2. 计算:(1) (2) 来源:学#科#网例: (2a+5b)(2a-5b); (9-2a)(9+2a); (-7+x)(7-

15、x); 10397 其中能用平方差公式计算进行的是 例4. 只要你动动脑筋,相信你一定可以找到更简便的方法:(1) (2)(3)6258 (4)例5. (2014.包头)计算 :(x+1)- (x+2)(x-2)= 例6. (2014益阳)若x29=(x3)(x+a),则a= 例7. 计算:2(31)(321)(341)(3321)1例6.先化简,再求值: ,其中例7. 探究题: 观察下列式子:(x21)(x1)x1; (x31)(x1)x2x1; (x41)(x1)x3x2x1 (x51)(x1)x4x3x2x1 .你能得到一般情况下(xn1)(x1)的结果吗?(n为正整数) .根据的结果计

16、算:12222324262263.练习:2. 下列多项式乘法中,可以用平方差公式的是 ( ) A(mn)(mn) B(2mn )(2mn) C(abc)(abc) D(mn)(mn)3. 填空: ( )= ( )=( )( )= ( )2. 计算: (1)10298 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 3(2014浙江宁波)一个大正方形和四个全等的小正方形按图、两种方式摆放,则图的大正方形中未被小正方形覆盖部分的面积是多少?(用a、b的代数式表示)4. 通过计算探索规律:(1)15 =225可写成 12100 + 2525 =625可写成23100 + 2535 = 1225可写成3410

17、0 + 2585 = 7225可写成 (2)从第一小题的结果,归纳,得 (10n + 5) (3)根据上面的归纳,计算 2005 考点五: 因式分解:( 注意:因式分解的结果要分解到不能再分解为止。) 五1:提公因式法例1.把下列各式的公因式写在式子的边上.(1)3x2x (2)4x6 (3)3mb22nb (4)7y221y(5)8a3b212a2bab (6)7x3y242x2y3 例2.下列各式从左到右的变形,哪些是因式分解? (1)6x2y22x2y3y;( ) (2)abacd=a(bc)d( ) (3) a21=(a1)(a1)( ) (4)(a1)(a1) = a21( ) (5

18、) x21=x(x )( ) (6)ab=(a+b)( )例3.将下列各式因式分解.(1)42-123; (2)() (4) (2ab)(2a3b)3a(2ab)例4(2014毕节地区)下列因式分解正确的是( )A 2x22=2(x+1)(x1)B x2+2x1=(x1)2Cx2+1=(x+1)2D x2x+2=x(x1)+2例6.计算下列各式的值. (1) (2)例7.已知求多项式的值.例8. 试说明能被7整除。练习:1.下列各式由左边到右边的变形,哪些是因式分解,哪些不是?(1)+=(+)+; (2)2-1=(+1)(-1);(3)(+1)(-1)=2-12、将下列各式因式分解. (3)8

19、a2b24a2b2ab (4) 10(ab)25(ba)3 3.将下列各式因式分解.(1) (2)4.若,求的值。 5. 已知 可以被在 60 至 70 之间的两个整数整除,则这两个整数是多少?五2:公式法 (平方差公式和完全平方公式)(一)因式分解之平方差公式 例1. 把下列各式分解因式.(1) (2) 例2. 把下列各式分解因式 例3.(2014年广东)已知a+b=4,ab=3,则a2b2=例4. ( 2014福建泉州)分解因式x2yy3结果正确的是()Ay(x+y)2By(xy)2Cy(x2y2)Dy(x+y)(xy)例5. (2014呼和浩特)某商品先按批发价a元提高10%零售,后又按

20、零售价降低10%出售,则它最后的单价是()元AaBaCaDa例6. 已知:,求的值例7利用因式分解计算:练习:1.判断下列各式是否是因式分解.(1) () (2)()(3) () (4) ( )3. ( 2014广西贺州,第13题3分)分解因式:a34a= 2把下列各式因式分解. 3.(2014武汉)分解因式:a3a= 4. 计算:(1)(1)(1) (1)(1)(二). 因式分解之完全平方公式例1. ( 2014安徽省)下列四个多项式中,能因式分解的是()A a2+1Ba26a+9Cx2+5yDx25y例2.把下列各式分解因式(1) (2) (1) (2) 例3.把下列各式分解因式 (1)

21、(2)例4.已知2xy=b,x3y=1 求:14y(x3y)24(3yx)3的值. 例6. (2014孝感)若ab=1,则代数式a2b22b的值为 例7.(2014菏泽)分解因式:2x34x2+2x= 2x(x1)2=_ 例8. 已知,求代数式的值.例9. 若、为ABC的三边长,试判断代数式的值是正数,还是负数练习:1.请补上项,使下列多项式成为完全平方式:(1)4m2 n2(2m )2 (2)x2 16y2( )2;(3)4a29b2 ( )2 (3) 2pq1( )2.2( 2014广西玉林市)下面的多项式在实数范围内能因式分解的是()Ax2+y2Bx2yCx2+x+1Dx22x+13(2

22、014浙江金华)把代数式分解因式,结果正确的是【 】 A B C D4.把下列各式分解因式:(1) (2) (3) (4)(5) (6)5.(2014邵阳)将多项式m2n2mn+n因式分解的结果是 6(2014浙江)(1)化简:(a+b)2+(ab)(a+b)2ab;7. 已知ab=5,ab=3, 求代数式a3b2a2b2ab3的值. 8已知xy=4 xy=2 求2x3y4x2y22xy3的值 五3因式分解的分组分解法 例1. 把下列多项式分解因式例2. 把下列多项式分解因式: (3) (4).例3已知a,b,c是三角形ABC的三边,且满足试判别三角形的形状.练习:1 用分组分解a2b2c22

23、bc的因式,分组正确的是 ( )2把下列各式分解因式 (3)x26xy9y2a2 (4)14a2b24ab 3.已知a,c是等腰三角形ABC的两边,且满足,试求三角形的周长五4. 因式分解的十字相乘法例1.用十字相乘法分解:x27x12=( )( ) 画图:x2x6 x2x6 注意:竖分解,横书写例2(用十字相乘法进行二次项系数不是1的二次三项式的因式分解)1. 把下列多项式因式分解2x+3x+1 2y+y-6 4m+8mn+3n= = =例3综合使用因式分解的方法进行因式分解 =(x2-9)(x2+4) = = 例4. (2014株洲)分解因式:x2+3x(x3)9 练习:1、把下列多项式分

24、解因式:(1) (2) (3). (4) 2如果,那么p等于 ( )Aab Bab Cab D(ab)3如果,则b为 ( )A5 B6 C5 D64多项式可分解为(x5)(xb),则a,b的值分别为 ( )A10和2 B10和2 C10和2 D10和25(ma)(mb) a_,b_6.多项式可以分解为,则p= .7若xy6,则代数式的值为_8把下列各式分解因式:(英文版 ) easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take

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31、g Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but

32、with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to

33、reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the

34、heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, some just a calm, a calm. 3, me

35、mory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not giv

36、e up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, completely depends

37、on how we look at and deal with it. Dont always take everything back to things, and dont get into a blind alley, dont want to face, dont be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, i

38、s my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, Im afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell dont 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things; life ha

39、ppy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Gr

40、ow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth,Each youth are a story, the life of t

41、he world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open ones mouth, b

42、ecause words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also dont envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeak

43、able. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never know your h

44、eart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, maam, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, dont envy him A sum of, dont lose your life and the life, r

45、espectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot

46、 change also cant let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior.

47、A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not

48、a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the othe

49、r side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only

50、inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what

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