实验六路由器与路由器

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1、静态路由配置【实验名称】 静态路由配置。【实验目的】 理解静态路由的工作原理，掌握如何配置静态路由。【背景描述】假设校园网分为2 个区域，每个区域内使用1台路由器连接2个子网，现要在路由器上 做适当配置，实现校园网内各个区域子网之间的相互通信。【需求分析】两台路由器通过串口以 V.35 DCE/DTE 电缆连接在一起，每个路由器上设置 2 个 Loopback 端口模拟子网，设置静态路由，实现所有子网间的互通。实验拓扑】DTE172.15.HM241D.11jG24DCERuuterARoutefS192.1P8.1jO/2+17216 2.0/24和2河24图 6-1 实验拓扑图实验设备】

2、路由器（带串口） 2 台V.35 DCE/DTE 电缆 1 对【预备知识】 路由器的工作原理和基本配置方法，静态路由的工作原理和配置方法【实验原理】路由器属于网络层设备，能够根据IP包头的信息，选择一条最佳路径，将数据包转发 出去。实现不同网段的主机之间的互相访问。路由器是根据路由表进行选路和转发的。而路由表里就是由一条条的路由信息组成。路 由表的产生方式一般有 3 种： 直连路由 给路由器接口配置一个IP地址，路由器自动产生本接口 IP所在网段的 路由信息。 静态路由 在拓扑结构简单的网络中，网管员通过手工的方式配置本路由器未知 网段的路由信息，从而实现不同网段之间的连接。动态路由协议学习产

3、生的路由 在大规模的网络中，或网络拓扑相对复杂的情况 下，通过在路由器上运行动态路由协议，路由器之间互相自动学习产生路由信息。【实验步骤】第一步：配置路由器的名称、接口 IP地址和时钟R3740#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R3740(config)#hostname RouterA！配置路由器的名称RouterA(config)#RouterA(config)#interface serial 4/0!进入端口 S4/0的接口配置模式RouterA(config-

4、if)#clock rate 512000!设置串口的时钟RouterA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0!设置端口的IP地址RouterA(config-if)#no shutdown!开启端口RouterA(config-if)#exitRouterA(config)#RouterA(config)#interface loopback 0!设置Loopback端口用于测试RouterA(config-if)#Sep 15 01:05:02 RouterA %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE: Interface

5、Loopback 0, changed state to UPRouterA(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 RouterA(config-if)#exitRouterA(config)#RouterA(config)#interface loopback 1RouterA(config-if)#Sep 15 01:05:31 RouterA %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE: Interface Loopback 1, changed state to UPRouterA(config-if)#ip address

6、 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 RouterA(config-if)#exitR3740#configure terminalEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R3740 (config)#hostname RouterBRouterB(config)#RouterB(config)#interface serial 4/0RouterB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 RouterB(config-if)#no shutdo

7、wnRouterB(config-if)#exitRouterB(config)#RouterB(config)#interface loopback 0RouterB(config-if)#Aug 22 03:03:36 RouterB %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE: Interface Loopback 0, changed state to UPRouterB(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 RouterB(config-if)#exitRouterB(config)#RouterB(config)#inter

8、face loopback 1RouterB(config-if)#Aug 22 03:04:03 RouterB %7:%LINE PROTOCOL CHANGE: Interface Loopback 1, changed state to UPRouterB(config-if)#ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 RouterB(config-if)#exit第二步：配置静态路由RouterA(config)#ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 ！设置到子网 10.1.1.0 的静态路由，采用下一跳的方

9、式 RouterA(config)#ip route 10.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 s4/0 ！设置到子网 10.2.2.0 的静态路由，采用出站端口的方式RouterB(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 RouterB(config)#ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 s4/0第三步：查看路由表和接口配置RouterA#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPO - OSPF, IA -

10、 OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setS 10.1.1.0/24 1/0 via 192.168.1.2S 10.2.2.0/2

11、4 is directly connected, serial 4/0C172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 0C 172.16.1.1/32 is local host.C172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 1C 172.16.2.1/32 is local host.C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, serial 4/0C 192.168.1.1/32 is local host. ！可以看到以下一跳方式配置的静态路由和以出站端口方式配

12、置的静态路由，在路由表 中的显示方式是不一样的RouterA#show interfaces serial 4/0Index(dec):1 (hex):1serial 4/0 is UP , line protocol is UP Hardware is Infineon DSCC4 PEB20534 H-10 serialInterface address is: 192.168.1.1/24MTU 1500 bytes, BW 2000 KbitEncapsulation protocol is HDLC, loopback not set Keepalive interval is 10

13、 sec , setCarrier delay is 2 sec RXload is 1 ,Txload is 1Queueing strategy: WFQ11421118 carrier transitionsV35 DCE cableDCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up5 minutes input rate 19 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec5 minutes output rate 19 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec95 packets input, 4134 bytes, 0 no buffer, 1 droppe

14、dReceived 69 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 abort94 packets output, 4118 bytes, 0 underruns , 0 dropped0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resetsRouterB#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP B - BGPO - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 -

15、OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate defaultGateway of last resort is no setC10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 0C 10.1.1.1/32 is l

16、ocal host.C10.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback 1C 10.2.2.1/32 is local host.S 172.16.1.0/24 1/0 via 192.168.1.1S172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, serial 4/0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, serial 4/0 C 192.168.1.2/32 is local host.RouterB#show interfaces serial 4/0Index(dec):1 (hex

17、):1serial 4/0 is UP , line protocol is UPHardware is Infineon DSCC4 PEB20534 H-10 serialInterface address is: 192.168.1.2/24MTU 1500 bytes, BW 2000 KbitEncapsulation protocol is HDLC, loopback not setKeepalive interval is 10 sec , setCarrier delay is 2 secRXload is 1 ,Txload is 1Queueing strategy: W

18、FQ11421118 carrier transitionsV35 DTE cableDCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up5 minutes input rate 74 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec5 minutes output rate 74 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec86 packets input, 3942 bytes, 0 no buffer, 0 droppedReceived 61 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 o

19、verrun, 0 abort87 packets output, 3964 bytes, 0 underruns , 0 dropped0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets第四步：测试网络连通性RouterA#ping 10.1.1.1Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/10 msRouterA#ping 1

20、0.2.2.1Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 10.2.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/10 msRouterB#ping 172.16.1.1Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/1

21、0 msRouterB#ping 172.16.2.1Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echoes to 172.16.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/10 ms【注意事项】1、如果两台路由器通过串口直接互连，则必须在其中一端设置时钟频率（DCE）。2、静态路由必须双向都配置才能互通，配置时注意回程路由。【参考配置】RouterA#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current

22、 configuration : 745 bytes !version RGNOS 10.1.00(4), Release(18443)(Tue Jul 17 21:16:17 CST 2007 -ubu1server) hostname RouterA!interface serial 4/0ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0clock rate 512000 !interface serial 4/1clock rate 64000 !interface GigabitEthernet 0/0duplex autospeed auto !interfa

23、ce GigabitEthernet 0/1duplex autospeed auto !interface Loopback 0ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 !interface Loopback 1ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 !ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2ip route 10.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 serial 4/0 !line con 0line aux 0line vty 0 4loginRouterB#show runn

24、ing-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 725 bytes!version RGNOS 10.1.00(4), Release(18443)(Tue Jul 17 21:16:17 CST 2007 -ubu1server) hostname RouterB!interface serial 4/0ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0!interface serial 4/1clock rate 64000!interface GigabitEthernet 0/0duplex autospeed auto!interface GigabitEthernet 0/1duplex autospeed auto!interface Loopback 0ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0!interface Loopback 1ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0!ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 serial 4/0!line con 0line aux 0line vty 0 4login