英语简单句突破学案

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1、英语简朴句突破学案（一）句子种类两种分类法w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否认）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感慨句：How clever the boy is!2、

2、按句子的构造可分三种：1）简朴句：只有一种主语（或并列主语）和一种谓语（或并列谓语）。e. g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简朴句连在一起构成。e. g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; t

3、he road is tortuous. 前程是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：具有一种或一种以上从句的句子。复合句涉及：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e. g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简朴句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e. g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词：e. g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e. g. Henry bought a diction

4、ary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e. g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e. g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其她多种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。主语动词表语：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m在这一句型中，动词是系动词，划线部分为表语。1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词作表语)2. Gradualy he became silent. (形容词作表语)3. She remained standing for a h

5、our. (目前分词作表语)4. The question remained unsolved. (过去分词作表语)5. The machine is out of order. (介词短语作表语)6. The television was on. (副词作表语)7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. (动词不定式作表语)8. My job is repairing cars. (动名词作表语)9. The question is what you want to do. (从句作表语，即：表语从句)注意：在下面的句子中，形容词作表语，在表语的背面常

6、常接不定式构造。Im happy to meet you. They are willing to help. We are determined to follow his example. 主语动词：在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰。1. The sun is rising. 2. Ill try. 3. Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)4. The engine broke down. 注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词体现被动含义，体现主语自身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。1. Th

7、e book sells well. 2. The window wont shut. 3. The pen writes smoothly. 4. Cheese cuts easily. 主语动词宾语：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m在此句型中，动词为及物动词，划线部分为宾语。1. Do you know these people (them)？(名词或代词作宾语)2. I cant express myself in English. (反身代词作宾语)3. He smiled a strange smile. (同源宾语)4. We cant afford to pay such

8、a price. (不定式作宾语)5. Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词作宾语)6. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. (从句作宾语，即：宾语从句)注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述多种状况作宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，因此，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。主语动词宾语宾语：在此句型中，动词可以称作双宾语动词，在英语中，这样的动词并不多，在学习中遇届时，要牢记。背面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语，其中，间接宾语在前，一般表人，直接宾语在后，一般表物。此类句型有三种状况。第一种状况，间接宾

9、语可以改为由to引导的短语。1. He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me. 2. She gave me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me. 第二种状况，间接宾语可以改为由for引导的短语。3. She sang us a folk song. She sang a folk for us. 4. She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us. 第三种状况，直接宾语可以由

10、宾语从句充当。5. Tell him Im out. 6. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？主语动词宾语宾语补足语：在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词也不多。背面的宾语补足语是阐明宾语的状况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称作复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一种句式，由于复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1. He found his new job boring. (形容词作宾补)2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词

11、作宾补)3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语作宾补)4. We went to here house but found her out. (副词作宾补)5. What do you advise me to do？(不定式作宾补)6. We thought him to be an honest man. (tobe作宾补)7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完毕式作宾补)8. He believed her to be telling the

12、truth. (不定式的进行式作宾补)9. Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式作宾补)10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (目前分词作宾补)11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词作宾补)注意：在这个构造中，可以浮现用it作形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的背面。在此构造中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to me

13、ntion this to her是真正的宾语。2. I think it best that you should stay with us. 分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。3. there be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在背面，含义为“有”谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room. 有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和近来的一种保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall. 主

14、语的背面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do). 谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him. 谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mThere used to be a cinema here. There seems to be something the matte

15、r with her. Is there going to be any activity tonight？there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变反意疑问句也要借助there。Is there any hope of getting the job？There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物动词：Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island. There came

16、 a knock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple. 用于非谓语的状况下，有时用不定式的复合构造there to be或动名词的复合构造和独立主格构造there being：You wouldnt want there to be another war. (不定式的复合构造)The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (动名词的复合构造)There being nothing else to do，we

17、 went home. (独立主格构造)二、课后练习一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos

18、 of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything e

19、lse to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope

20、you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.

21、We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt

22、often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden. w。w。m三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties of

23、ten make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.