三维土工网垫植草灌护坡施工组织设计方案

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1、三维土工网植草施工方案1 前言根据对边坡PH值、坡比、岩质、高度等现场状况的调查，本项目需施工的边坡均为硫铁碎石堆积形成的边坡，边坡渗水性大，PH值为8（酸性稍偏大），坡比为1：0.9-1，坡长10-35m不等、坡面凹凸大，部分地段松散，施工环境高而险，部分施工地段下方为公路等特点，结合在多种边坡施工三维网植草的综合措施和区域气候状况，根据本项目的施工设计图纸设计，拟定采用本施工技术方案。2 护坡机理三维土工网垫植草灌是指运用活性植物并结合土工合成材料等工程材料，在坡面构建一种具有自身生长能力的防护系统，通过植物的生长对边坡进行加固的一门新技术。根据边坡地形地貌、土质和区域气候的特点，在边坡表

2、面覆盖一层土工合成材料并按一定的组合与间距种植多种植物。通过植物的生长活动达到根系加筋、茎叶防冲蚀的目的，通过生态护坡技术解决，可在坡面形成茂密的植被覆盖，在表土层形成盘根错节的根系，有效克制暴雨径流对边坡的侵蚀，增长土体的抗剪强度，减小孔隙水压力和土体自重力，从而大幅度提高边坡的稳定性和抗冲刷能力。3 施工工艺流程及操作要点3.1施工工艺流程(图1)竣工清理土工网垫进料施工准备肥料运送草灌籽选择坡面整顿回填客土施底肥播草灌籽钉盖三维网撒水养护、保证草灌的成活率图1 施工工艺流程图3.2施工操作要点3.2.1坡面整顿与回填客土整顿坡面：清处坡面杂物，平整坡面，视边坡状况可在坡面人工开挖水平种植

3、沟，开挖水平种植沟的目的是保水、保土，给植物生长形成一种好的局部生长环境。水平种植沟的间距为20cm ,深20cm。回填客土：根据坡面的坡比状况，回填客土施工措施有泥浆覆盖法及干土覆盖法两种。坡比不不小于1:1的边坡采用泥浆覆盖法施工，坡比不小于1:1的边坡采用干土覆盖法，可根据施工条件采用两者之一。 1.泥浆覆盖法： （a）泥浆覆盖法采用粘性土、肥料及水等混合搅拌成泥浆状，自上而下覆盖在三维网上，分多次覆盖，直到坡面泥浆厚度符合图纸规定。 （b）应采用必要措施保证泥浆覆盖后的通透性。 2.干土覆盖法： （a）。将沙性土壤和肥料拌和，分层敷设在坡面，厚度为12cm左右，沟内为20-25cm左右

4、，铺设后，淋水使其沉降，直至达到图纸规定厚度为止。在抛洒土壤层的表面洒水时，水柱要分散，洒水量不能太多，以免导致新回填土流失，目的使回填的干土层自然沉降，并要进行适度夯实。 （b）干土拌和后应进行筛分，剔除大的土块，保证坡面平顺。 （c）应保证填土与边坡结合紧密。 土壤杀菌解决：由于边坡为近年堆积形成的硫铁矿渣，为避免后来植物的病害浮现，在回填客土时伴以多菌灵对土壤和边坡进行杀菌解决。3.2.2 施底肥：在播种前施用底肥和土壤改良剂。底肥重要涉及氮肥、磷肥和钾肥，比例为1587，施肥量随土壤的肥力状况而定，一般状况按35g/m2左右施用。3.2.3播草灌籽由于边坡坡面长，采用分段人工撒播草灌种

5、子的措施进行播种。即完毕一段播种一段的措施，以免由于边坡长，人力不及，播种不均匀或漏播的状况浮现。播种质量规定：种子分布要均匀，随时检查有无漏播的现象，播种后及时浇水，出苗前后及小苗生长阶段都应始终保持地面湿润，局部地段发现缺苗时需查找因素，并及时补播。 草种混播配比与播种量： 白三叶+狗牙根+高羊茅+紫花苜蓿+银合欢+荆条：6+12+15+6+18+16g/。具体选用和配比可根据施工季节和气温进行调节、增减。 3.2.4 钉设网三维土工网三维土工网垫，为绿色，规格型号为： EM3。三维土工网垫在坡上、下两端各留有20cm和30cm，上端应埋入土中，下端应留成水平面；将网放在坡顶上，然后顺坡拉

6、出网垫，自上而下至坡脚处。网与网之间搭接不不不小于lOcm，并使网紧贴坡面无悬空褶折现象。上下网用土工绳连接，网与网之间搭接不不不小于l5cm，在坡顶、搭接处采用12mm主锚钉固定。坡面其他部分采用8mm辅锚钉固定。坡顶锚钉间距为70cm，坡面锚钉间距为100cm。锚钉规格：主锚钉为(12mm钢筋) U型钢钉长2030cm，宽10cm，辅锚钉为(8钢筋) U型铁钉长1520cm，宽5cm，固定期，钉与网紧贴坡面。3.2.5 覆盖无纺布根据施工期间气候状况及边坡的坡度，来拟定在喷播表面层盖单层或多层无纺布，以减少因强降水量导致对种子的冲刷，同步也减少边坡表面水分的蒸发，从而进一步改善种子的发芽、

7、生长环境。3.2.6 养护管理苗期注意浇水，保证种子发芽、生长所需的水分。前期喷灌水养护为60天，中期靠自然雨水养护，若遇干旱，每月喷水23次，后期养护每月喷水2次；适时揭开无纺布，保证草苗生长正常；适度施肥，一般使用进口复合肥，为植物生长提供所需养分。在苗高810cm时进行第一次追肥，还可根据实际状况进行叶面追肥；定期针对性地喷洒农药，定期清除杂草，保证植物健康生长。4 质量控制4.1施工时可用小竹杆或小木棍穿于整卷网垫中，顺坡拉出网垫，四周用U型铁钉钉住。 4.2钉子长度一般为15cm（距离土面），4.3 地形突变处或地形较复杂处应注意保持网垫平整，并增长钉子密度。4.4 注意搭接，搭接长

8、度10cm，搭接处钉子应顺势钉入，钉子密度应增长一倍，搭接处上层网垫要靠紧，不留间隙。 4.5 钉子的形状，钉子上端宽度应不小于网孔径2倍，以便同步起垂直弹压作用。 4.6 草灌籽播种深度应根据土壤墒情，因地制宜而定，草种应选择适合本地气候条件，根系长且发达的草种，有长根系的近年生小灌草种更佳。 4.7 草灌籽播种在网垫中，这样更能加强复合保护的效果。 4.8 草灌籽播种后及时盖网和无纺布，网子一定要紧贴表土，避免表土流失。但必须注意使其有助于草灌籽的发芽和生长。 4.9 草灌籽播种后，土层的含水量应以40%60%为宜，并在土层加压，以有助于草灌籽发芽。4.10 网垫在护坡顶端铺设时，网垫纵向

9、连接处应有60度夹角，埋入土中30cm。坡度应有50cm以上的水平面。因工程中坡面上端的含水量要比下层低得多，不利于草灌籽发芽，应在离开网垫20cm坡顶处顺势开一条蓄水沟，以利于灌水。4.11铺设时机是整个工程的核心（在护坡上使用时），一般应选择在雨季迈进行，让草皮有一定的生长时间。4.12 土壤的厚度是生长的核心，坡面厚度必须达到12cm以上；沟内土壤必须达到20公分以上。底肥料一定要足够，但要注意量过大易烧苗根。追肥要少施，勤施。5 安全保证措施5.1 施工应做好施工前准备工作，对的选用施工措施和安全防备措施，并结合施工具体实际，编制安全技术措施筹划，制定操作细则，并向施工人员进行安全技术

10、交底。5.2 坡面作业人员每人均必须系安全带、安全绳、安全帽。安全带“高挂低用”，系于牢固处。安全绳在坡顶用2根钢钎前后固定，并派专人看守，重点防松动、脱落、断裂等。5.3在陡坡及危险地段时应脚穿软底轻便鞋；5.4弃土下方和有滚石危险的区域，应设立警告标志，下方有道路时，作业时严禁通行，严禁在危石下方和一定塌方下方作业、休息和寄存机具，边坡上方有人工作时，边坡下方不准站人。5.5 机械设备必须状态良好，每台机械必须有专人指挥。5.6 施工中如发现山体滑动，倒塌现象危及施工安全时，必须暂停施工，撤出人员和机具，并报上级解决。5.7 必须配备专业的电工以防漏电。5.8 雨天严禁坡面作业施工。5.9

11、 配备专职安全员1-2人，兼职安全4人，随时注意施工安全，避免安全事故发生。5.10 严禁酒后上工地施工、不带安全帽进入工地、不佩戴安全绳和安全带下坡面作业。5.11 定期进行安全教育，施工时随时提示安全意识，及时纠正不安全的行为。6 文明和环保措施6.1工程竣工后及时清理现场垃圾。6.2 不准现场乱丢建筑垃圾和生活垃圾。6.3 施工期间不准嘻哈打闹、打架闹事。6.4 不得随处大小便。6.5 保护原有坡面植物，不准火烧、砍伐等破坏，保持原有生态。6.6 所有人员必须听从业主、监理和项目部人员的安排指挥。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for impleme

12、ntation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations s

13、upporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organiz

14、ations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of t

15、he revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history o

16、f the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideologica

17、l consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The n

18、ew revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly

19、 practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January , to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, ha

20、s not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the thi

21、rd is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres a

22、bove. is in 1997 based on revision, in December the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the pr

23、actice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misco

24、nduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Part

25、y discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two re

26、gulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection fr

27、om under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle,

28、path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of e

29、xperts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September , the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party,

30、the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinion

31、s, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Co

32、mmunist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of

33、the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole

34、, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. Gene

35、ral Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping

36、again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the co

37、nstitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of

38、virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Par

39、ty members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation f

40、or the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in

41、the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requiremen

42、ts into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the

43、 party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all time

44、s and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list

45、 moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the part

46、y members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the

47、self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification

48、 and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such

49、 as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the partys advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members ho

50、w to correctly treat and deal with the public and private, cheap and rot thrifty and extravagance bitter music, put forward the four norms. Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the vital few, around the clean politics, from civ

51、il servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the four norms to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of de

52、epening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a prev

53、entive measure, to keep the partys advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements r

54、efinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and d

55、iscipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding perform

56、ance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the partys leadership and the partys basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the

57、 organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existi

58、ng content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the partys disci

59、pline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize

60、the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. the partys eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the four winds and transformation for disciplinary pr

61、ovisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the partys close ties with the ma