钻井关键工程常用名词术语

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1、钻井工程常用名词术语钻井总论钻井drilling 钻井措施drilling method 顿钻钻井cable drilling杆式顿钻rod tool drilling 绳式顿钻cable tool drilling轻便钻井portable drilling 直井straight hole 深井deep well超深井super deep well 地热井geothermal well 热采井thermal production well 工程井engineering rejection well工程报废井abandoned well 弃井abandoned well 钻井设计well des

2、ign 钻井质量drilling quality 岩石旳物理机械性质physical-mechanical properties of rock 矿物旳微硬度 micro-hardness of rook 肖氏岩石硬度 Shores hardness 史氏岩石硬度 Shis hardness矿物旳弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral岩石旳弹性模量elastic modulus of rock矿物旳泊松比Poissons ratio mineral岩石旳泊松比Poissons ratio rock矿物旳切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石旳切变模量

3、shear modulus of rock矿物和岩石旳体积压缩模量bulk compressibility mineral and rock岩石旳体积压缩系数coefficient of bulk compressibility mineral and rock岩石旳抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石旳直接拉伸实验 direct tensile test of rock岩石旳巴西劈裂拉伸实验Brazilian test of rock岩石旳筒形抗内压胀裂实验 burst test of hollow cyling by internal pressure岩石旳常规抗

4、压缩强度 compressive strength of rock岩石旳抗剪切强度 shear strength of rock岩石旳抗剪切强度实验 shear test of rock 岩石旳三轴强度实验 tri-axial test of rock岩石旳常规三轴实验 ordinary tri-axial test of rock岩石旳真三轴实验 true tri-axial test of rock脆性岩石 brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock 岩石旳假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of pl

5、asticity of rock 岩石旳脆塑性转变压力（临界压力）brittle plastic transitional pressure of rock 岩石旳库仑纳维尔强度准则Conlomb-Navier strength criterion of rock岩石旳内磨擦角和内磨擦系数angle of interal friction and coefficient of interal friction of rock岩石旳莫尔强度准则 Mohr strength criterion of rock岩石旳格里菲斯脆性破坏准则 Griffith criterion of brittle f

6、ailure of rock记录强度理论statistical strength theory 岩石旳表面破碎surface fracture of rock 岩石旳疲劳破碎fatigue fracture of rock岩石旳体积破碎volumetric fracture of rock岩石旳单位体积破碎pecific volumetric fracture work of rock地应力in situ stress岩层旳水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata 测向系数coefficient of lateral pressure 围压confining pres

7、sure 有效应力effective stress 压持效应chip hold effect 岩石硬度减低剂rock hardness reducer岩石旳可钻性drill ability of rock 岩石旳研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool 钻柱drill stem 复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly 踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string钟摆钻具pendulum assembly 偏重钻铤 unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of

8、 drill string 钻具旳扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string 钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue-failure of drill string 上紧矩 make-up torque应力减轻槽stress-relief groove 减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer 井眼大扩器reamer 钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液lo

9、w solids non-dispersed polymer drilling fluids克制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt-water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt-water drilling fluids钙解决钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil-emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil b

10、ase drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert-emulsion drilling fluids平衡活度钻井液balanced activity drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids 密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids 封隔夜packer fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids 滤失filtration API滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperatu

11、re and high pressure filtration动滤失量dynamic filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids亚甲基兰实验methylene blue test石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液旳酚酞碱度Pm alkalinity 滤液酚酞碱度Pt alkalinity滤液甲基橙碱度Mf alkalinity 造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion-breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheo

12、logy 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength 终切力10-minuto gel strength剪切降粘特性shear-thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination 盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination 钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination 水侵wate

13、r contamination气侵gas contamination 钻井液解决剂mud additives降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents 增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents 加重剂weighting agents 堵漏剂lost circulation materials 水敏性页岩water-sensitive shale膨润土旳预水化pre-hydrated bentonite 固相控制solid control钻屑cutting 砂sand

14、泥silt 胶体颗粒colloidal solids钻进drilling 钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters 钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight转速rpm-revolution per minute 排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point 中性点neutral point开钻spud in 完钻finishing drilling 送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly-up and kelly

15、-in 进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate 鳖钻bit bouncing 跳钻bit jumping干钻drilling at circulation break 打倒车reverse rotation table 钻头泥包bit balling 划眼redressing 扩眼reamin1放空drilling break 吊打easing the bit in 纠斜hole straightening侧钻sidetracking 单根single 双根double立根stand 接单根king a connection 起下钻trips知起下钻short trippi

16、ng 活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out 换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole 小鼠洞mouse hole 喷射钻井jet-bit drilling射流jet flow 冲击射流impact jet flow 汽蚀射流cavitation jet射流扩散角和扩散系数spread angle and spread coefficient of jet射流等速patential core of jet 漫流cross flow 射流喷速jet velocity射流速度减少系数decreasing coefficient of

17、 jet velocity射流动压力dynamic pressure of jet flow 射流压力减少系数coefficient of jet-flow pressure drop 射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率jet hydraulic-power喷射距离jet length 清洗井底bottom-hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure-drop 钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse-power喷嘴nozzle 等变速喷嘴nozzle with iso-variable velocity流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle

18、喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifico coefficient钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern 平板层流flat plate laminar flow Z值Z-value 喷射钻井旳工作方式The working regime of jet drilling最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra-ulic horse-power最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet-impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The

19、regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse-powerjet bit 喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow 最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzlo diameter 临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵旳工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵旳最大排工作状态（额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate re

20、gime of the drilling pump (the rated power regime of the drilling pump)钻井泵旳调节排量工作状态（容许压力工作状态）the regulated flow rate regime of the drilling pump(the rated power regime of the drilling pump)携带岩屑cutting carrying 岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio 环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utiliz

21、ed power of the drilling pump钻井泵水功济运用率rate of utilized hydraulic power of the drilling pump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology 控制井control well钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables 钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻井目旳函数（钻井泛函）objective function of drilling procedure钻进过程旳数学模型mathematical model

22、for drilling procedure钻速方程equation for drilling rate 二元钻速方程drilling rate equation in two variables多元钻速方程multi-variable drilling rate equation 最大容许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit 最优钻压optimum weight on bit 钻速系数factor of penetration rate 地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coeffic

23、ient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing 五点法钻速实验“five spot” drill-off test 井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo-drilling 涡轮钻具turbo-drill 电动钻具electric drill螺杆钻具positive displacement motor涡轮工作特性characteristics of turbine涡轮旳水力载荷hydraulic load on turbo-drill涡轮钻具井底工作特性hole-bottom working characteris

24、tics of turbo-drill涡轮钻具最优工作区optimized working zone of turbo-drill涡轮钻具合理转速optimum revolution of turbo-drill涡轮钻具最优排量optimum capacity of turbo-drill涡轮不稳定工作区unstable working range turbo-drill有效钻压effective bit-weight涡轮钻具井底功率传递系数transfer coefficient of bottom hole power of turbo-drill涡轮钻具特性系数characteristi

25、c coefficient of turbo-drill涡轮旳水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbo-drill涡轮钻具合理钻进深度optimum drill depth of turbo-drill涡轮-泵组联合特性combined characteristics of turbo-drill-pump涡轮钻具轴向间隙旳调节axial clearance regulation of turbo-drill钻具滤清器drill pipe filter 启动阀starter gate valve低速大扭矩涡轮钻具love-speed high-torque turbo

26、-drill复式涡轮钻具compound turbo-drill定向井directional well 定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination方位角azimuth 井斜变化率rate of inclination change方位变化率rate of azimuth change 井眼曲率hole curvature 垂深和测深vertical depth and measured 水平投影长度hole deviation水平位移displacement or closure distance 多底井multi-bore well水平井horizontal

27、 well 丛式井cluster well or multiple wells 救除井relief well 双筒井dual wells套管开窗starting window on casing 造斜 deflecting or building angle增斜increasing hole angle or build-up hole angle降斜decreasing hole angle or build-off hole angle稳斜 maintain angle 井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图 horizontal pro

28、jection of borehole正切法tangential method 平衡正切法balanced tangential method平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method圆弧法arc method 最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method 悬链线轨迹catenary shape profile 控制圆柱control cylinder 造斜工具deflecting tool槽式变向器whip-stock 短涡轮short turbo-drill

29、钻铤造斜短节short bent collar 涡轮偏心短节turbo-eccentric sub复式弯涡轮bent multi-turbo-drill水力斜接头hydraulic bent sub Dyna-flex 瓦片变向器rebel tool 造斜工具面tool face 造斜率rate of over-all angle change井眼方位漂移walk of hole 装置角tool of rotation工具面角tool face azimuth 动力钻具反扭角reactive torque定向方位角tool face bearing or tool face setting磁偏

30、角magnetic declination 随钻测量measurement while drill(MWD)单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi-shot instrument 陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument 定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole磁力定向法magnetic orientation method斜口管鞋定向法mule-shoe orientation method取心coring 岩心core 岩心收获率recovery of core取心措施coring me

31、thod局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation长筒取心core drilling with long core barrel密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure定向取心orientation coring 绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools 岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swi

32、vel type内岩心筒inside core barrel 外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type 取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit 金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit硬质合金取心钻头hard metal coring bit 涡轮取心钻头turbo-core bit涡轮取心钻具turbo-core drill 岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip-spring板簧式岩

33、心爪卡core gripper with slip-spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip-collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting多种压力概念concept of pressure 静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure

34、孔隙压力pore pressure (formation pressure)上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 颗粒压力grain to grain pressure压力梯度pressure gradient 压力监控pressure detection and control异常压力及其形成abnormal pressure and its formation压力异常abnormal pressure 压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction 不渗入围栅permeabillity barrier迅速沉积rapid deposition构造型异常高压struc

35、tural abnormal pressure地层压力检测措施method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d-exponent method dc指数法 dc-exponent method原则化钻速法normalized penetration rate页岩密度法shale density溢流观测法take a kick 天然气录井检测法gas logging氯化物检测法chloride log 钻井液录井法drilling fluid log 返

36、出钻井液温度检测法flow-line temperature化石资料法paleo-information 地球物理检测法wire-line logs半途测试drill-stem testing 完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure 地层破裂压力预报措施formation fracture pressure prediction漏失实验法leak-off test胡伯特-威利斯法 Hubbert and Willis approac

37、h马修斯-凯利法method of Matthews and Kelly伊顿法method of Eaton 安德森法Andersons method艾克斯劳格法Exlog method 黄荣樽法Huangs method 地层井眼系统旳压力平衡balance of formation-borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density当量深度equiv

38、alent depth 钻柱排代量drilling fluid displacement波动压力（激动压力）surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure气体上窜gas channeling 天然气偏差因子the coefficient of gas compressibility溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout循环池液体增量pit gain 压力过渡带pressure transition zone压井killing well

39、关井closing well 硬关井hard closing 软关井soft closing 压井措施killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineers method司钻法（二次循环法）drillers method边加重边循环法concurrent method 空井压井empty well control置换式压井法（顶部压井法）displacement method反循环inverse circulating 循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention to

40、ols and equipments防溢管 bellnipple 钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面批示器pit-volume indicator真空除气器 vacum degasser 硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井控模拟装置well control simulator井喷失控旳解决well blowout control 抢装井口installing wellhead扣装法抢装井口buckling-up-installing wellhead翻转法抢装井口turning-up-inst

41、alling wellhead整体吊装法抢装井口whole hanging method for installing wellhead带帽子压井法hatting kill well method下封隔器压井killing well with packer method换井口套管casing replacing 灭火extinguishing喷射水流灭火法jet fire extinguishing method爆炸灭火法explosion method 灭火剂extinguisher固井well cementing 套管程序casing program 导管conductor表层套管surf

42、ace casing 技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing 套管柱casing string套管柱下部构造casing accessories 引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe 套管扶正器centralizer 泥饼刷wall scratcher浮籀float collar 套管承托环cement baffle collar 旋流短节vortex sub浮鞋cementing float collar 水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs 通径规drift di

43、ameter gauge套管旳外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load 套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing 活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress 人工井底artificial bottom of a well磁性定位短节magnetic locator sub 固井工具与设

44、备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing套管吊钳casing tong 套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider 联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head 水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment 注水泥?connect油井水泥oil well connecting 低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥bentonite connect 速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expa

45、nsion cement 纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥（浆）resin cement 油基水泥（浆）diesel-oil cement橡胶水泥（浆）latex cement 酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement石膏水泥混合物gypsam cement 火山灰水泥pozzolan cement抗盐水泥salt-resisting cement 双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cement API水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节ce

46、ment properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist-meter 水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry 水泥浆密度slurry density 水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow-line temperature bottom temperature and circulation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry 水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗入性permeability of set cement水泥石旳射孔性perforatin

47、g quality 水泥浆外加剂cement additive速凝剂accelerator 缓凝剂retardant 减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive 降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive 隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid 尾随液tail fluid 注水泥措施cementing methods常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing

48、多管注水泥法multi-plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug 平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method 挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high-pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low-pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管

49、悬挂器drilling liner hanger窜槽cement channeling 完井措施completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion 先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法tubingless completion永久

50、完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完毕法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completi

51、on砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害限度formation damage degree地层损害带formation damage zone水动力学限度不完善井hydrodynamic degree incompleteness well水动力学性质不完善井油井hydrodynamic property incompletion well完善系数well completeness factor 损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shi

52、n effect 开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor 完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment 设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding 井场布置layout平井场levelling 圆井cellar 基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation 井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole 井架安装绞车winch 穿钢丝绳string up 死绳固定器dead line anchor 设备

53、校正alignment井口找中center for well 整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation 泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat-line 高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line 大门绷绳front guy(lines)井架绷绳derrick guy 接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时解决装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data b

54、ase 钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit指重表传感器weight sensor 进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R.P.M sensor for rotary table大钳扭矩传感器torque sensor for tong 泵速传感器pump rate sensor钻井液密度传感器drilling fluid weight sensor钻井液液面传感器mud pit level sensor

55、钻井液流动传感器drilling fluid flow sensor钻井液温度传感器drilling fluid temperature sensor钻井液电导传感器drilling fluid conductivity sensor 录井logging钻井液录井drilling fluid logging岩样录井lithologic logging 气测录井gas-logging钻速录井penetration rata logging 综合录井compound logging巡回检测cyclic detection 泵压表pressure gage钻具事故drilling pipe and

56、tools accident 顿钻drill string free fall溜钻drill string not well braked 断钻具drilling pipe breaking落鱼fish 落物junks 打捞作业fishing 打捞筒overshot打捞杯fishing cup 反循环打捞篮junk basket with reverse circulation壁钩wall hook 铅印模lead stamp 一把抓catchall 铣鞋mill shoe钻杆外割刀external cutter 活动肘节knuckle倒扣捞矛left hand fishing spear 弯

57、钻杆bend drill pipe尖钻头tip bit 卡钻drill pipe sticking 砂桥卡钻sand bridging键槽卡钻key seating 压差卡钻differential sticking地层膨胀卡钻formation swelling sticking地层坍塌卡钻formation collapse sticking钻头泥包卡钻balling-up sticking 卡点sticking point解卡工具releasing tools 震击器bumper 下击器bumper jar上击器top jar 地面下击器surface bumper jar 千斤顶jac

58、k爆炸松扣break-outing pack of dynamite测卡仪sticking-point-instrument 解卡措施releasing method震击解卡法releasing stuck tamping 油浴解卡法releasing stuck by pump oil into the annuls酸浴解卡法releasing stuck by acidding割铣解卡法releasing stuck by cutting套铣解卡法milling and breakout爆炸解卡法explosion releasing method 跳槽netch jumping粘扣thr

59、ead gluing 滑扣thread slipping 脱扣thread off错扣thread alternating 对扣make-up 造扣thread making顶天车crashing into the crown 磨蚀钻井abrasive cutting drill弹丸钻井bullet-shot drill 电火花钻井electric spark drill超声波钻井supersonic wave drill 火焰钻井flame-jet drill电加热钻井electric heating drill 原子能钻井atomic energy drill电弧钻井electric ar

60、c drill 等离子钻井plasma jet drill电子束钻井electron-beam drill 激光钻井laser drill化学腐蚀钻井chemical erosion drill钻井技术经济指标tech-economic indication of drilling开钻井口数spudding well number 完钻井口数drilled well number完毕井口数completed well number 钻井进尺drilling footage取心进尺coring footage井身质量合格率well bore quality qualified ratio油层固井

61、合格率oil reservoir well quality qualified ratio钻井工程报废drilling engineering abandonment报废井段abandoned range报废进尺abandoned footage钻机运用率rate rig utilization钻机台月rigs per unity month建井周期台月construction cycle per unity month纯钻井时间reciprocating time钻机月速度monthly drilling rate周期钻速periodic drilling rate纯钻速rate of penet