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1、动词的不定式,分词.动名词的区别及其用法、搭配。答：非谓语动词包括动词不定式。动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去 分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的,但在句子中都不能作谓语,故这三种形式被称为非 谓语动词。下面就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下:一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语在表示一个具体的。个别的或将来的动作时,要用动词不定式。如:My job is to teach the first-year students grammar.To study English well is very important.在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时,二者可以互换。如:T
2、o climb mountains is a good form of exercise.Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise.二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语1. 动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只表示被修饰 名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。如:There is a swimming pool in our school.2. 现在分词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示所修饰名 词的特征。如:Listen to the singing bird.Who is the boy ru
3、nning towards us。3. 动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上 的主谓关系。如:He is always the first to come to school.当所修饰的名词指物时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如:I have a meeting to attend.如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,需加上相应的介词。如:I have no room to live in.There is nothing for me to worry about.三、动词不定式和分词均可作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时,表示动作已经
4、发生,动作的全过程已经结束。如:I heard him knock at the door three times.（=I heard he knocked at the door three times （动作的全过程已经结束）现在分词作宾语补足语时,表示动作正在进行。如:I heard him knocking atthe door.（= I heard he was knockingat the door.（动 作正在进行）过去分词也可以作宾语补足语。如:I found the glass broken.（= I found the glass was broken.）注意:动词不定式作
5、宾语补足语时，在动词make,let,have, see,notice,hear,watch, observe,feel,listen to等后面要省略不定式符号to。如：I hear him play.The teacher made him do the exercises again.help后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to可加可不加。如：He often helps me to study English in his spare time.当这些动词变为被动语态时，原不定式必须加上to。如：He was seen to repair the machine.四、动词不定式
6、和动名词均可作宾语1. 下列动词后只能跟不定式作宾语： hope, agree, decide, manage, wish, refuse, dare, promise 等。如：He has promised to lend me the dictionary.2. 下列动词后只能跟动名词作宾语： enjoy, finish, avoid, practise, mind, escape, excuse, suggest, consider（考虑），give up, cant help 等。如：He wants to give up smoking.They practise speaking
7、English every day.3. 在动词remember,forget,regret,stop,try等后面跟动词不定式或动名词时，意 义上有所差别。如:He forgot telling me the news.他忘了曾经告诉过我这个消息。He forgot to tell me the news.他忘了要把这个消息告诉我。五、动词不定式和分词均可作状语不定式作状语通常表示目的或程度;分词作状语通常表示伴随情况。时间 或原因等。如:He went to the library to borrow a book （表目的）The boy sat at the desk reading a book.（表伴随情况）六、动词不定式和动名词均有复合结构不定式的复合结构:for sb.（no t） to do sth.动名词的复合结构:名词所有格或形容词性物主代词+动名词。如:Its important for us to learn English well.He prided himself upon his dancing.
动名词、动词不定式、分词作定语区别
