情态动词和虚拟语气精讲

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1、情态动词和虚拟语调精讲专项一 语法和词汇知识之情态动词和虚拟语调（4）（新课标）【专项考点】1 考察情态动词的基本用法 2 考察情态动词的推测性用法3 考察“情态动词+have done”的用法4 考察与情态动词有关的虚拟语调在简朴句中的运用5 考察与情态动词有关的虚拟语调在非真实条件句中的运用6 考察与情态动词should有关的虚拟语调在名词性从句中运用【典例探究】1.（全国卷IT29） Just be patient .You_expect the world to change so soon. A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not【解析】选A

2、。句意：耐心一点儿，你不能盼望世界变化太快。cant在否认句中可以表达推测，译为“一定不，不也许”，可以表达语调很强的否认推测；译为“不可以”，也可以表达命令，不容许或没有能力，neednt表达“不必要”， may not表达“也许不会”，语调非常弱。will not表达将来不会。根据句意与语境可知说话者是在表达推测，并且推测的也许性较强。故选A。2（北京卷T 34）. -The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And

3、my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died【解析】选D。句意：“天气又干又热。”“是啊。哪怕下一滴雨，事情比目前都要好得多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。”由句意及题干中的If it had rained even a drop可知事实上第二个人的菜已经死了，题中是对过去的虚拟，因此主句用would +have +过去分词，因此选D。3 （福建卷T 29）. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicyc

4、les to school for safety. A. not allow B. do not allowC. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow【解析】选A。句意：教师们建议父母，为了安全起见，不要让12岁如下的孩子骑车上学。recommend在句中是“建议”的意思，其后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语调，即从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”的形式。【知识拓展】常用的“should型”虚拟语调1）. 与表达建议、规定、命令（suggest/suggestion，demand，order，propose/proposal，insist，command，require

5、，desire，recommend）等有关的名词性从句中，一般用“should型”虚拟语调，即从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”构造，并且should可省略。I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我规定她立即答复我。They all agreed to my proposal that we (should) share in the taxi fare.她们都批准我的建议，我们分摊计程车费。The order came that free food (should) be distributed at once.命令下达

6、了，立即发放免费食品。My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你应当善待她。2）. 在“It is important/strange/natural/necessary that从句”此类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”构造。It is strange that he should speak to his father like that. 真奇怪，她居然和她爸爸那样说话。4 （陕西卷T 15）If we _ the other road, we might have arrived

7、 here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken【解析】选B。句意：“如果我们走此外一条路，我们就有也许及时赶到这儿参与会议。”由句意可知，事实上我们没有走此外一条路，因此没能及时赶到这儿参与会议。本题是对过去动作的虚拟。对过去动作虚拟时，主句用了might + have +过去分词，从句用过去完毕时had + 过去分词。5 （山东卷T25）I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt

8、C. couldnt D. mustnt【解析】选A。句意为：我本来不应当看那部电影的它会使我做恶梦的。从后半句部分“看那部电影会给带来恶梦”可知，前部分语境应是懊悔看了这部电影，shouldnt have done意为“过去不应当做但事实上做某事”。neednt have done 表达“过去没有必要做而事实上做了某事”；couldnt have done 过去不也许做某过某事；must表达推测不可用于否认形式，故D项不存在。【知识拓展】情态动词+have done在高考中常常考察的几种角度：（1）must have done sth. 过去肯定做过某事（2）cant/couldnt hav

9、e done sth. 过去不也许做过某事（3）could have done sth. 过去本来能做某事（3）should have done sth. 过去本来应当做某事（4）shouldnt have done sth. 过去本来不应做某事（5）may/might (not) have done sth. 过去也许(没有)做过某事（6）neednt have done sth. 过去没有必要做某事【跟踪演习】1 （浙江杭州七校联考）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. could e

10、xpressB. would express C. could have expressedD. must have expressed2 （山东枣庄第一次质检）- Who did it? - _ you ask? It was Joe, of course. A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need3（江西赣州十一县市联考） Whats wrong with you?-Oh, I am sickI _ so much ice cream just nowAshouldnt eat Bmustnt eat Ccouldnt have eaten Dshouldnt ha

11、ve eaten4（ 江苏省南通市二模） 32. Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel? No, it _ take you long. Its not the rush hour now. A. shouldnt B. shant C. mustnt D. neednt5（江西省吉安二模）23-I failed to catch the early bus because I overslept this morning -You have stayed up too late last night AcouldBwouldCsh

12、ouldDmust6 （山东省临沂市二模）35What kind of car do you want to have? A large one? Well，it_ be largethats not important Amustnt Bshouldnt Ccant Dneednt7 （ 山西省大同五中二模）22.It rained a lot during their journey, so they have had a good time.A cant B must C shouldnt D might 8 （天津市55中二模）2一Helen, will you be at the p

13、arty tonight? 一Yes，but I really _as I have so much homework to doAcant BmustntCshouldnt Dwont9 （山东省临沂市二模）25The voice on the phone was exactly as she_ it would sound，just like her mothers A. dreamed B. had dreamed C. would dream D. was dreamed10 （山东省威海市二模）33. If we _ the tickets half a year ago, we w

14、ould not be able to visit it on May Day now. A. did not bookB. had not bookedC. would not bookD. would not have booked11 （湖南省长沙市一中二模）21. “Sorry, I got up late this morning. I _ have set the alarm clock before I went to bed last night.” A. might B. should C. must D. would12 （河南省开封市二模）25Why didnt you

15、tell me there was no meeting today? I all the way here the heavy snow.Aneednt have driven; throughBcant have driven; acrossCmustnt have driven; throughDshouldnt have driven; cross13（江苏省宁海外国语学校二模）34He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he a goal Ahad scored Bwould score Cwould h

16、ave scored Dwould be scoring14. We_ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though. A. could be B. should beC. must have been D. would have been15. Why _you be talking so loudly while others are studying?I am terribly sorry. A. shall B. must C. will D. may16. George had to give a speech

17、in front of 5, 000 people. Whew! Thats a big audience. He _nervous. He was, but nobody could tell. A. should have been B. might beC. must have been D. could be17. You didnt come to the party yesterday. _?Im not a party animal. A. How can I have B. How would I haveC. Why should I have D. Why must I h

18、ave18. It is required in some colleges that lights in students dorms _off by 11 oclock. A. be switched B. would switchC. should switch D. must be switched19. The young man has made so much noise that he _not have been allowed to attend the concert. A. could B. must C. should D. need20. After inspect

19、ing the building, specialists discovered some faults that otherwise_. A. had been overlookedB. would have been overlookedC. were overlookedD. would be overlooked21. The winner of the race is a tall and thin boy with thick glasses. Then it _be my friend, Mike, who looks like a “meat ball”. A. might B

20、. cant C. mustnt D. should22. It _Mary in the office. Im sure it _her. I saw her off at the bus station just ten minutes ago. A. must be; shouldnt be B. should be; cant beC. must be; cant be D. cant be; mustnt be23. When shall we hold the meeting?It_ be better to put it off until next week. A. must

21、B. could C. can D. will24. Its really a wonder that all the passengers on board_ while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York. A. must have been saved B. should have been savedC. would be saved D. might be saved25. Sorry indeed, I _to your birthday party if. . . Forget it.

22、I know you were out on business. A. must come B. would comeC. must have come D. would have come26. Its hard to believe that such a greedy man _donate so much to the Hope Project. A. may B. need C. can D. shall27. I find it astonishing that John _be so rude to me. Not astonishing at all. He is always

23、 rude to others. A. should B. must C. might D. ought to 28. Did you make it at last?Yes. But for your help, it _a serious loss. A. would cause B. must have causedC. would have caused D. may cause29. How dangerous it was!Yes, but for the passer-bys quick action, the girl_. A. was drownedB. would have

24、 been drownedC. had drownedD. should be drowned30. “If I _taking drugs, I would be a successful businessman now”, said the dying heroin addict. A. didnt start B. havent startedC. hadnt started D. shouldnt start31. Amazing! You _wear slippers at work!Dont you know its a fashion?A. must B. should C. c

25、an D. may32. Why are you so late?I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _earlier. A. arrived B. had arrivedC. would arrive D. would have arrived33. Whats the name?Khulaifi. _I spell it for you?A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might34. Dont cry over your lost friendship any more. It _be helped. A. mustnt B.

26、 needntC. shouldnt D. cant35. What does the sign over there read?No person _smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. A. must B. may C. shall D. will36. You didnt wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?Yes, but we_. He didnt return home at all. A. dont have to B. neednt haveC.

27、didnt need to D. should have37. The public transport in Beijing is very convenient now, so there _be any difficulty in travelling around the city. A. couldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt38. After the bell rings, which indicates the ending of the exam, you _stay where you are until all your papers

28、are collected. A. shall B. would C. will D. can答案1 C 2 D 3 D 4A 5D 6D 7 A 8 C 9 B 10 B 11 B 12 A13 C14.【解析】选D。would have done sth. 表达与已经发生的事实相反, 意思是“本来会但实际没有”。句意为：我们本来能在午餐时达到, 但我们在机场被延误了。15.【解析】选B。考察情态动词。句意为：为什么在别人学习的时候, 你非得这样大声说话呢？很抱歉。由语境可知第一种说话者相称不满, 因此用must, 意思是“非要, 偏偏”。16.【解析】选C。考察情态动词。句意：乔治不得不给

29、5 000人作了演讲。哇！人真多。她当时一定有点紧张。是的。但没人看得出来。这里表达对过去发生的事情的肯定的推测, 应当用must have done, 一定做过。should have done表达“过去本应当做（却没做）”。17.【解析】选C。考察虚拟语调。“Why should I have”是虚拟语调, 表达“为什么我就该参与呢？”must have done不用于疑问句; How表方式, 不合语境, 排除A、B两项。18.【解析】选A。考察虚拟语调。在“It is suggested/required/ordered+that从句”构造中, that从句中的谓语动词用(should)

30、do的形式, 而switch off与lights之间存在动宾关系, 因此要用被动语态。19.【解析】选C。考察情态动词。should not have done本不应当干; couldnt have done不也许干; neednt have done本来没必要干; must用在否认构造中表达“严禁”。结合语境可知选C项。20.【解析】选B。考察虚拟语调。由句中的discovered及语境可推知此处是表达对过去发生事情的假设, 故此处要用would have done来表达。21.【解析】选B。考察情态动词。句意为：比赛的获胜者是一种又高又瘦的男孩儿, 她还戴着一副墨镜。那不也许是我的朋友迈

31、克, 她看上去像个“肉球”。cant 不也许; might也许; mustnt严禁; should应当。22.【解析】选C。考察情态动词表达推测。前一种空格处是对目前事实的肯定推测, 意为“一定; 肯定”。can用于否认句表达推测时意为“不也许”。23.【解析】选B。考察情态动词。此处could表达也许性推测：说不定会。例如：It could be better to stay here. 说不定呆在这里比较好。24.【解析】选B。考察情态动词。从题干中的a wonder可知这是一种奇迹, 因此选择B项。should have been saved表达“居然获救了”, 带有惊讶口吻, 符合题意

32、。25.【解析】选D。考察虚拟语调。此处表达对过去的虚拟, if背面省略了过去完毕时, 补充完整应当是if I had not been out on business。因此主句中应当用should/would/could/might have done构造。26.【解析】选C。考察情态动词。can表达惊异, 怀疑, 不相信等语调。句意：很难相信一种如此贪婪的人会给但愿工程捐这样多钱。27.【解析】选A。考察情态动词。这里用should表达说话人吃惊的语调, 意思是“居然, 居然”。must必须, 一定; might或许; ought to应当, 均不符合语境。28.【解析】选C。考察虚拟语调

33、。but for. . . “要不是”。句意为：你们最后成功了吗？成功了, 要不是你的协助, 我们的损失就大了。与过去事实相反的虚拟语调, 因此C项对的。29.【解析】选B。考察虚拟语调。句意为：真够危险的！是的, 要不是那个过路人动作快, 那个女孩早就被淹死了。根据句意本题考察与过去事实相反的虚拟语调, 故选B。30.【解析】选C。考察虚拟语调。此题是一种混合虚拟语调句, 从句是对过去事情的虚拟, 应用过去完毕时, 主句指说话时也许产生的成果。31.【解析】选B。考察情态动词。句意为：真奇怪！你居然穿着拖鞋上班。难道你不懂得这是一种潮流吗？should表达“居然”, 其她选项不能表达此意。3

34、2.【解析】选D。考察虚拟语调。答话人的言外之意显然是说如果没有遇到交通阻塞, 会来得更早某些。此句相称于“If I hadnt stuck in the traffic jam. I would have arrived earlier. ”是对过去状况的虚拟。33.【解析】选A。考察情态动词的用法。shall用在第一、三人称的疑问句中, 表达征求对方的意见, 符合题意。34.【解析】选D。考察情态动词。句意为：不要再为失去的友谊而哭泣, 这样没有什么协助。It cant be helped为常用习语, 意为“没措施”, “无法避免的”等。35.【解析】选C。考察情态动词。shall用于第二

35、、三人称表达“容许, 命令, 威胁”等语调。句意为：在这个地方任何人不得吸烟或拿着点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。36.【解析】选B。句意为：昨天夜里你们没有等史密斯先生, 是吗？我们等了, 但我们没必要。她主线就没回家。一方面排除A项（表目前或将来没必要做某事）和D项（过去应当做某事）; C项只是强调过去没必要做某事, 并且也未做; B项表达“本不必做却做了某事”, 因此选B。37.【解析】选D。考察情态动词。should作为情态动词, 可以用来表达有较大也许实现的猜想、推论, 一般译为“也许, 应当”。句意为：目前北京的公共交通非常便利, 因此在市区的观光不应当有什么困难。couldnt一般用来对

36、过去发生的事情进行有把握的否认推测。38.【解析】选A。考察情态动词。句意为：当标志着考试结束的铃响后, 你们必须等试卷所有收起来后才可离开座位。shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句, 表达说话者的命令或批示。【真题预测在线】1.（浙江卷T10）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _ . A. would have been saved B. had been savedC. will be saved D. was saved2（天津卷T9）Mark_have hurried. Af

37、ter driving at top speed ,he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt 3.（江苏卷T25） I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may 4.（安徽卷T26）Bob would have helped us yes

38、terday, but he .A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy5.（安徽卷T32） Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.A. would be B. would have beenC. must be D. must have been 6.（北京卷T 23）. -Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Pe

39、rsonnel Department.-Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.A. might B. must C. would D. can7.（陕西卷T 23）May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt8.（上海卷T 29）Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you h

40、ave done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt9.（四川卷T3）. I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 10（湖南卷T29）If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow11.（江西卷T 23）. I have told you

41、 the truth . I keep repeating it?A. MustB. CanC. MayD. Will12. （江苏 T 28）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed13. （四川 T 13） I dont care what people think. Well, you_. A. could B. would C.

42、 should D. might14. （全国卷 T 25）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall15. （天津 T 15）This printer is of good quality. If it _break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might16. （重庆T 32）Hi

43、, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?She_ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A. shall be B. should have beenC. must be D. might have been17. （北京T 25）One of the few things you _say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can18. （安徽

44、 T 29）Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would19.（安徽T 34）But for their help, we_ the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finishC. had not finished D. could not have finished20. （福建T 35）But for the help of

45、 my English teacher, I _the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won21. （辽宁T 29）The traffic is heavy these days. I_ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?A. can B. must C. need D. might22. （陕西T 16）He must be helpin

46、g the old man to water the flowers, _?A. is he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustnt he 23. （湖南T 30）Its the office! So you _know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need24. （湖南T 32）You and I could hardly work together,_ ? A. could you B. couldnt IC. couldnt we D. could we25. （

47、浙江T 13）The doctor recommended that you _swim after eating a large meal. A. wouldnt B. couldntC. neednt D. shouldnt26. （全国卷T 20）I cant leave. She told me that I_ stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may27. (上海T 27)It _have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one

48、with a car.A. may B. can C. must D. should28. (全国卷T 17) Liza _well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may29. （北京T 21）John promised his doctor he_ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would30. （天津T 6） She _have left schoo

49、l, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt31. （重庆T 30）I cant find my purse anywhere. You _have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would32. （湖南T 28）You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _find the book by the title. A. must B. nee

50、d C. can D. would 33. （浙江T 11）You _be hungry alreadyyou had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt34. （江西T 26）What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _better. A. need have done B. must have doneC. can have done D. might have done35. （江苏T 35）Im sorry. I _at yo

51、u the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted36. （辽宁T 22）Peter _be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must37. （陕西T 9）What sort of house do

52、you want to have? Something big?Well, it _be bigthats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont38. （福建T 24）It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would39. （四川T 10）Although this _sound like a simple task, great care is needed

53、. A. must B. may C. shall D. should40. （山东T 24）Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _it without you. A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed答案1.【解析】选A。考察虚拟语调用法。句意：“如果我懂得这个电脑程序的话，就会节省大量的时间和精力了。”本句是对过去动作的虚拟，从句省略了if把had放到了句首，对过去动作进行虚拟时，主句谓语动词形式用“would