代词-he-she-it-they-we及所有格

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1、一、代词的分类代词可以分为人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，批示代词，疑问代词，关系代词，不定代词，互相代词这八类。二、人称代词就是表达“我，你，她，她，它，你们，她们”的词。人称代词分主格和宾格两类，有单、复数之分。人称代词的形式如下： 人称 第一人称 （我，我们） 第二人称 （你，你们） 第三人称 （除我、我们、你、你们之外） 单复数单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格Meusyouyouhimheritthem1. 人称代词的用法（1）人称代词有主格和宾格之分。一般主格做主语，宾格做宾语。如：Ilike table tennis. （做主语） Doyouk

2、now him?（做宾语）（2）人称代词还可作表语。（做表语时用宾格的形式。）如： -Who is knocking at the door? -Itsme.（3）人称代词在 than 之后与其她人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如： He is older thanme. He is older thanIam.（4）人称代词的顺序。几种人称代词并列做主语时，它们的顺序是： 单数形式（二、三、一） you, he and I 复数形式（一、二、三） we, you and they注意：当受到批评时或承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前，you 在最后。口诀：单数二、三、一，复数一、二、三，

3、受到批评我在前，承认错误你在后。如：You, heandIare all the winners.I, Li leiandyouare wrong. We should do more for the project.2. it用法总结（1）作为人称代词，it 可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未拟定身份的人。 Wheres my book? Have you seen it？ 我的书在哪里？你看见了没有？ The dog is in the garden, isnt it? 狗在花园里，是吧？ 婴儿哭了，由于她/她饿了. (Someone is ringing.) -Whos it? （有人在按门

4、铃。）-谁呀？ -Its me. -是我（2）it 可以指上下文内容。 The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in . It makes the Chinese proud. 年将在北京举办奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。（3）it 表达时间、天气、距离等。 -What time is it now？ 目前几点了？ -Its half past nine. 九点半。 It is cold. 天气冷。 公园到博物馆大概是十公里。（4）it 用作形式主语或形式宾语。 Its very important for us to learn English we

5、ll.（实际主语是to learn English well） 对我们来说，学好英语很重要。 I found it hard to fly a kite. （实际宾语是to fly a kite）我发现放风筝很难。 备注：句型（可以用于作文中） Its adj. for/of sb. to do sth. Its time to do sth. Its time for sth. It seems that It ones turn to do sth. Its + 强调部分+ that/who/whom3. 实战演习（1）Miss Green is an English teacher. W

6、e all like( she ).（2）Could you help( I )?（3）( My ) cant get my kite.（4）Her bike is broken. Can( your ) mend it?.（5） I found( it )hard to fly a kite（6）Those( child ) are( I ) fathers students.（7）Do you know( it ) name?（8）I love（they）very much.三、物主代词表达所有关系的代词叫物主代词，即“的”。物主代词分别有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词的形式如

7、下： 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称 单复数单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs1. 物主代词的用法（1）形容词性物主代词的作用相称于形容词，可在句中作定语。如：Ourteacher is coming to see us. This isherpencil-box.（2）名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提及的名词反复，其作用相称于名词，并且名词性物主代词 =“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。如： - Is this Englis

8、h-bookyours? （做表语） - No.Mineis in my bag.（做主语） Ive already finished my homework. Have you finishedyours? （做宾语）（3）名词性物主代词可以用在of 后做定语，相称于“of+名词所有格”表达带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。 如： He is a friend ofmine. 她是我的一位朋友。2. 实战演习用所给词的合适形式填空（1） Iateallsandwichesyesterday.( I )CanIhaveoneof? ( you )（2）Georgehaslost( his )pe

9、n.AskMaryif（与否）shewilllendhim. ( she )（3）JackhasadogandsohaveI.( he ) dogand( I )hadafight(打架).（4）Theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof( he )（5）Mr.andMrs.Greenandafriendofarecomingtoseeus. ( they )（6）WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrenchfriendof. (we )四、反身代词表达“我（们）自己”、“你（们）自己”、“她/她/它（们）自己”的代词称为反身代词。反身代词

10、的形式如下： 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves巧记口诀：反身代词构成并不难，单数词尾-self记心间。第三人称宾格加在前，其他物主开头用在先。复数形式如何变，f要用ves来替代。1. 反身代词的用法反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语和同位语。（1）做宾语，表达动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一种人或某些人。 He calledhimselfa writer. Would you please expressy

11、ourselfin English?（2）做表语。 It doesnt matter. Ill bemyselfsoon. The girl in the news ismyself.（3）做主语或宾语的同位语，表达亲自或本人。 Imyselfwashed the clothes( = I washed the clothes myself.)（做主语同位语） You should ask the teacherhimself.（做宾语同位语）（4）反身代词常用的短语。 teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃 enjoy

12、 oneself = have a good time = have fun 玩的快乐 come to oneself 苏醒2. 实战演习12345五、批示代词批示代词是表达“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等批示概念的代词。批示代词例句 单数 ThisThis girl is Mary. ThatThat is Mary. 复数 TheseThese men are my teachers. ThoseThose are my teachers.1. 批示代词的用法（1）this 和these 一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that 和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。

13、如：Thisis a pen andthatis a pencil. We are busythesedays.（2）有时that 和those 指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these 则是指下面将要讲到的事物。如： I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say isthis: pronunciation is very important in learning English（3）有时为了避免反复提到的名词，常可用that 或those 替代。如： Television sets made in Beijing are

14、just as good asthosemade in Shanghai（4）this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。如： Hello! This is Mary. IsthatJack speaking?2. 实战演习1The machines made in China are cheaper than _ made in Japan.A.onesB.thatC.thoseD.it2Look! Whats _ in the sky?It looks like a kite.A.thisB.thatC.thoseD.them3-Have you found your lost

15、mobile phone?-No, I havent found _, but I bought_ this morning.A.one; thatB.that; oneC.it; oneD.one; it六、疑问代词1. 疑问代词及词组疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what 和which 等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。如：疑问词意思用法when什么时间问时间what time什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟who谁问人whose谁的问主人where在哪里问地点which哪一种问选择why为什么问因素what什么问东西、事物what co

16、lor什么颜色问颜色what about怎么样问意见what day星期几问星期几what date什么日期问日期how怎么样问状况how old多大年龄问年龄how many多少数量（可数名词）问数量how much多少钱，多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）how about怎么样问意见how often多久问频率how long多长时间问时间长度how far多远问多远；多长距离2. 实战演习1234七、连接代词连接代词： 用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom, whose, that，它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾

17、语，定语。如： Do you know who has won the Red Alert game? I dont know whom you should depend on? I knowwhathe said at the meeting. 问题是谁来修理它。 你能告诉我哪条路是去邮局的吗？八、不定代词不是指明替代任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可做主语、表语、宾语和定语。不定代词没有拟定的对象，常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, anot

18、her, some any, no 以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。两者三者都bothall都不neithernone或者（任一种）eitherany每一种each（2）every（3）注意（1）both 之后加名词的复数形式 + 谓语动词原形。（2）all 既可以加名词的复数形式，也可以加不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。（3）Neither / none of +名词的复数形式 + 谓语动词三单。（4）Neithernor. 或 either or. 用就近原则。1. 常用不定代词的用法（1）some 与any 的区别 some 多用于肯定句，表达“某些

19、，几种”作形容词时，背面可以接不可数名词也可以接可数名词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否认句中，表达“某些，任何”用作形容词时，背面可以接不可数名词也可接可数名词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. any 和 some 也可以做代词用，表达“某些”。any 多用于疑问句，否认句和条件

20、句中，some 多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. 如果你没有钱，我可以借给你某些。注意：some 用于疑问句时，表达建议、祈求或但愿得到肯定回答。 Would you likesomecoffee with sugar? 你要加糖的咖啡吗？（2）few, a few, little, a little 在用法上的区别可数名词不可数名词含义fewLittle否认含义，没有多少了a fewa little肯定含义，尚有一点 He has a few friends. 她有几种朋友。 He has

21、 few friends. 她几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们尚有点时间。 There is little time left. 几乎没剩余什么时间了。1- What do you usually have for breakfast? - _milk and _ eggs.A.Little, a littleB.A few, fewC.A little, a fewD.A few, a little2- Would you like some tea?- Yes, just _.A.a fewB.fewC.a littleD.little bit

22、（3）other, the other, another, others, the others 的区别用法代名词形容词单数复数单数复数不定another另一种others别人，其她人another (boy)另一种（男孩）other (boys)其她（男孩）特定the other另一种the others其他那些人、物the other (boy)另一种(男孩)the other (boys)其他那些(男孩) other 可以作形容词用，背面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其她的、别的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books

23、except this one. other 也可以用作代词，与冠词the 连用构成“the other”，表达两个人或物中的“另一种”。常与one 搭配构成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other. other 作代词时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“此外的人或物”。常与some 搭配构成“some ., others .”

24、句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. “the others”表达特指某范畴内的“其她的人或物”。 We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. another 可以作形容词用，修饰背面的名词，意为“另一种”。 You

25、 can see another ship in the sea, cant you? another 也可以作代词用，表达“另一种”。 Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.用any other, any others, the other, other填空。（1）He is taller thanstudent in his class.（2）He is taller thanin his class.（3）He is taller thanstudents in his class.（4）Some

26、students like pop music whiledont in their school.（5）I want somebooks besides this dictionary.（4）every 与 each 的区别eachevery可单独使用不可单独使用可做代名词、形容词仅作形容词着重“个别”着重“全体”，毫无例外用于两者或两者以上中的每一种人或物用于三者或三者以上的每一种人或物Each ofEvery one of The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different color.注意：当我们说each c

27、hild, each student 或each teacher 时，我们想到的是一种人的状况。而当我们说every child 和every student 时，我们想到的是全体的状况，every 的意思与all 接近，表达她们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.（5）many与much的用法many 修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表达限度的副词 so

28、, too, as, how连用。much 修饰不可数名词，也可以与表达限度的副词so, too, as, how连用。 There are too many mistakes in your exercises. He has got too much work to do.（6）复合不定代词复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing 等所构成的不定代词。复合不定代词涉及something（某事物）, somebody（某人）, someone（某人）, anything（任何事物）, anybody（任何人）, anyone（任何人）,

29、 nothing（没事物）, nobody（没人）, no one（没人）, everything（一切事物）, everybody（每个人）, everyone（每个人） 等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。复合不定代词的指代对象： 含-body 和-one 的复合代词只用来指人，含-body 的复合不定代词与含-one 的复合不定代词在功能和 意义上完全相似，可以互换。只是用-body 时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one 时显得较文雅些，更常用于正式场合及书面语中。如： Someone/Somebody is crying in the

30、next room. 有人在隔壁房间哭。 No one/Nobody is stupid. 没有谁是愚蠢的。 含-thing 的复合不定代词只用来指事物。如： Are you going to buy anything? 你会去买东西吗？ I can hear nothing but your voice. 我只听到了你的声音。复合不定代词的属格： 含-one 和-body 等指人的复合代词可有-s 属格形式。如： Everybodys business is nobodys business. 人们的事情没人管。 Is this anybodys seat? 这儿有人坐吗？ 含-one 和-

31、body 等指人的复合代词后跟else 时，-s 属格应加在else之后。如： Can you remember someone elses name? 你还记得其她人的姓名吗？ 含-thing 等指事物的复合不定代词没有-s 属格形式。复合不定代词的定语：复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的背面。如： Can you tell something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗？ Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗？2. 实战演习1He has _ to tell us.A.something importantB.

32、important something C.anything useful D.useful nothing2His earliest plays are excellent, but his latest one is _.A.somethingB.everythingC.anythingD.nothing3 Do you have_ at home now, Stella? No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.A.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anything4 Do

33、you mind if Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you? Im afraid I do. Ill be glad to lend money to _ but Charlie.A.someoneB.everyoneC.anyoneD.no one九、互相代词1. 互相代词的用法用于表达互相关系的代词叫做互相代词。常用的有：each other, one another，两者没有很大的区别，一般可以互换。互相代词可以作宾语、定语。互相代词后可以加s, 表达所有关系，做定语。如： We should learn from each other / one another. （做宾语） 你们常常彼此写信吗？ We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （做定语） The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their hom