2014年考研英语一真题下载

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1、2019年考研英语一真题下载研究生考试2019年英语（一）真题及答案汇总。2019年考研时间为：2019年1月4日6日。考研教育网祝全体考生顺利通过考试。Section 1 Use of English Directions： Read the following text .Choose the word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET .（10 points） As many people hit middle age， they often start to notice that th

2、eir memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be .We suddenly cant remember _we put the keys just a moment ago ，or an old acquaintances name， or the name of an old band we used to love .As the brain _，we refer to these occurrences an “senior moments.” _ seemingly innocent ， this loss of me

3、ntal focus can potentially have a（n） _impact on our professional， social ， and personal_. Neuroscientists ，experts who study the nervous system ，are increasingly showing that theres actually a lot that can be done .It _out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do ，and the ri

4、ght mental _can significantly improve our basic cognitive _.Thinking is _essentially a _of making connections in the brain .To a certain extent ，our ability to _in marking the connections that drive intelligence is inherited . ability to _in making the connections are made through effort and practic

5、e ，_，because these connections are made through effort and practice ， scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate _ mental effort . Now ， a new Web-based company has taken it a step _and developed the first “ brain training program ” designed to actually help people improve and reg

6、ain their mental _. The Web-based program _ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills . The program keeps _of your progress and provides detailed feedback _ your performance and improvement .Most importantly， it _modifies and enhances the games you play to _ on the strengths you

7、 are developing - much like a（n） _ exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use . 1.Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhy 2. Aimproves Bfades Crecovers Dcollapses 3. AIf BUnless COnce DWhile 4. Auneven Blimited Cdamaging Dobsucure 5. Awellbeing Benvirenment Crelationahip Doutlook

8、6. Aturns Bfinds Cpoints Dfigures 7. Aroundabouts Bresponses Cworkouts Dassociations 8. Agenre Bfunctions Ccicumstances Dcriterion 9. Achannel Bcondition Csequence Dprocess 10. Apersist Bbelieve Cexcel Dfeature 11. ATherefore BMoreover COtherwise DHowever 12. Aaccording to Bregardless of Capart from

9、 Dinstead of 13. Aback Bfurther Caside Daround 14. Asharpness Bstability Cframework Dflexibility 15. Aforces Breminds Churries Dallows 16. Ahold Btrack Corder Dpace 17. Ato Bwith Cfor Don 18. Airregularly Bhabitually Cconstantly Dunusually 19. Acarry Bput Cbuild Dtake 20. Arisky Beffective Cidle Dfa

10、miliar Section 2 Reading Comprehension Part A Directions： Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，CorD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points） Text 1 In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency.”GeorgeOsbome，Chancellor of the

11、Exchequer，inroduced the “upfront work search” sebeme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV. register for online job search， and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit - and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable？ More

12、apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseekers allowance. “There first few days should be spent looking for work， not looking to sign on.” he4 claimed， “Were doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get

13、into work faster.” Help？ Rellay？ On first hearing， this was the socially concerned chancellor， trying to change lives for the better， complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work， and subsidises laziness. What motivate

14、d him， we were to understand， was his zeal for “fundamental fairness” - protecting the taxpayer， controlling spending and ensuring that only the most descring claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting： you dont skip down to the jobcenter with a song in your heart， delighted at the p

15、rospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying， psychologically embarrassing and you know that suport is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted； you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your li

16、fe. Worse， the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always ： a job. But in Osbomeland， your first instinct is to fall into depency - permanent dependency if you can get it - supported by a stat

17、e only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of erer-thougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happend. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you cna insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payme

18、nts if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseekers allowance” is about redefining rhe unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead， the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance，” cond

19、itional on actively seeking a job； no entitlement and no insurance， at $71.70 a week， one of the least generous in the EU. 21. George Osborues scheme was intended to Aprovide the unemployed with easier access to benefits. Bencourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking. Cmotivate the unemploy

20、ed to report voluntarily. Dguarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits. 22. The phrase “to sign on ”most probably means A to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre. Bto accept the governments restriction on the allowance. Cto register for an allowance form the government. Dto atten

21、d a government job-training program. 23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme？ AA desire to secure a better life for all BAn eagerness to protect the unemployed. C An urge to be generous to the claimants. DA passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers. 24.According to Paragraph 3，being un

22、employed makes one feel Auneasy Benraged Cinsulted Dguilty 25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree？ AThe British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness. BOsbornes reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment. CThe jobseekers allowance has met their actual needs. DUnemp

23、loyment benefits should not be made conditional. Text2 All around the world， lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession -with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. During the decade bef

24、ore the economic crisis spending on legal services in America grew twice as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money，tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big -firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer

25、 that makes the tort system a costlt nightmare. There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawer in most American states a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject， then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schoo

26、ls authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves todays average law-school graduate with $1000，000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard. Reforming the system would help both lawyers

27、 and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time， but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two ye

28、ars of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stem enough test for a would-be lawyer， those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third. The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ow

29、nership syucture of the business. Except in the District of Columbia， non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession， but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of

30、a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. In fact， allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers， by encouraging law firms to use technology and improve services to customers， by encouraging

31、 law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms efficiency. After all， other countries， such as Australia and Britain， have started liberalizing there legal professions. America should follow. 26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to A

32、 the growing demand from clients. B the increasing pressure of inflation. C the prospect of working in big firms. D the attraction of financial rewards. 27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states？ A Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies. B Admissi

33、ons approval from the bar association. C Pursuing a bachelors degree in another major. D Receiving training by professional associations. 28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from A lawyers and clients strong resistance. B the rigid bodies governing the profession. C the stern

34、exam for would-be lawyers. D non-professionals sharp criticism. 29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it A bans outsiders involvement in the profession. B keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares. C aggravates the ethical situation in the trade. D preven

35、ts lawyers from gaining due profits. 30. In this text， the author mainly discusses A flawed ownership of Americas law firms and causes. B the factors that help make a successful lawyer in American. C a problem in Americas legal profession and solutions to it. D the role of undergraduate studies in A

36、mericas legal education. Text 3 The USS3-millon Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this years award in Mach And it is far from the only one of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many， l

37、ike the Fundamental Physics Prize are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields， they say， and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science. Whats not to like？ Quit

38、e a lot， according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class， as the old saying goes， and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them， say scientists. They cou

39、ld distort the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius. The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock， others to draw people into science， or to better reward those who have made

40、 their careers in research. As Nature has pointed before， there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes - both new and old - are distributed. The breakthrough prize in Life Sciences， launched this year， takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Fou

41、ndations limit of limit of three recipients per prize， each of whom must still be living， has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research - as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nob

42、els were， of course， themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time， rather than intention， has given them legitimacy. As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards， two things seem clear. First， most researchers would accept

43、such a prize if they were offered one. Second， it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism - that is the culture of research， after all - but it is the prize-givers money to do with as they please

44、. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace. 31.The Fundamental physics Prize is seen as A a symbol of the entrepreneurs wealth B a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes C an example of bankers investments D a handsome reward for researchers 32.The critics think that the new awards w

45、ill most benefit Athe profit-oriented scientists Bthe founders of the new awards Cthe achievement-based system Dpeer-review-led research 33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves Acontreversies over the recipients status Bthe joint effort of modern researchers Clegitimate

46、concerns over the new prizes Dthe demonstration of research findings 34.According to Paragraph4， which of the following is true of the Nobels？ ATheir endurance has done justice to them BTheir legitimacy has long been in dispute CThey are the most representative honor DHistory has never cast doubt on

47、 them 35.the author believes that the now awards are Aacceptable despite the criticism Bharmful to the culture of research Csubject to undesirable changes Dunworthy of public attention Text 4 “The Heart of the Matter， ”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences （AAAS）， des

48、erves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably， however， the reports failure to address the true nature of the critics facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. In 2019， leading

49、 congressional Democrats and Republicans sent liners to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by“federal， atste and local”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response， the American Academy formed the Commission on

50、the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commissions 51members are top-tier-university presidents， scholars， lawyers， judges， and business executives. As well ad prominent figures from diplomacy， filmmaking， music and journalism. The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Becau

51、se representative government representative government presupposes an informed citizenry， the report supports full literacy， stresses the study of history and government， particularly American history and American government； and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovatio

52、n and competition， the report calls fornicated investment in research， the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century， increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear

53、on the great challengers of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages， international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs. Unfortunately， despite 2% years in the making，“ The heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter， the illiberal nature of

54、 library education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades Americas colleges and universities have produced graduates who dont know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly，the spirit of inquiry once

55、at home on campus has been replaced by the use of humanities and social sciences an vehicles for publicizing “progressive， ”or left-liberal propaganda. Today， professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portr

56、aying conservative or classical liberal ideas-such as free markets and self-reliance-as falling outside the boundaries of routine， and sometimes legitimate， intellectual investigation. The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the

57、depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate. 36. According to Paragraph 1， what is the authors attitude toward the AAASs report？ A Critical B Appreciative. C Contemptuous. D Tolerant. 37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to A retain

58、 peoples interest in liberal education. B define the governments role in education. C keep a leading position in liberal education. D safeguard individuals rights to education. 38. According to Paragraph 3， the report suggest A an exclusive study of American history. B a greater emphasis on theoreti

59、cal subjects. C the application of emerging technologies. D funding for the study of foreign languages. 40. Which of the following would would be the best title for text？ A Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter” B Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter” C The AAASs Contribution to Liberal

60、 Education D Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education Part B Directions The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45， you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs

61、 A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. （10 points） A Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable-for example， the Parthenon in Athens， Greece； the pyramids of Giza in Egypt； and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exc

62、eptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching， while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge， an early hominid site in Tanzania， was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s. B In another case， American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihu