高中英语 Unit2 lesson 1 modern heroes-grammar 北师大版必修1

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1、(I)规则动词的过去式变化规则（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：worked played wanted acted（2）以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：lived moved decided hoped（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：studied tried copied just（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stopped dropped planned dotted dripped基本结构基本结构规则动词词尾加规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：有三种读音：1.在清辅音后读作t。如：asked

2、,helped,watched,stopped 2.在浊辅音和元音后读作d。如：enjoyed,studied,moved,called 3.在t/d后读作id。如：wanted,needed基本结构基本结构(II)不规则动词的过去式 不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。1.以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：putput,letlet,cutcut,beatbeat2.以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:buildbuilt,lendlent,sendsent,spendspent3.以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：meanmeant,burnburnt,learnlearnt基本结构基本

3、结构4.以ow/aw结尾的词，把ow/aw变成ew。如：blowblew,drawdrew,knowknew,growgrew5.含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keepkept,sleepslept,feelfelt,smellsmelt6.含有元音字母o/i的词，将o/i变成a。如：singsang,givegave,sitsat,drinkdrank 基本结构基本结构(III)Be动词的过去式（1）am-was（2）are-were（3）is-was基本结构基本结构基本句式基本句式句式结构例句肯定句 主语+实义动词过去式+He smoked many cigarette

4、s a day否定句 主语+didnt+原形实义动词+I didnt know you were so busy.一 般疑问句Did+主语+原形实义动词+?Did you have a party the other day？特 殊疑问句疑问词+did+主语+原形实义动词+?When did you have your lunch?基本句式基本句式句式结构例句肯定句 主语+was/were+I was late yesterday.否定句 主语+wasnt/werent+We werent late yesterday.一 般疑问句Was/Were+主语+?Were you ill yeste

5、rday?特 殊疑问句疑问词+was/were+主语+?When were you born?1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如如 yesterday,the day before last,last week,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,等。上上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。I worked in

6、that factory last year.去年我去年我在那一家工厂工作。在那一家工厂工作。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday.昨天我们去了天龙山。昨天我们去了天龙山。基本用法基本用法2.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，常与always，never等连用。Mrs.Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）比较 Mrs.Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然

7、还习惯总带着一把伞）基本用法基本用法3 表示过去连续发生的一连串动作。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。基本用法基本用法4.有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际内涵意思表明是过去发生的动作或存在的状态。（这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！）I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。I thought you were

8、ill.我以为你病了呢。基本用法基本用法5.在某些特殊句式或结构中，用一般过去时，并不都是表示“过去时”，它表示某种感情色彩。It is time you went to bed.(你早该睡觉了)I would rather you came tomorrow.(我宁愿你明天来。)Could you lend me your bike?(你能把自行车借我用一下吗？)基本用法基本用法过去进行时是由“be动词的过去式was/were现在分词”构成。基本结构基本结构基本句式基本句式句式结构例句肯定句 主语+was/were+现在分词I was helping my mother in the kit

9、chen all day否定句 主语+wasnt/werent+现在分词I wasnt repairing the bike at that time.一 般疑问句Was/Were+主语+现在分词?Were you talking to the head teacher？特 殊疑问句疑问词+was/were+主语+现分词?Who were you writing to?1.过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：用，如：I was doing my homework at this time yes

10、terday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。They were expecting you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等待。他们昨天一直在等待。基本用法基本用法2.过去进行时可与过去进行时可与soon,the next moment,in minutes,minutes later等时间状语连用，表示一个新的动作等时间状语连用，表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。如：刚刚开始。如：Soon the whole town was talking about it.不久镇上的人就都谈论起这种事了。不久镇上的人就都谈论起这种事了。基本用法基本用法3过去进行时可用来为一个后一系

11、列动作的发生提供背景。如：I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike.我在骑车时把腿摔坏了。基本用法基本用法1.过去一般时表示的是过去经常发生的动作或状态。而过去进行时表示的是过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。因此，它们在使用的时间词语上有着比较明显的区别。那就是，一般过去时所指的过去时间却比较笼统，而过去进行时所指的过去时间则比较具体，并含有“当时正在做某事”的意思。She joined the League three years ago.Mary was cooking at this time yesterday.比较比较2.过去一般时表示的某个动作已经完成

12、，而过去进行时则不一定完成。一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，强调的是动作的发生、结束或完成。过去进行时表示某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作,强调的是动作的持续性。I first met Lisa three years ago.She was working at a radio shop at the time.比较比较3、过去进行时可用来描绘事情发生的背景。即：过去某时A动作正在进行，B动作在A动作进行的过程中发生了，A动作就是B动作发生的背景。如：It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hard and the rain

13、was falling heavily.A stranger came out from behind a street.比较比较下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：1.表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：Tom was getting up at six oclock every day that week.汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。比较比较2.与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：John was always coming to school late.约翰上学总是迟到。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the

14、 people.雷锋总是为人民做好事。比较比较3.用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily.A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank.He wanted to cross the river.那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上，他想过河去。比较比较4.when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时

15、。如：I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain.我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。比较比较5.go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武汉。She was coming later.她随后就来。比较比较1.(07北京）It was really very kind of you to give me a lift hom

16、e.Oh,dont mention it.I _ past your house anyway.was coming B.will come C.had come D.have come2.(06安徽)I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident Awent;was occurring Bwent;occurredCwas going;occurred Dwas going;had occurred练习练习3.(06北京)Where did you put the car keys?Oh,I _ I put

17、 them on the chair because the phone rang as I _ in.A.remembered;come B.remembered;was comingC.remember;come D.remember;was coming4.(07四川)Did you see a man in black pass by just now?No,sir.I _ a newspaper.A.read B.was reading C.would read D.am reading练习练习5.(08安徽)-Did you watch the basketball match y

18、esterday?Yes,I did.You know,my brother _ in the match.is playing B.was playing C.has played D.had played6.(08四川)The telephone _,but by the time I got indoors,it stopped.had rung B.was ringing C.rings D.has rung练习练习5.(08安徽)-Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes,I did.You know,my brother _

19、in the match.is playing B.was playing C.has played D.had played6.(08四川)The telephone _,but by the time I got indoors,it stopped.had rung B.was ringing C.rings D.has rung练习练习7.It is said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education.A.were being designed B.have designedC.have been designed D.were designed8.I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I _ there several years ago.are going B.had been C.went D.have been练习练习