研究生英语课程课后答案(专硕)

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1、Unit 1Text AII. Language points1.How successful youll be in making transitions among careers can at least be partially attributed to the amount of career planning and preparation youve done. (Para. 1) If you are well-prepared in making plans for your future career, the chances are that you might as

2、well succeed in changing your career because how successfully you change your career may in part result from what preparations youve done in career planning. 2.Think of career planning as building bridges from your current job/career to your next job/career; without the bridge, you may easily stumbl

3、e or lose your way, but with the bridge there is safety and directions. (Para. 2) You should regard making plans for your career as building bridges which are the transitions from your current job/career to your next job/career and may help you find the right door to the future.3.And while career pl

4、anning and career decision-making is an important aspect of your life, do not put so much pressure on yourself that it paralyzes you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans. (Para. 5) dont put too much pressure on yourself to make real choices, decisions, or plans.4.To help you with your c

5、areer planning, consider using the following exercises to their fullest potential. (Para. 6) consider using the following exercises to their fullest degree/ as much as possible.5.Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged and see if you can de

6、velop a common profile of these situations. (Para. 9) Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited, most vigorous, most engrossed and try to generalize the features these situations have in common. 6.Remember those papers you had to write as a kid about what you wanted to be when

7、 you grew up? (Para. 13) Do you still remember when you were little you were asked to write about what you would like to be in the future?7.Take the time to revert back to those idyllic times and brainstorm about your current dream job; be sure not to let any negative thoughts cloud your thinking. (

8、Para. 13) Spend some time in returning back to these simple, peaceful and pleasant times and trying to think more about your current ideal job to make sure that no negative thoughts could make your thinking obscure /unclear.8.Look for ideas internally, but also make the effort to explore/research ot

9、her careers/ occupations that interest you. (Para. 13) You should not only look for ideas inside yourself/ at the bottom of your heart, but also explore/research other careers/occupations you are interested in from the outside.9.Pinpoint the qualifications you need to move to the next step in your c

10、areer or to make the move to a new career path. (Para. 18) Mark clearly the qualifications that are needed in career changing. 10.If youre not sure, search job postings and job ads, conduct informational interviews, research job descriptions. (Para. 18) If youre not sure about the qualifications req

11、uired in the new career, you should search job postings and job advertisements for those qualifications, take part in interviews in which you know something about the job, and study the list of general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position.11.Develop a timeline and action plans for

12、 achieving each type, being sure to set specific goals and priories. (Para. 20) Make a timetable and action plans for achieving each type of qualification you need and remember to set concrete goals and decide what should be done first.12.Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing,

13、and the skills that you have or plan for today may not be in demand years from now. (Para. 21) Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have mastered or you plan to master now may not be required or needed in the future.13.Long-range career planning should

14、 be more about identifying and developing core skills that employers will always value while developing your personal and career goals in broad strokes. (Para. 21) When planning career for the long run, you should focus on pinpointing and developing the essential skills in general that will always b

15、e valued no matter whom your employers are or how time changes. 14.Heres a collection of the best self-assessment tools, designed to give you a better idea of your attitudes and interests as they relate to possible career choices. (Para. 25) The best collected self-assessment tools are developed to

16、make you clear about your attitudes and interests related to the careers that you may choose. 15.Some tools and resources especially for established job-seekers contemplating a career change. (Para. 26) In the section of Career Change Resources, there are some tools and resources especially for thos

17、e established job-hunters who consider changing careers.16.Taking the time to use a career journal is a fantastic way to conduct career planning on a regular basis. (Para. 31) It is great to spend some time using a career journal to carry out career planning regularly. 17.The concept of transferable

18、 skills is a vital job-search technique that all job-seekers should master, though the concept is especially important for career changers and college students. (Para. 33) All job-hunters should master those skills that are needed to make transitions from school to workplace or from your current job

19、 to the next jobIII. Key to the exercises1. Reading Comprehension (1)According to the author, career planning is very essential because it functions as bridges built from ones current job/career to his/her next job/career and with the bridges there is safety and direction.(2)The main idea of the pas

20、sage:The passage offers some basic guidelines for both short-term and long-term career planning.(3)Short-term career plan and long-term career plan are different. A short-term career plan focuses on a timeframe ranging from the coming year to the next few years. It is characterized by developing rea

21、listic goals and objectives that can be accomplished in the near future. But long-term career planning usually involves a broader set of guidelines and preparation and focuses on and developing workplace core skills and identifying career trends.(4)In order to hold a positive attitude towards short-

22、term career planning, you should free yourself form all career barriers, such as personal barriers, family pressure and peer pressure. And you shouldnt put so much pressure on yourself because it may paralyze you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans.(5)Before you develop a picture of yo

23、urself and your career, you should analyze your current/future lifestyle, likes/dislikes, passion, definition of success, personality, dream job and current situation.2. VocabularySection A(1) on the move (2) In terms of (3) quintessential (4) perspective (5) priority (6) cloud (7) brainstormed (8)

24、extravert, introvert(9) Reverting (10) timeframe Section B(1) A(2) B(3) C(4) C(5) A(6) D(7) D(8) A(9) C(10) A3. Cloze(1) right(2) not(3) wrong(4) First of all(5) knowledge(6) Only(7) no matter what(8) outperform(9) successful(10) higher(11) who(12) still(13) rather than(14) figure out(15) worst(16)

25、Then(17) However(18) rehearse(19) more(20)instead of 4. TranslationA. Chinese to English 1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Although we failed this time, we should not be sunk in apathy, because as we all know, “failure is the mother of success.” And we are all wedded to the belie

26、f that this failure will be the beginning of future success. (2)The idyllic Indonesian island is a beautiful combination of spirituality, natural beauty and a taste of the exotic.(3)Adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood, is always a critical time for everybody. So parents must pay

27、special attention to their childrens growth in this period.(4)Thank you for your really practical advice, but I still need time to reflect on it. (5)Youd better contemplate the related issues before making a final decision, and formulate a feasible action plan that can be fulfilled in one year. (6)I

28、n this English Speaking Contest, what impresses me most is that contestant 11 is a very fluent speaker of English, but its a pity that he fails to confine himself to the subject.(7)Neither difficulty nor failure frustrates his passion in his research. He was content to go as far as he could.(8)Anthr

29、opologists, as far as I know, are still unable to pinpoint just where along the line man and the apes branched into two distant species.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.We all have goals and aspirations. Sometimes we have difficulty knowing where to start. We want that new body, or

30、want to be healthy and have more energy, but we just do not know what the first step is. In addition, the road to our goals is sometimes a rocky one. It is difficult to transgress and sometimes we just want to give up. We sometimes forget that our current situation did not occur overnight and so cha

31、nging it will not happen overnight either. It will take time and hard work. Therefore, I suggest that you should set only one goal at a time. When you try to take on too much at once, you can become overwhelmed quickly. Create a list and take one goal at a time. Once you achieve that goal, back to y

32、our list to mark it off, and move to the next one. The act of achieving goals individually will give you a greater sense of accomplishment. You can even break the one goal into smaller parts. This gives you motivation and success more often than waiting for days or months to achieve a larger goal.B.

33、 English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.每位求职者都需要花点时间远离平常繁忙的工作，仔细思量你的事业，为将来制定筹划。无论你喜欢目前的工作和老板或是感到受缚于目前工作，职业规划可以协助你。职业规划被视作建立连接目前工作/职业和将来工作/职业的桥梁，没有这座桥，你会跌跌撞撞或迷失方向；但有了这座桥，就有了安全的保证和明确的方向。2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.（1）一位

34、权威科学家警告说，机器人在家庭、工作场合和战争中的兴起必须受到伦理规范的监督和控制，以此限定机器人在某些敏感情境中的运用，例如看小孩、照顾老人以及作战等情境。（2）谢菲尔德大学的人工智能专家诺埃尔夏基专家警告说，机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中，这也许会导致（被服务者）与世隔绝的状态，由于人们在给机器人设定指令后，往往很长时间不再问津。（3）第一条规定机器人不得伤害人类；第二条规定机器人必须服从人类的命令，但不得违背第一条定律；第三条规定机器人应尽量保护自己，但不得违背前两条定律。（4）但是20世纪末提出的有关具有高度人工智能的机器人将崛起的预言并未实现，但是机器人科学家已赋予了听命于她们的机器

35、以准智能的特性，例如简朴的言语辨认、情绪体现以及面部辨认等能力。（5）目前机器人的智力水平连愚蠢都算不上。如果我哪怕觉得她们会在智力上高出人类一等，我都不会有这些担忧了。Text BCareer Path: Acting Your AgeKey to the exercisesGuess the meaning of the word(s)(1) troublesome (2) strenuous (3) handicap (4) similar in meaning(5) applies (6) commendable (7) saturated (8) intimidating(9) at

36、tracting (10) Whats moreTrue or false(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) T(7) T(8) FUnit 2Text AII. Language points1.Even a modest space voyage, Dyson calculated, would set the average family back 1,500 years in wages. (Para.1) According to Dysons calculation, even a modest and common space voyage would co

37、st the average family wages of about 1,500 years.set back: cost (a person) specific amounte.g. My new car set me back $3 000.2.The difference reflected the relative difficulty of space travel, but also the limitations of big government programs to do things on the cheap. (Para.1) The cost difference

38、 not only has showed space travel is much more difficult than the Mayflowers voyage in 1620 and the westward journey of the Mormons in 1840s, but also proved that government needs to reduce its spending on big and expensive programs and turn its attention to the programs that cost less money. 3.Noth

39、ing has happened in the past 40 years to suggest that NASA has come any closer to the commercial sweet spot of the Colonial settlers. (Para.2) In the past 40 years, nothing has shown that NASAs has found its best solution to which it could start and develop its business just like early colonial sett

40、lers who found their place, Massachusetts, to settle down and made their living move on based on their settlement.A sweet spot is a place, often numerical as opposed to physical, where a combination of factors suggests a particularly suitable solution. In the context of a racquet, bat or similar spo

41、rting instrument, sweet spot is often believed to be the same as the center of percussion. In this context, sweet spot means a financially profitable situation. Colonial settlers found this sweet spot while NASA didnt come close.4.The commission headed by Lockheed Martin chairman Norm Augustine that

42、 has spent much of the past year deliberating on NASAs human spaceflight program (Para.2)deliberate on: to consider /discuss or negotiate仔细研究，审议e.g. We had no time to deliberate on the problem.5.even though ending this program would send NASAs international partners into apoplexy. (Para.2) even thou

43、gh ending the ISS program would make NASAs international partners feel very angry.The apoplexy is an outdated medical term, which can be used to mean “bleeding”. It can be used non-medically to mean a state of extreme rage or excitement.6.More embarrassing, with NASAs space shuttle due to be mothbal

44、led in , and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule, not due to fly until , the partners face a two year gap in which they will have to rely on Russias Soyuz ships to commute to the space station. (Para.2) To NASAs embarrassment, they had to stop using their shuttle in and its cheaper replacemen

45、t, the Orion capsule cannot fly until , so there will be a two year gap between and , in which NASAs international partners have to depend on Russias ship to come and go to the space station.mothball: to decide not to use or develop something, for a period of time, especially a piece of equipment or

46、 a plan 封存；搁置不用If someone in authority mothballs a plan, factory, or piece of equipment, they decide to stop developing or using it, perhaps temporarily. 7.The shortfall may force NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators to a degree thats unprecedented in its history. (P

47、ara.3) The shortage or lack of money may force NASA to get commercial operators involved in its space-exploration program to a degree that has never happened before.shortfall: n. 缺口；差额；亏空If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need. 8.The move could create opportunities fo

48、r the modern equivalents of Young and Bradfordentrepreneurs willing to risk their livelihoods on making the exploration of space affordable by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to their targets. (Para.3) The

49、 move NASAs opening up its space program to commercial or private sectors could create opportunities for upcoming modern entrepreneurs like Young and Bradford in the early times. They are willing to take a risk in spending much money, effort and even their lives on space exploration in order to get

50、it started and moved on by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to meet NASAs targets. 9.In the past, NASA has been deeply involved in managing design and development work by outside contractors, a messy proces

51、s that made the shuttle expensive and unsafe, rather than cheap and safe. Now the agency is under pressure to step back and buy services wholesale from private firms. (Para.3) In the past, NASA has spent much effort and time asking outside contractors to design and develop space shuttles, which is a

52、 very complicated process making the space shuttle expensive and unsafe rather than cheap and safe. Now due to financial pressure, the agency has stepped back to entrust private firms to do all the business for NASA.10.“Were talking about a movement from where the government has been the prime contr

53、actor, managing situations with a very hands-on role, to a situation where they are just a customer,” says Larry Williams. (Para.3) We are talking about the movement NASA has shifted it role from a major contractor who needs to do every detailed and practical work by itself to a customer who buys se

54、rvices wholesale from private firms.11.The next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft. (Para.5) The next step is to enable the private firms to send astronauts to outer space just like cargo that can be delivered. aloft: adj./adv. high in the air 在空中高处Somethin

55、g that is aloft is in the air or off the ground. 12.To do that, NASA will have to relinquish some of its oversight of crew safety. This isnt entirely without precedent. (Para.5) In order to let private firms send astronauts into space, NASA will have to give up their responsibility of regulating cre

56、w safety. This has happened before.relinquish: vt. to stop having something, especially when this happens unwillinglyIf you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up. oversight: the state of being in charge of somebody/something 负责；照管13.Space X claims it could adapt its cargo-car

57、rying spaceship for ferrying a human crew in less than three years, once it gets the green light. (Para.6) Space X claims it could make some change to its spaceship so that it could send people to outer space in less than three years, once it gets permission.14.If Virgin and other commercial firms c

58、an deliver, Earth orbit will be far more accessible than its ever been before. Although it would still be a stretch for all but the wealthiest people, costs could come down low enough to jump-start markets for tourism. (Para.8) If commercial firms like Virgin Galactic can deliver man to Earth orbit,

59、 then Earth orbit would be much easier to get to than ever before. It would be open to nobody but the wealthiest people since only the rich can afford the high price，but the cost could be reduced so that it would become a rising market for tourism. 15.The big sticking point, however, will be safety.

60、 Even though NASA holds the safety of its crew paramount, it still hasnt been able to escape the occasional disaster, like the loss of the Columbia shuttle and its crew in . (Para.8) The key point is still the consideration of safety of its crew. Even though NASA regards the safety of its crew as th

61、e most important thing, it still hasnt been able to avoid the occasional disaster, such as the loss of the Space shuttle, Columbia and its 7 crew members in .16.the space shuttle is unreliable, in part, because its all-purpose design is overly complex. NASA needs a bigger rocket capable of sending a

62、 crew, with equipment and supplies for a long-duration trip, beyond the tether of Earths gravity. (Para.9) the space shuttle is unreliable partly because its space shuttle is designed for all- around purposes, such as carrying cargo or people, etc. And the process of design is extremely complex. NAS

63、A needs a bigger rocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a longer trip, beyond the limitation or influence of Earths gravity.overly: too/ extremely17.It might be able to entice commercial firms to undertake their own big rockets if there were some payoff down the road. (Par

64、a.9) Private firms might be attracted to build their own rockets to deliver astronauts to outer space if they could get profits.payoff: n. return; reward; payment18.Many seemingly ridiculous ideas for generating energy and beaming it back to Earth now seem much less so, thanks to the climate crisis.

65、 (Para.9) The ideas of generating energy and shining it back to earth, which used to sound very funny, but now seems much possible and necessary due to the consideration of the climate crisis.19.the challenge of sending people safely into deep space and back for a profit is big enough to give any entrepreneur pause. (Para.10) the challenge for private services to send people safe