英译汉练习短文6篇

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1、英译汉练习短文6篇 Passage 1Satiric Literature1Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is loo

2、k at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World rid

3、icules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspected before Cervantes2, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley3, and people were aware of famine before Swift4. It w

4、as not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression，the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructiv

5、e. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness5 they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions6. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract p

6、latitude.Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing7, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though r

7、arely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attrib

8、ute to them, not do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed8.Notes 1这篇文章用词正式，句式严谨、周密、冗长，文风较为华丽。翻译时选词要正式，可多用四字构造和铺排形式。2Cervantes: 塞万提斯（1754-1616），西班牙伟大的作家、诗人、戏剧家。 3Aldous H

9、uxley:奥尔德斯赫胥黎（1825-1895），英国生物学家，作家。 4Swift: 斯威夫特（1667-1745），英国作家，擅长用挖苦和风趣揭发社会黑暗现象。 5briskness：brisk意为keen or sharp in speech or manner。 6secondhand opinions：不可翻译为“二手的观点”，应当是“人云亦云的的观点”。 7cheap moralizing：这里cheap意思不是“便宜的”，而是vulgar, contemptible; moralizing不是“道德”，而是“说教”。 8when they do not hear them exp

10、ressed：当直译不以便时，我们可用视点转移法：但是当周边人不谈起时Key挖苦文学 或许挖苦文学最突出的特点是它耳目一新、视角独创。挖苦文学很少给人以原创的思想,但是它却将人们熟悉的事情以全新的形式呈现出来。挖苦作家并不给人以新的哲学理念。她们所做的只是从某一视角来看待某些为人熟知的事情，在这一视角下，这些事情显得愚蠢不堪、布满危害而又矫揉造作。挖苦作品将我们从自鸣得意中震醒，让我们既快乐又惊诧地看到，我们从未质疑、全盘接受的价值观中，有诸多都是错误的。唐吉珂德使得骑士精神显得荒唐可笑；挑战新世界讥笑了科学的自诩；一种小小的建议则建议食用人肉，使饥饿问题戏剧化。这些思想中没有一条是原创的：在

11、塞万提斯之前就有人怀疑骑士精神；在赫胥黎之前人文主义者就反对宣称纯科学的至高无上；在斯威夫特之前人们就已经意识到饥荒问题。并不是思想的独创而使得挖苦文学受人欢迎，而是它的表述方式、嘲讽措施使得它趣味横生、有娱乐性。人们阅读挖苦文学只是由于在美学上它是让人心满意足的艺术品，而不是由于它在道德上有益或伦理上的教益。它激人兴奋、爽人身心，由于它只是运用常理通识、辛言辣语，便将多种幻想和人云亦云的观点一扫而光。挖苦文学自心而来不拘谦恭，它重新调节视角，将熟悉的事物紊杂地放置在一起，用个性化的语言而不是抽象的陈词滥语表述出来。 挖苦作品之因此存在是由于人们需要它。它存续至今，是由于读者欣赏爽身怡心的刺激

12、和不拘谦恭的告诫，它提示读者，她们生活的世界里布满了陈腐的思想意识、低俗的道德说教和愚蠢的哲学理念。挖苦作品虽然很少代表真理促成行动，但它却能使人们感悟到真理。挖苦作品常常告诉人们，她们在大众媒体中所看到的、听到的、读到的大多是伪装善良、多愁善感或只有部分真实。生活只在很小的限度上与大众对它的印象相符。士兵们很少拥有电影赋予她们的抱负，而一般老百姓也决不会把自己的生命无私地奉献给人道主义服务。聪颖人懂得这些事实，但是当周边人不谈起时，她们常常会忘掉掉。 Passage 2American Folk ArtWhat we today call American folk art was, art

13、 of, by, and for ordinary, everyday1 “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republicswhether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century A

14、mericanshave always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained increasing number of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, from New England especiall

15、y Connecticut and Massachusettsfor this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades after the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing westward, and the portrait painters could be found at work in western Ne

16、w York, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri. Midway through its first century2 as a nation, the United States population had increased roughly five times, and eleven new states had been added to original thirteen. During these years, the demand for portraits grew and grew, eventually to be satisf

17、ied by camera. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the profes

18、sional.But in the heyday of portrait paintingfrom the late eighteenth century until the 1850s anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner, as such a portraitist3 was called. Local craftspeoplesign, coach, and house paintersbegan to paint portraits as a profitable sideline; someti

19、mes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits; artists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvasses, and brushes and to travel the countryside, often combining house decorating with portrait pain

20、ting.Noteseveryday: 意为commonplace, ordinary midway through its first century: 美国独立后50年间 portraitist：译为“画师”，以和前面的limner（画家）相区别。 Key美国民间艺术 我们所说的美国民间艺术是由一般百姓所拥有、发明并享有的艺术。随着财富和闲暇与日俱增，她们发明了多种艺术的市场，特别是肖像绘画。家境殷实的、重要是中产阶级的市民不管她们是古罗马人，或是17世纪荷兰自治都市富裕居民，抑或是19世纪的美国人都对肖像绘画艺术体现出突出的爱好。从18世纪晚期开始，美国这一群体的数量不断增长，并且满足画

21、像规定的艺术家也不断地增长。 勿需惊奇，美国最早的民间艺术画像来自于新英格兰地区特别是康涅狄格州和.麻萨诸塞州由于这一地区富裕、人口稠密，并且是浓厚艺术老式的中心。1776年独立宣言宣布后的几十年中，人口不断西徙，在纽约州西部、俄亥俄州、肯塔基州、伊利诺斯州、密苏里州，人们随处可见肖像画师绘画的身影。美国独立后50年间，人口增长了近5倍，原先13个州又增长了11个。在这些岁月里，肖像绘画的规定不断增长，直到有了照相机才算得到满足。1839年银版照相法传入美国，照相时代开始，并且，在不超过一代人的时间内，手工画像就不再风行了。从此，人物画像又成为了奢侈品有钱人提出绘画规定，专业画家来完毕绘画。

22、但是在肖像绘画的全盛时期从18世纪晚期到19世纪50年代任何有一点艺术才干的人都可以成为“画家”，当时的肖像画师就是这样被人称呼的。本地艺人标牌、马车、房屋的画师也开始画人物肖像作为一种赚钱的副业。有时候有绘画天赋的男子或妇女一开始只给家庭成员勾勒画像，不久在本地名誉鹊起，然后诸多人前来规定画像；艺术家们发现，她们收拾起颜料、画布、画笔去各地巡游，既做房屋装饰又画人物肖像，是一件非常值得的事情。 Passage 3CrowsCrows are probably the most frequently met and easily identifiable members of the nati

23、ve fauna of the United States. The great number of tales, legends, and myths about these birds indicates that people have been exceptionally interested in them for a long time. On the other hand, when it comes to substantiveparticularly behavioralinformation, crows are less well known than many comp

24、arably common species and, for that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones, the endangered California condor, to cite one obvious example .There are practical reasons for this.Crows are notoriously poor and aggravating subjects for field research. Keen observers and quick learners, they are astute ab

25、out the intentions of other creatures, including researchers, and adept at avoiding them. Because they are so numerous, active, and monochromatic, it is difficult to distinguish one crow from another. Bands, radio transmitters, or other identifying devices can be attached to them, but this of course

26、 requires catching live crows, who are among the wariest and most untrappable of birds.Technical difficulties aside, crow research is daunting because the ways of these birds are so complex and various. As preeminent generalists, members of this species ingeniously exploit a great range of habitats

27、and resources, and they can quickly adjust to changes in their circumstances. Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interests and inclinations, strategies and scams. For example, one pet crow learned how to let a dog out of its kennel by pulling the pin on the door. When the do

28、g escaped, the bird went into the kennel and ate its food. Key乌鸦 乌鸦也许是美国本土动物中最常用、也是最容易辨认的成员（物种）。有关它的奇闻异事和神话传说（故事、传说和神话）流传众多，可见，人们对它的浓厚爱好由来已久。另一方面，在提及对它的本性特别是行为方面的理解时，与其她同样一般和某些非常罕见的物种一种显而易见的例子是加州濒临灭绝的秃鹫相比，它更鲜为人知。这其中有某些实际的因素。 众所周知，野外的乌鸦研究成果甚少，并让研究者苦恼不已。它们观测敏锐，领悟快捷，善于辨别其她动物和研究人员的意图，并能巧妙地避开她们。由于乌鸦数量众多、颜色单一、机警灵活，人们很难把它们辨别开来。人们固然可以把脚环、无线电发射机和其她辨认装置缚在乌鸦身上，但这却要满足一种前提，那就是活抓乌鸦但这却是最为机警、最难抓到的鸟类之一。 乌鸦的研究之因此令人却步，撇开技术上的困难不谈，其因素之一便是它们生活方式复杂多变。它们是超凡的多面手，其种族中的某些成员发明性地开发了大量的栖息地、运用大量的资源，并且能不久适应环境的变化。由于善于学习，每个乌鸦个体均有迥然不同的爱好、爱好，方略和花招。例如，有一只宠物乌鸦，学会将狗窝上的门闩拉开放狗出窝。狗出窝后，它便进去，享用了狗的美食。