英语可做定语-表语-补语-状语-的成分

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1、一.定语，状语，补语，表语 系统的比对，理解This is an interesting book. 这是一本有趣的书（形容词做定语， 特指有趣的，不是其她无趣的）This book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。（形容词做表语， 补充阐明主语 the book的特质）We found this book interesting.我们发现这本书有趣。This is an interesting book for Children. 对于小朋友来说这本书是有趣的。（for Children 对象状语）This interesting book sold well in . 这本书

2、在卖的较好。（in 做时间状语， interesting做定语修饰book）其实句子构造， 主， 谓， 宾， 定， 状， 补。 人们可以把这些成分，用一种舞台剧去设想， 就像她们互相搭配，形成的一种场景。一场戏基本构架就是 主 谓 宾，类似于 主人公， 动作， 人物的特质描述 或 事物。定 状 补： 可以理解为 定语 人物的塑造 剧本里设定好的， 状语相称于 情节中的环境，地点等， 补语 相称于事情的扩大，补充阐明，类似独白。基本的框架搭建好了， 就可以排练表演了例句1She is a kind and easy-going girl with a good temper 主语 谓语 定语 宾

3、语 补语 so that a lot of classmates love her. 成果状语从句（classmates 配角）例句2：Jack happened meet Rose crying and standing at the verge of boat at the evening a few days ago ,he persuaded her and tried every means to save her. But it is funny that he was mistaken for a bad man who wanted to hurt Rose.Jack, Ros

4、e, boat， 人物， 舞台 均有了。 然后就是论述故事的情节。Meet Rose, 谓语，宾语， 几天前的傍晚 时间状语Crying and standing 补充阐明 Rose人物当时的特性， At the verge of boat, 地点At the evening a few days ago, 时间然后根据这个场景开始扩大事件， 描述。二 可做定语成分定语重要是修饰限定名词或者代词的， 一般能修饰名词或代词的词， 也都是形容词性特性的， 或者 时间 地点加以限定的 副词。重要是 形容词，形容词性物主代词， 数词， 不定式， 分词， 介词词组，句子，形容词 作定语She is a

5、beautiful girl.She is a kind girl.This is an interesting book.The tall boy is Jimmy.形容词性物主代词 作定语This is his bike. Whats your name please?Whose picture is it?This is my bag.数词作定语There are four apples on the table.We have four lessons in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。Hainan is the second largest island of Chi

6、na. 海南是中国的第二大岛。不定式作定语Do you have anything more to say? 你尚有什么要说的吗？There is nothing to say. 没什么要说的了。She give me some books to read. 她给了我几本书去读，（让我去读的书， 修饰限定名词books的）I have nothing to worry about. 我没什么好紧张的。 （紧张的是修饰事情的， 没什么让我紧张的事， 这里 to worry about 是作定语的）I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多要做的作业。（要做的 to

7、do 什么？ 要做的作业， 修饰限定名词 homework的）介词短语做定语Who is the old lady with a baby in her arms? 那个抱着小孩的妇女是谁？（抱着小孩的 妇女， 不是其她的人， 特指抱着小孩的， 修饰限定的，补语是补充阐明的， 阐明所修饰词的特性，更多的特点的， 不是限定的。I found him in trouble, 我发现她有麻烦了， 这里发现她，发现她怎么了？ 发现她有麻烦了， 对这个人，这件事的补充阐明论述， 补语补语 补充阐明主语或宾语的，为了使句子完整的， 去掉了就会觉得句子不完整，仿佛没说完， 因此当鉴定不了补语 还是 定语时，

8、 去掉这个词， 看看句子意思与否还是一种完整的意思）分词做定语分词往往跟所修饰的名词或代词， 意思上是动宾构造， 如果是积极就用目前分词， 是被动就用过去分词）Barking dog seldom bite. 会叫的狗很少咬人。Polluted air is harmful to peoples health. 被污染的空气对人们的健康有害。This is one of the houses built last year. 这是去年所建的房子其中一种。句子作定语She has found the necklace that she lost last year. 她找到了她去年丢失的项链。I

9、t happened at the time when I left the office. 当我要离开办公室的时候事情发生了。三可做补语的成分补语，就是补充阐明 主语和宾语的，分为 补语 和 宾语补语。 一般由 名词， 形容词，副词，不定式，目前分词，过去分词，介词短语，除了句子， 可以看出来大部分的词都可以做补语， 补语是合用范畴最广的， 尚有状语， 独立主格， 几乎 形容词， 副词， 不定式， 分词， 介词短语都可以做。这样记得话不容易混淆。有关主语补语的简介，人们比较凌乱， 可以看一下下方解释， 辅助辨别 主补和 表语。补语和表语本来从内容上来说一种意思，去辨别是没什么意义的。只是不同

10、的语法书上的不同提法。表语：是表述主语的特性、状态、身份等，位于动词之后。由名词或形容词担任。补语、补足主语和宾语意义的句子。表语也是主语补语中的一种，但是之因此称为表语，是它前面的谓语动词是is, are, am, keep, feel之类的系动词。如果谓语动词不是系动词，则称为主语补语。如下面的例子：I am a student. (a student是表语）The plane landed safe. （safe 就是主语的补足语）因此可以说表语是主语补语的一种特殊状况。重要看谓语动词。例如,He waked up frightened.frightened便是主语补足语,但我们无法称之

11、为表语主语补语He woke up frightened. 她惊恐的醒来。The plane landed safe. 飞机安全的降落。宾语补语形容词做补语What you said made Xiao Wang angry. 你说了什么让小王气愤的。I found the classroom empty. 我发现教室空荡荡的。When I ran to school , only to find the door locked. 当我跑到学校时，却发现校门锁了。We found this book interesting. 我们发现这本书挺有趣的。I want to baked it har

12、d.我想把它烘硬了。do you like your tea strong? 你要浓茶吗？I drank water hot. 我喝热水Dont let your cat loose. 不要让你的猫无拘无束。I wish you happy. 愿你快乐。Put these things straight. 把这些东西整顿好。Burn it black. 把它烧黑。He drove her mad. 她把她逼疯了。She could talk herself blue in the face, I still wouldnt believe her.虽然她讲的口干舌燥，我仍然不相信她。名词作补语

13、We elected him our monitor at the meeting.在会上我们选她作为班长。I name my dog Pit. 我叫我的狗pit。We made him our monitor . 我们让她做我们的班长。I found him a liar. 我发现她是一种骗子。爱说谎的人We think your brother a good person. 我们觉得你哥哥是一种好人。副词作补语。Please ask her in. 请让她进来。I found him out. 我发现她不在家，出去了。Please call the students back at onc

14、e. 立即让学生们回来。He was seen to take his cap off. 她被看见摘她的帽子。不定式做补语My father will not allow us to play on the street. 爸爸不会让我妈在街上玩耍的。We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信她是有罪的。I felt my hands tremble. 我感觉我的手抖了。 （感官动词，变化的动词， 使役动词后 接不带to的不定式）WeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.我们觉得汤姆是班上最佳的学生之一Wedidnt

15、expecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.人们觉得这本书没什么意思。介词短语作补语I found him in trouble. 我发现她遇到麻烦了。I dont want her in danger. 我不想让她处在危险之中。They found the machine in a good state. 她们发现这台机器运转良好。He is thought of as a good person. 她被觉得是一种好人。目前分词作补语。We hear her singin

16、g in the hall. 我们听见她正在大厅里唱歌。I found him lying in bed, sleeping. 我发现她躺在床上， 睡觉。She smelt something burning. 她闻到什么东西仿佛着火了。Tom was caught sleeping in class. Tom 被发目前课堂上睡觉。过去分词作补语He found his face reflected in the water. 她发现她的脸被倒映在水中。I heard it spoken of in the next room. 我听到隔壁房间说到了它。He managed to get it

17、 done on time. 她设法准时完毕。The door was left fastened. 门是锁着的。三 可做状语成分状语用来修饰动词，形容词，副词，句子等表达行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，因素，限度等。状语可以是一种句子、短语或者一种副词、一种形容词等等，用来修饰谓语动词。副词在英语里威力最大，除了可以修饰动词以外，还可以修饰形容词（Yao Ming is very tall.里的very修饰形容词）、修饰副词（He can speak English very well.里的very修饰副词well）。可作状语的有： 副词， 形容词， 分词， 不定式， 介词短语， 词组，

18、复合构造， 从句等。一般形容词 多表达随着状语目前分词，过去分词多表达 方式，因素状语。副词多表达限度状语介词短语类似于插入语，多表达时间方面的状语不定式多表达目的状语句子多为地点，时间，之类的，比较广泛。（一） 副词做状语，修饰动词，形容词，介词词组 或者整个句子。AHe lent a laptop just now. 她刚刚借了一台笔记本。可以有如下两种理解：1.（ just 副词 修饰 时间副词 now）2.固定用法：这里两个词组不能拆开，只是作为一种短语合用 例如：You were rude to say that to your father just now. just now不是

19、just修饰now的问题，而是一种固定用法，表达“刚刚”。个人觉得这两种理解都可以， 懂得这个用法就可以，会用就Ok.BI push the door very hard.在这个句子中very和hard都是副词.hard是修饰push这个动作的副词；而very则是修饰hard这个副词的副词.在这里注意 very hard 作为限度状语 作为一种整体修饰动词push，并不修饰整个句子。限度副词的特点限度副词用于表达限度，常用的有almost, fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, nearly, half, highly

20、, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。 C .does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so(限度副词) well(描述性副词)? 其她例句参照：Speak politely. 讲礼貌It is very nice of you. 你真是太好了。Read loudly. 大声读。The girl dances very well. 这个女孩跳舞跳得好。We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。He does his work very carefully.

21、她做工作非常仔细。I want to see the film very much. 我很想看这部电影。He angrily closed the door. 她气愤地把门关上了。He has just left for work. 她刚刚离开去上班。We have already read the book. 我们都已读过这本书。The number of watching Tv rises quickly.(quickly副词修饰动词rise)副词用来修饰动词时要放在动词的背面，如果动词带有宾语要放在宾语的背面He looked carefullyHe did his homework c

22、arefully副词修饰形容词副词时放在形容词副词时放在其前面She is very beautifulShe runs very fast个人觉得其实都可以，有时前有时后，大部分常用的是在其后。只但是所修饰的动词如果接有宾语的话，要放在宾语背面。例：He happily played a game.= He played a game happily.It is raining heavily.这里的heavily是副词修饰雨下的大Pretty soon the lilacs would be in bloom. 不久丁香就要开花了。介词词组可以被副词修饰,常用的是well, much:例如

23、This is well above the March average. 这远远高于3月份的平均水平。Whose boundaries go well beyond the European Union, 她们的边界远远超过了欧盟的范畴有某些副词可以修饰整个句子，阐明说话人的态度，称为 句子副词。Honestly, I think youre a little prejudiced. 说真的，我感觉你有点偏见。Luckily, she were in when I called. 幸好我去时她在家。Curiously enough, he had never seen the little

24、girl. 说也奇怪， 她从未见过那小女孩。Most likely, hes gone to bed. 很也许她已经睡了。What he says is true, possibly. 她的话也许是真的。（二）介词短语作状语，一般修饰整个句子，表达时间，说话人态度等At present about 38% of the Chinese population smoke. 目前中国大概有38% 的人吸烟。To his surprise, she criticized him instead of praising him. 使她吃惊的是，她不仅没有表扬她反而批判了她。Ill be back in

25、 two hours.我两小时后赶回来。She was born in 1990. 她是1990年出生的。（三）不定式作状语不定式常可作状语来表达目的（a）、 成果（b）、限度（c）、因素（d）等。也可以用来修饰整个句子，可称为 句子状语。a. To search for gold, many people went to California. 为了找金子，许多人都去了加利福尼亚。We can send a car over to fetch you.我们可以派车去接你。b. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.她们搬起石

26、头砸了自己的脚。He hurried to the place only to find the house empty.她赶到那里只发现房子里空无一人。c. it was too late to do anything now.目前做什么都已为时太晚。We are fortunate enough to get an empty car.我们很幸运，找到了一辆空车。Youre far too clever to have done that.你很聪颖，不会做出这种事的。d. what has happened to make you so sad?出了什么事让你这样伤心Im glad to

27、see you here.在这里见到你真开心。She shuddered to think of it.想到这事她不寒而栗。不定式也可以用来修饰整个句子，可称为 句子状语。To be frank, your English is not flawless. 坦率地说，你的英语不是完美无瑕的。To be honest, I dont quite agree with you.说诚实话， 我不完全批准你的一件。To tell you the truth, I hate to do it.说真的，我不肯这样做。You are wrong about the facts to begin with.

28、一方面你把事实都弄错了。（四）形容词作状语形容词有时也可做状语， 常和句子的谓语用逗号隔开：He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.她在风雪中过了七天，又冷又饿。Tired and hungry, he arrived home.她到家了，又累又饿。Afraid of the dogs, she entered by the back door.由于胆怯狗，她从后门进去了。She went back to Boston, eager to see her Children.她回到波斯顿，急于见她的孩子。Helpless

29、, I decided to give up the job.我无可奈何，决定辞去这份工作。有时形容词也可和动词一起用，中间不加逗号。He stood helpless, not knowing what to do. 她无可奈何的站着，不知如何是好。He sat motionless. 她一动不动的坐着。Dont throw that plastic bag away, it may come in handy.别把那塑料袋扔掉，她也许会有用处。（五）分词（短语）作状语1. 目前分词（短语）也常可用作状语， 一般有逗号把它和主谓分开，可以表达随着状况（a）因素（b）、时间（c）等a. Ope

30、ning the drawer, he took out a book. 她打开抽屉，拿出一本书。Taking off our shoes, we crept cautiously along the passage.脱掉了鞋，我们小心翼翼地沿着通道爬行。He lay still, staring blankly at the ceiling.她静静地躺着， 茫然地望着天花板。She went out of the room, taking the flowers with her.她带着那些花走出屋去。Lena shook her head, smiling.丽娜笑着摇了摇头。 b. Bei

31、ng poor himself, he couldnt help us.她自己就很穷， 没有力量协助我们。Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.由于不懂得她的地址，我们无法和她联系。Feeling rather tired, she went to bed.由于感到相称疲劳，她就睡觉了。c. Hearing the news, they decided to act.听到这消息，她们决定采用行动。Seeing this, she became rather worried.看到这状况，她很有些发愁。Walking t

32、hrough the park, we saw a fine flower show.我们从公园穿过时看到一种美丽的花卉展。分词有时用完毕形式（a），有时有自己的逻辑主语（b）a. Having been there once, he knew the place fairly well.由于去过那里一次，她很熟悉这地方。Not having received instructions, he didnt know what to do.由于没收到批示，她不懂得该怎么办。b. The day being fine, we decided to have a picnic by the lake

33、.天气较好， 我们决定到湖边野餐。There being nothing else to discuss, he declared the meeting closed.由于没有别的事要讨论， 她宣布闭会。Weather permitting, well go on a tour of the lake district next week.如果天气容许，我们下星期将去游览湖区。有些分词常和某些动词连用， 中间不加逗号。I have spent all day looking for you.我花了一成天时间找你。She always ready to go skating. 她向来爱去溜冰。

34、I lay tossing half the night.我翻来覆去半夜没睡着。2.用过去分词做状语的时候也不少，可以表达随着状况（a）因素（b）、时间（c）等He entered, accompanied by his secretary.她由秘书陪着走了进来。A woman came in, followed by her daughter.一种妇女走了进来，背面跟着她的女儿。Moved by his speech, many people volunteered to help in the work.受她发言的感动， 许多人自愿参与这项工作。Taken in time, the med

35、icine will be quite effective.如果及时服用，这药是相称有效的。I stand prepared to dispute it.我准备对此提出异议。（六）此外，词组，复合构造，从句 也可作状语Ill stay here another five months. (词组作状语)He entered the room, his nose red with cold.(复合构造作状语)He asked me to stay where I was.(从句做状语)可做表语的成分主语+系动词+形容词She felt a bit dizzy. 她感到有点头晕。The dish s

36、mells good.这盘菜闻起来不错She remained comparatively calm.她保持相对镇定。Gradually he became silent. 慢慢地她安静了下来。Those chocolates smell tempting.那些巧克力闻起来很诱人。He felt troubled and distressed. 她感到很烦恼痛苦。She didnt look convinced. 她显得不太信服。主语+系动词+名词（代词）That girl was my fiance. 那女孩是我的未婚妻。We can remain friends. 我们可以继续做朋友。I

37、still stand your friend. 我仍然是你的朋友。His dream has at last become a reality. 她的梦想终于成为现实。主语+系动词+副词If Helen in? 海伦在家吗？I have been out for a walk. 我出去散步了。But Ive got to be off now. 但是我目前得走了。Ill see if he is around. 我会留意她在不在附近。She had been away on a long trip. 她出远门去了。主语+系动词+介词短语大部分介词都可引导短语做表语。I want to con

38、sult you. Its about my boy.我来向你请教，是有关我儿子的事。The bus stop is just across the road.公共汽车站就在马路对面。Its against your conscience, but you still want to do it.这是违背你的良心的，但你还是想这样做。主语+系动词+不定式His plan is to keep the affair secret.她的筹划是将此事保密。Your job is to make sure that the work is finished on time.你的任务是保证准时完毕这项工

39、作。My duty is to get you away, to save you. 我的职责是带你离开，把你救出来。主语+系动词+动名词Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。My job is repairing cars. 我的工作是修车。Their favorite pastime is playing chess.她们最喜欢的消遣是下棋。主语+系动词+从句Their first idea was that he had hidden it. 她们一方面想到的是把它藏起来。My opinion is that the plan wont work

40、.我的意见是这个筹划行不通。主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语She was afraid of snakes. 她怕蛇We are short of funds. 我们缺少资金。She is fond of this country. 她喜欢这个国家。主语+系动词+形容词+不定式Im glad to have the opportunity of talking to you.我不久乐有机会和你交谈。Im happy to meet you.我不久乐见到你。They are all willing to help.她们都乐意帮忙。主语+系动词+形容词+从句Im afraid there is some sort of misunderstanding.恐怕有误会的地方。Im sure he meant well. 我肯定她是好意。Were not clear yet what theyre up to.我们还不清晰她们想干什么。