历年大学六级真题范文

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1、2003年9月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案Part Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is followed by some questions at unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corres

2、ponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victims family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1

3、987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sole sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post. These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which

4、 may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair. The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authoritythe responsibility is still

5、theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independ

6、ently run subsidiary.” Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in o

7、ther ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business. Harvard Business School professor Geo

8、rge Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility

9、, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the Japanese sense of responsibility, If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character

10、. 21. Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987? A) In Japan, the leakage of a slate secret to Russians is a grave came. B) He had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates. C) In Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistak

11、e made by its subsidiaries. D) He had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation. 22. According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to _. A) apologize promptly for your subordinates mistakes B) be skillful in accepting blame

12、s from customers C) make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary D) create a strong sense of company loyalty 23. Whats Professor George Lodges attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders? A) Sympathetic C) Critical B) Biased. D) Approving. 24. Which of the following statements is

13、TRUE? A) Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985. B) American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable. C) School principals bear legal responsibility for students crimes. D) Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesnt help solve corporate crises. 25. The passage

14、 is mainly about _. A) resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crises B) the importance of delegating responsibility to employees C) ways of evading responsibility in times of crises D) the difference between two business cultures Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the foll

15、owing passage. As machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has become better as the century has grown older. The main problem is its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by everyone of something tha

16、t would be fairly harmless if, say, only the rich were to use it. It is a price we pay for equality. Before becoming too gloomy, it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 yearsand remains so. The story begins with the env

17、ironmental improvement it brought in the 1900s. In New York city in 1900, according to the Car Culture. A 1975 book by J. Flink, a historian, horses deposited 2.5 millioo pounds of manure(粪)and 60,000 gallons of urine (尿) every day. Every year, the city authorities had to remove an average of 15,000

18、 dead horses from the streets, It made cars smell of roses. Cars were also wonderfully flexible. The main earlier solution to horse pollution and traffic jams was the electric trolley bus (电车). But that required fixed overhead wires, and rails and platforms, which were expensive, ugly, and inflexibl

19、e, The car could go from any A to any B, and allowed towns to develop in all directions with low-density housing, rather than just being concentrated along the trolley or rail lines. Rural areas benefited too, for they became less remote. However, since pollution became a concern in the 1950s, exper

20、ts have predictedwronglythat the car boom was about to end. In his book Mr. Flink argued that by 1973 the American market had become saturated, at one car for every 2.25 people, and so had the markets of Japan and Western Europe (because of land shortages). Environmental worries and diminishing oil

21、reserves would prohibit mass car use anywhere else. He was wrong, Between 1970 and 1990, whereas Americas population grew by 23%, the aumber of cars on its roads grew by 60%, There is now one car for every 1.7 people there, one for every 2.1 in Japan, one for every 5.3 in Britain. Around 550 million

22、 cars are already on the roads, not to mention all the trucks and mocorcyeles, and about 50 million new ones are made each year worldwide. Will it go on? Undoubtedly, because people want it to. 26. As is given in the first paragraph, the reason why the car has become a problem is that _. A) poor peo

23、ple cant afford it B) it is too expensive to maintain C) too many people are using it D) it causes too many road accidents 27. According to the passage, the car started to gain popularity because _. A) it didnt break down as easily as a horse B) it had a comparatively pleasant odor C) it caused less

24、 pollution than horses D) it brightened up the gloomy streets 28. What impact did the use of cars have on society? A) People were compelled to leave downtown areas. B) People were able to live in less crowded suburban areas. C) Business along trolley and rail lines slackened. D) City streets were fr

25、ee of ugly overhead wires. 29. Mr.Flink argued in his book that cars would not be widely used in other countries because _. A) the once booming car market has become saturated B) traffic jams in those countries are getting more and more serious C) expensive motorways are not available in less develo

26、ped countries D) people worry about pollution and the diminishing oil resources 30. Whats wrong with Mr.Flinks prediction? A) The use of automobiles has kept increasing worldwide. B) New generations of cars are virtually pollution free. C) The population of America has not increased as fast. D) Peop

27、les environmental concerns are constantly increasing. Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomforuble and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is

28、likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of t

29、ears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive. Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotiomal tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responset, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more

30、 functions that enhance survival. Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to clicit assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain att

31、ention, So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves. Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two importa

32、nt chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to cmotion. Tears shed because of exposure to =cut onion would contain no such substance. Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing h

33、uman ills and monitoring drugs. At Tulane Universitys Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication(药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes o

34、f “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants. At Columbia University Dt.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading

35、the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses. 31. It is known from the first paragraph that _. A) shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American B) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy C) crying usually wins sympathy from other people D) one

36、 who sheds tears in public will be blamed 32. What does “both those responses to tears”(Line 6, Para, 1) refer to? A) Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness. B) The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers. C) The tear shedders apology and the observers effort to stop t

37、he crying. D) Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears. 33. “Counterproductive” (Lines 6-7, Para,1) very probably means “_”. A) having no effect at all B) leading to tension C) producing disastrous impact D) harmful to health 34. What does the author say about crying

38、? A) It is a pointless physiological response to the environment. B) It must have a role to play in mans survival. C) It is meant to get attention and assistance. D) It usually produces the desired effect. 35. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears? A) Emotional tears have the function o

39、f reducing stress. B) Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears. C) Emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some cases. D) Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears. Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. It is

40、 no secret among athletes that in order to improve performance youve got to work hard. However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker, It is rest that makes you stronger. Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hard training. This adaptation is accomplished by improving

41、 efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells. During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate for the stress that you have applied. The result is that you are now at a higher level of performance. If sufficient rest is not included in a training pr

42、ogram, imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline. The “overtraining syndrome(综合症)” is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. It is marked by cumu

43、lative exhaustion that persists even after recovery periods. The most common symptom is fatigue. This may limit workouts and may be present at rest. The athlete may also become moody, easily imitated, have altered sleep patterns, become depressed, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for th

44、e sport, Some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms include persistent muscular soreness, increased frequency of viral (病毒性的) illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries. The treatment for the overtraining syndrome is rest. The longer the overtraining has occurred, the

45、 more rest required, Therefore, early detection is very important, If the overtraining has only occurred for a short period of time (e.g. 3-4 weeks) then interrupting training for 3-5 days is usually sufficient rest. It is important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and correc

46、ted. Otherwise, the overtraining syndrome is likely to recur. The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled off or decreased. It is important to exclude any underlying illness that may be responsible for th

47、e fatigue. 36. The first paragraph of the passage tells us that _. A) the harder an athlete trains, the better his performance will be B) rest after vigorous training improves an athletes performance C) strict systematic training is essential to an athletes top performance D) improvement of an athle

48、tes performance occurs in the course of training 37. By “overtraining” the author means _. A) a series of physical symptoms that occur after training B) undue emphasis on the importance of physical exertion C) training that is not adequately compensated for by rest D) training that has exceeded an a

49、thletes emotional limits 38. What does the passage tell us about the “overtraining” syndrome? A) It occurs when athletes lose interest in sports. B) It appears right after a hard training session. C) The fatigue it results in is unavoidable in the athletes training process. C) It manifests itself in

50、 fatigue which lingers even after a recovery period. 39. What does the phrase “level off” (Line 7, Para,4)most probably mean? A) Slow down. B) Become dull. C) Stop improving. D) Be on the decline. 40. The author advises at the end of the passage that _. A) overtraining syndrome should be treated as

51、a serious illness B) overtraining syndrome should be prevented before it occurs C) an athlete with overtraining syndrome should take a lengthy rest D) illness causing fatigue should not be mistaken for overtraining syndrome Part Vocabulary(20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences it

52、: this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose cite ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 41. These were stubborn men. not easily _to change their mind. A) til

53、tedC) persuaded B) converted D) suppressed 41-45 CBDCD 46-50 DBCBA 51-55 DABDA 56-60 BCABD 61-65 ADBAC 66-70 DCCAB 42. The circus has always been very, popular because it _both the old and the young. A) facilitates C) immerses B) fascinates D) indulges 43. By patient questioning the lawyer managed t

54、o _enough information from the witnesses. A) evacuateC) impart B) withdrawD) elicit 44. George enjoys talking about peoples private affairs. He is a _. 41-45 CBDCD 46-50 DBCBA 51-55 DABDA 56-60 BCABD 61-65 ADBAC 66-70 DCCAB A) solicitor C) gossip B) cowardD) rebel 45. The new secretary has written a

55、 remarkably _report within a few hundred words but with all the important details included. A) conciseC) precise B) briskD) elaborate 46. His face _as he came in after running all the way from school. A) flared C) fluttered B) fluctuatedD) flushed 47. Steel is not as _ as cast iron; it does not brea

56、k as easily. A) elasticC) adaptable B) brittle D) flexible 48. A big problem in lemming English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for _interaction with proficient speakers of English. A) instantaneousC) verbal B) provocativeD) dual 49. Within ten years they have tamed the _hill into gre

57、en woods. A) vacant C) weird B) barren D) wasteful 50. The _of our trip to London was the visit to Buckingham Palace. A) summit C) peak B) heightD) highlight 51. Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but in fact he was a(n) _. A) alien C) counterpart B) client.D) fraud 41-45 CB

58、DCD 46-50 DBCBA 51-55 DABDA 56-60 BCABD 61-65 ADBAC 66-70 DCCAB 52. We dont _any difficulties in completing the project so long as we keep within our budget. A) foresee C) infer B) fabricateD) inhibit 53. He is looking for a job that will give him greater _for career development. A) insight C) momen

59、tum B) scopeD) phase 54. The high school my daughter studies in is _our university. A) linked byC) mingled with B) relevant to D) affiliated with 55. The Browns lived in a _and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs. A) spacious C) wide B) sufficientD) wretched 56. A membership card _the holder

60、to use the clubs facilities for a period of twelve months. A) approves C) rectifies B) authorizes D) endows 57. They have done away with _Latin for university entrance at Harvard. A) influentialC) compulsory B) indispensableD) essential 58. It is no _that a large number of violent crimes are committ

61、ed under the influence of alcohol. A) coincidence C) inspiration B) correspondenceD) intuition 59. Ones university days often appear happier in _than they actually were at the time. A) retention C) return B) retrospectD) revere 41-45 CBDCD 46-50 DBCBA 51-55 DABDA 56-60 BCABD 61-65 ADBAC 66-70 DCCAB 60. She _through the pages of a magazine, not really concentrating on them. A) tumbledC) switched B) tossedD) flipped 61. Scientists are pushing known technologies to their limits in an attempt to _more energy from the earth. A) extractC) discharge B) inject D) drain