2022年北师课改版初二年级英语第三单元知识点

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1、1 一语法：形容词副词的比较级和最高级:一）形容词和副词的比较级1.概念：形容词和副词的比较级用于两者（人或事物）之间的比较，意为“更.”,说明“前者比后者更.”.2.构成：1）规则变化：(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在词尾加-er。calm calmer smartsmarter fastfaster(2)以不发音的字母 e 结尾的形容词和副词，在词尾直接加-r。nice nicer finefiner latelater(3)以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的形容词和副词，双写该辅音字母，再加-er。big bigger thinthinner hothotter(4)以“辅音字母+

2、y 结尾的”，把“y”变为“i”，再加“-er”。early earlier happyhappier easyeasier(5)多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词在原级前加more。popular more popular difficultlymore difficultly(6)由“动词+后缀-ing/-ed”构成的形容词，在词尾前加more。interestingmore interesting boredmore bored(7)由“形容词+后缀-ly”构成的副词，在该副词前加more构成比较级。slowly more slowly happilymore happily 记忆口诀：比较

3、级，要变化，一般词尾加er。词尾若有哑音 e，直接加 r 就可以。单辅重读闭音节，末尾字母要双写。辅音字母若加 y，记得把 y 变成 i.精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 1 页，共 21 页2 形副音节 123，比较等级 more在前。2）不规则变化：good/well better bad/ill/badlyworse many/much more littleless far farther(更远的)/further（进一步）old older（作表语）/elder（作定语）This is my elder brother.He is older.3.用法：（1）用于两者之间的比较，表示

4、两者之间的差异。构成：主语+谓语+形容词或副词的比较级+than+比较对象They have more apples than us.（2)比较级+and+比较级more and more+原级（多音节或者部分双音节形容词和副词）意为“越来越.”Our city is becoming cleaner and cleaner.Tom is walking more and more slowly.（3)the+比较级，the+比较级意为“越.，就越.”.The more you read,the more you know.（4)as.as.意为“与.一样.”,否定形式 not as/so.a

5、s,意为“不如.,与.不一样”也是一种表示比较级的形式，但as 与 as 之间用形容词或副词的原级。This room is not as/so big as that one.=This room is smaller than that one.（5)形容词的比较级用于.of the two.的结构中，比较级前要加定冠词the.精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 2 页，共 21 页3 He is the more athletic of the two boys.（6)比较级前可使用 even,much,rather,far,a little,a bit,a lot等形容词或副词短语进行修

6、饰，表示程度。（四个很多）This trip is even more difficult.I am a little heavier than Lucy.二）形容词和副词的最高级：1.概念：形容词和副词的最高级用于三者或者三者以上的人或事之间的比较。在表示最高程度，即其中一个在某方面“最.”时使用。2.构成：1)规则变化：(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在词尾加-est。long longest clevercleverest fastfastest(2)以不发音的字母 e 结尾的形容词和副词，在词尾直接加-st。nice nicest cutecutest latelatest(3)

7、以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节形容词和副词，双写该辅音字母，再加-est。big biggest thinthinnest hothottest(4)以“辅音字母+y 结尾的”，把“y”变为“i”，再加“-est”。early earliest happyhappiest easyeasiest(5)多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词在原级前加most。popular most popular difficultlymost difficultly(6)由“动词+后缀-ing/-ed”构成的形容词，在词尾前加most。interestingmost interesting boredmost bo

8、red(7)由“形容词+后缀-ly”构成的副词，在该副词前加most 构成比较级。slowly most slowly happilymost happily 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 3 页，共 21 页4 2)不规则变化：good/well best bad/ill/badlyworst many/much most littleleast far farthest/furthest oldoldest/eldest 3.用法：（1）注意：A.最高级前一般要加定冠词the，副词最高级前的定冠词通常省略。B句子中常含有表示比较范围的介词of 或 in.of+表示一群人或事物的名词或代

9、词 in+表示单位或场所的名称 Bill is the tallest boy of us.Jane has the most friends in our class.(2)在表达“第几（大，长，远.）”时，序数次后用形容词的最高级形式。He is the first tallest boy in his class.(3)在表达“最.的.之一”时，用最高级，结构：one of the+形容词的最高级+可数名词复数Beijing is one of the biggest cities in our country.(4)在表达“某人的最.的.”时，最高级前省略定冠词the，构成：某人的+形

10、容词的最高级+名词 Linda is my younger sisters best friend.练习：1.写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：long_ _ wide_ _ fat_ _ heavy_ _ slow_ brightly_ _ 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 4 页，共 21 页5 far_ _ few_ _ quickly_ _ well_ _ exciting_ _ old_ _ interested_ _ many/much_ _ 2.用所给词的正确形式填空：1.Bob is _(young)than Fred but _(tall)than Fred.2.Yi

11、ng Tian is not as _(tall)as Yong Xian.3.Which is _ (heavy),a hen or a chicken?4.-How _(tall)is Sally?-She s 1.55 meters _ (tall).What about Xiaoling?-She s only 1.40 meters _(tall).She is much _(short)than Sally.She is also the _(short)girl in the class.5.He is _(bad)at learning maths.He is much _(b

12、ad)at Chinese and he is the _(bad)at English.6.Annie says Sally is the _(kind)person in the world.7.He is one of the_(friendly)people in the class,I think.8.An orange is a little _(big)than an apple,but much _(small)than a watermelon.9.Saturday is my _(busy)day in a week.10.Her mother is getting _(f

13、at)and _(fat).3.选择填空：1.This box is_ that one.A.heavy than B.so heavy than C.heavier as D.as heavy as 2.When we speak to people,we should be _.精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 5 页，共 21 页6 A.as polite as possible B.as polite as possibly C.as politely as possible D.as politely as possibly 3.This book is_ that one,but_

14、 than that one.A.as difficult as;expensive B.as more difficult as;more expensive C.as difficult as;more expensive D.more difficult as;as expensive 4.It was very hot yesterday,but it is_ today.A.even hotter B.more hotter C.much more hot D.much hot 5.The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it.A.much

15、 B.little C.expensive D.cheap 6.His father is_ than his mother.;A.older four years B.as four years older C.four years older D.bigger four years 7.When spring comes,it gets_.A.warm and warm B.colder and colder C.warmer and warmer D.shorter and shorter 8.At last he began to cry _.A.hard and hard B.mor

16、e hard and more hard C.harder and harder D.less hard and less harder 9._ I look at the picture,_ I like it.A.The best;the more B.The more;the less C.The more;less D.More;the more 10._ you come back,_ it will be.A.The quicker;the best B.The sooner;the better C.Faster;the better D.The sooner;better 精选

17、学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 6 页，共 21 页7 11.I like_ one of the two books.A.the older B.oldest C.the oldest D.older 12.Which is_ country,China or Japan?A.the large B.the larger C.larger D.largest 13.This work is _ for me than for you.A.difficult B.most difficult C.much difficult D.more difficult 14.The Changjiang

18、River is one of _ in the world.A.the longest river B.longest rivers C.the longest rivers D.longer rivers 15.My moon cake is nicer _ his.A.like B.with C.for D.than 16.He jumps the _ of the three.A.far B.further C.farthest D.furthest 17.My hair is longer than _ .A.my sister B.Kate C.my brothersD.Lucys

19、 18.Tom speaks Chinese _ better than Jimmy.A.more B.very C.a lot of D.much 19.Mother is _ in my family.A.busy B.busier C.the busiest D.more busy 20.Who listens_,Tom,Jack or Bill?A.the most carefully B.more carefully C.the most careful D.more careful 二.句型：1）用于提问对人或事物的看法。精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 7 页，共 21 页8（1

20、）句型：What.think of.?How.like.?均翻译为“.认为.怎么样？”How.feel about.?(2)eg.What do you think of the weather in Beijing?How do you like the weather in Beijing?How do you feel about the weather in Beijing?(3)回答：肯定：I love it./I like it.否定：I don t like it./I cant stand it.练习：1.-What do you _ your hometown?-I love

21、 it very much.A.look at B.talk about C.think of D.like 2.-How do you like the movie?-_.A.I love it B.What about you C.No,I dont like it D.Yes,I like it 3.What do you think of the game show?(改为同义句)_._.4 你认为我们的校规和班规怎么样？（兰州中考）_ do you_ _ our school rules and class rules?2)用来提问对方某动作或话语的意图:(1)句型：精选学习资料 -

22、名师归纳总结-第 8 页，共 21 页9 What do/does.mean.by.?What does.mean?What is the meaning of.?(2)Eg.What does the word“fast”mean?What do you mean by the word“fast”?Whats the meaning of“fast”?(3)注：by 后面加名词，代词或动名词。练习：1.What do you mean_ shaking your head?A.in B.by C.of D.from 2.Whats the _ of“OK”?A.meaning B.mean

23、 C.idea D.view 3.What does the sentence“No Smoking”mean?(改为同义句).3)so+连系动词 be/助动词/情态动词+主语意为“.也是.”(1)肯定的倒装句,前后两个句子的主语指不同的人或物，表示主语所做的动作与前面句子的动作一致。Peter is interested in English.So am I.(2)否定的倒装句。Neither+连系动词 be/助动词/情态动词+主语意为“.也不.”-Peter cant speak English.Neither can I.(3)so+主语+连系动词 be/助动词/情态动词意为“.的确/确

24、实.”表肯定的结构，用于对前句的主语和动作进行重复强调。精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 9 页，共 21 页10-He is good at English.-So he is.练习：1.He went abroad,so_ I.A.did B.do C.am D.does 2.-its burning hot today,isnt it?-Yes._ yesterday.A.So was it B.So it was C.So it is D.So is it 3.-I told you not to forget the homework.-_.A.So you did B.So I d

25、o not C.So did you D.So do I 4.He doesn t like eating apple,_ do I.A.so B.but C.neither D.nor4)用来提问天气的句型：Whats the weather like？=How is the weather?回答：It is+表示天气状况的形容词。-What s the weather like?-Its sunny.练习：Whats the weather like?(改成同义句)_.三词类辨析：1.large,big 与 great 的区别：精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 10 页，共 21 页11(

26、1)large侧重于面积，体积，容积和数量等，比较正式，不常用来指人。表示物时，可与 big 通用。Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China.(2)big 可以指范围，面积，体积，重量等。使用广泛，常用于口语。反义词为 small.There is a big tree in front of the house.(3)great 侧重形容抽象化的东西，常带有主观色彩，可以修饰人或物。指人时，意为“伟大的；杰出的”。China is a great country with a long history.练习：1.The coat doesn

27、t fit me.Its too _.A.large B.big C.huge D.great 2.He is _ enough to go out without his parents.A.large B.big C.huge D.great 3.He is one of the _ poets today.A.large B.big C.huge D.great pare.to与 compare.with的区别:(1)compare.to 把.比作.(常表示异类相比，比喻)We often compare the children to flowers.(2)compare.with.把

28、.同.作比较（常表示同类相比，比较）He compared his camera with mine.练习：用 to 或 with 填空：1.We compare books_ friends.精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 11 页，共 21 页12 2.If your compare British football_ American football,youll find many differences.3.Compared _ many women,she was really very lucky.3.voice,sound与 noise 的区别：(1)voice “嗓音，说话

29、声”指口中发出的声音或人的噪音“I dont think so,”she said in a low voice.(2)sound “声音，响声”指自然界的各种声音(人和物)All she could hear was the sound of the waves.(3)noise “噪音，响声”指不和谐的声音 Try not to make so much noise.练习：用 voice,sound 和 noise填空：1.At midnight he heard a strange _.2.Dont make any_.3.Light travels much faster than _

30、.4.She said“no”in a low _.5.The girl has a beautiful _.4.带有 end的短语区别：(1)at the end of “在.尽头”反义词：at the beginning of “在.开头”At the end of the road,you will find the restaurant.(2)by the end of “到.末为止”常用于一般将来时和过去完成时By the end of last century,the population of our city had reached one million.(3)in the

31、end “最后”常用于一般过去时精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 12 页，共 21 页13 in the end=at last=finally In the end,he decided to send the sick children to hospital.练习：in the end,at the end of,by the end of填空：1.There is a book store _ the street.2.Tom passed the exam_.3.There will be 500 students in our school _ 2015.5.spend,pay,

32、take 与 cost 区别：(1)spend 主语是人花费对象为时间/金钱 spend time/money doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事 spend time/money on sth.在某事/某物上花费时间/金钱 spend time with sb.同某人一起度过时间My mother spent the whole morning doing housework.(2)pay 主语是人花费对象为金钱 pay money for sth.How much did you pay for this dictionary?(3)take 主语是 it 花费对象为时间 it ta

33、kes sb.some time to so sth.It took me half an hour to work home just now.(4)cost 主语是物 cost sb.some money I didn t get it because it cost too much.练习：1.-Do you often get online?-Yes.I _ lots of time on it.Its a good way to kill time.A.cost B.spend C.take D.use 2.It _ me 15minutes to do to school by b

34、ike.A.cost B.spend C.takes D.pay 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 13 页，共 21 页14 3.My brother spent five hours _ his homework.A.doing B.to do C.did D.do 4.The sweater_ my mother 100 yuan.A.cost B.spent C.took D.used 5.How much did you _ the shoes?A.pay for B.cost C.spend D.take 6.a few,few,a little 与 little的区别：意义功能修

35、身可数名词复数修饰不可数名词否定（有些；有几个）a few a little 否定（几乎没有）few little There are a few eggs in the fridge,so I neednt buy any at once.There are few eggs in the fridge,so I must buy some.I can only speak a little French.Theres little rice in the bowl.口诀：few,little 有异同，可数或不可数要记清，其前有“a”表肯定，其前无“a”表否定。练习：用 a few,few,

36、a little 与 little填空：1.I like_ in my sugar.2.There are _ students eating lunch now.3.A_ people were waiting for the bus.4.You have to hurry to school.There is _ time left.5.He wanted to drink _ orange juice.7.arrive,get与 reach 的区别：(1)arrive 不及物动词之后通常接介词 in(较大的地方)或 at(较小的地方)。精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 14 页，共 21

37、 页15 We arrived at the station five minute late.They will arrive in Paris next week.(2)get 不及物动词之后通常接介词to.When we got to the park,it began to rain.(3)reach 及物动词之后直接加地点作宾语。He reached Shanghai yesterday.(4)注：arrive，get 不可直接加宾语，但是可以接here,there,home等副词。练习：1.When he arrived_ the station,the train had lef

38、t.A.at B.to C.in D./2.Last night he _ home at _ 12.A.got,behind B.got,around C.got to,behind D.arrived at,nearly 3.Jim and Kate are_ their hometown tomorrow.A.getting to B.getting C.arriving D.reaching to 4.He will arrive _ New York tomorrow.8.so 与 much的区别：(1)so 副词修饰形容词和副词原级 I am so happy to hear fr

39、om you.与 many,much,few 或 little连用修饰名词。So many people here!It s too crowded.(2)such 形容词such a/an+单数名词 such a person such a/an+形容词+单数名词 such a kind girl such+不可数名词/复数名词 such weather/mistakes such+形容词+不可数名词/名词复数 such exciting news such tall buildings 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 15 页，共 21 页16 练习：1.A：He left in _ a

40、 hurry that he forgot to lock the door.B：He left _ hurriedly that he forgot to lock the door.2.A：There are _ many people in the street that we couldnt move on.B：There are _ a lot of people in the street that we couldn t move on.3.They made_ much noise that our teacher got very angry.4.Have you seen_

41、 an interesting film?9.no one 与 none 的区别：(1)no one “没有人”指代人 no one=nobody 它做主语时谓语用第三人称单数，后面不接of 短语；常用于回答 who引导的疑问句 -Who went to the net bay yesterday evening?-No one.(2)none “没有人，没有东西”它做主语时谓语根据其后名词单复情况保持一致，后可接of 短语；常用于回答 how many/how much引导的疑问句。-How many students in your class are American?-None of

42、them is/are.练习：1.-Who is in the classroom now?-_.A.No one B.None C.Nothing D.Neither 2.-How many story books do you have?-_.精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 16 页，共 21 页17 A.No one B.None C.Nothing D.Neither 10.take place与 happen的区别：(1)take place “发生，举行”指根据安排或计划的发生。The English party will take place on Friday evening

43、.(2)happen “发生”指不可预见的，偶然事件的发生。An accident happened to him last week.练习：1.The Olympic Games of 2016 will_ in Brazil.A.take after B.take off C.take place D.take away 2.When will the wedding _?A.takes place B.took place C.taken place D.happened 3.We haven t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you s

44、uppose _to her?A.was happening B.to happen C.has taken place D.has happened 11.expensive 与 high,cheap与 low.(1)expensive 和 cheap 用来形容物品的价格贵贱。I cant afford it.Its too expensive.(2)high和 low 用来形容物品价格高低。The price of the apples is high now.口诀：物品分贵贱(expensive/cheap)，价格有高低。(high/low)练习：1.I think the sweate

45、r is too_.I dont have enough money to buy it.A.expensive B.high C.cheap D.low 2.It is said that the price of the books is_ now.Lets buy some together.A.expensive B.high C.cheap D.low 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 17 页，共 21 页18 四单词讲解：1.hard(adj.)“难的”Its hard to say when to start.“坚硬的”They played this game on the

46、hard wooden floor.(adv.)“努力地，大量地”You must study harder.2.during(介词)“在.期间；在.时候”多与一段时间搭配during one s life 在某人的一生当中 I will spend several days with my grandpa during the summer holiday.练习：Welcome to our hotel!I hope youll have a good time _ your stay here.A.after B.during C.with D.since 3.explorer(n.)“探

47、险者”(v.)“探险，考察”Being an explorer is difficult for a disabled boy.They explored the area on foot.4.visit (vt.)“参观，看望 She went to visit her friend yesterday.(n.)“参观，访问”pay a visit to “去.参观”Its my first visit to New York.Visitor(n.)“参观者，游客”Many visitors are taking photos.5.prepare(vi.)“使做好准备；把.准备好”prepa

48、re for“为.做准备”(vt.)“准备”后接名词或代词做宾语Mr.Chen is preparing the lessons.preparation(n.)“准备，准备工作”I cant go to the movies with you because I have to prepare for an exam.精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 18 页，共 21 页19 6.dangerous（adj.）“危险的”反义词：safe Its dangerous to go out alone at night.danger (n.)“危险”反义词：safety in danger “处于

49、危险中，濒危的”Everyone knows the dangers of smoking.We should try our best to protect the animals in danger.7.success (n.)“成功，胜利”The film was a great success.successful(adj.)“成功的”His experiment is greatly successful.succeed (v.)“成功，达到”succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”He succeed in passing the entrance examinat

50、ion.练习：1.Don t give up.You know hard work leads to _.2.He finally succeed in_ the experiment.A.finish B.finishing C.finished D.to finish 8.weigh (v.)“重，称.的重量”The girl weighs 45kilos.weight (n.)“重量”She is trying to lose weight.9.million (数词)“百万”(1)million 前有具体数字时，不管其后是否有of,都是用单数形式。Several million of

51、the people are watching the football.(2)million单独与 of 连用时，应使用millions of,意为“数百万的”。The old man raised millions of dollars for charity.练习：1.There are about five_ people in our city.A.millions B.million C.millions of D.million of 精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 19 页，共 21 页20 2._ visitors will come to here every year.

52、A.millions B.million C.millions of D.million of 10.unlike(介词)“不像，与.不同”指外表或性质上的不同。反义词：like Unlike his father,he is outgoing and creative.dislike(v.)“不喜欢”后接名词，代词或动名词。反义词：like I dislike history.Its too boring.五固定短语：be good at=do well in 在.方面做得好，擅长be good for 对.有好处 be bad for 对.有坏处during one s life 在某人一

53、生中 compare.to 把.比作compare.with 把.同.作比较 at the end of 在.尽头by the end of 到.末为止 in the end=at last=finally 最后at the age of 在.岁的时候 in two years 两年后pay for花费 pay a visit to 去.参观prepare for 为.做准备 a few 有些，有几个a little 有些，有几个 be careful=take care 小心in danger 处于危险中，濒危的 arrive in/at 到达both.and.=not only.but a

54、lso.不仅.而且.get ready for 为.做准备 take place 发生millions of 数百万的 high jump 跳高long jump 跳远 break the record 打破记录a bit 稍微，有点 do push-ups 做俯卧撑do sit-ups 做仰卧起坐 have an accident 发生事故get to 到达 more than 多余精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 20 页，共 21 页21 六固定用法：1.认为.怎么样(1)What.think of.?(2)how.like.?(3)How.feel about.?2.是什么意思?(1)

55、what do/does.mean by.?(2)what does.mean?(3)whats the meaning of.3.So+连系动词 be/助动词/情态动词+主语“.也是.”4.复合形容词：基数词+名词+形容词 67-year-old 5.in+一段时间用于一般将来时6.what s the weather like?=How is the weather?天气怎么样？7.spend time/money doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事 spend time/money on sth.在某事/某物上花费时间/金钱8.it takes sb.some time to do sth.花费某人时间做某事9.prepare for sth.准备做某事10be careful of sth.小心某物 be careful to do sth.小心做某事11.what/how about doing sth.?做某事怎么样？12.give up doing sth.放弃做某事精选学习资料 -名师归纳总结-第 21 页，共 21 页