ITS智慧型运输系统

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1、CALM outline Overview of the CALM Concept What is CALM?CALM Service Types CALM media CALM originate interfaces Protocol managed interfaces ISO15628 compatible interfaces.CALM networking -based on IPv6、MIPv6 CALM management CALM/Application Management Entity(CME)Network Management Entity(NME)Interfac

2、e Management Entity(IME)The CALM concept The fundamental principles of the CALM concept is predicated on the principle of making best use of the resources available CALM overview Continuous Air-interface,Long and Medium range(CALM)CALM is being developed by Working Group 16 of Technical Committee 20

3、4 of the ISO The CALM concept is therefore developed to provide a layered solution that enables continuous or quasi continuous communications vehicles to vehicles Vehicles to infrastructure Infrastructure to infrastructure The aim of CALM is to provide wide area communications to support ITS applica

4、tions GSM/GPRS、3G、4G、satellite、microwave、millimeter wave、infrared、WiMAX and Wi-Fi ITS智慧型運輸系統智慧型運輸系統(ITS,Intelligent Transportation System)乃是應用先進的電子，通信，資訊與感測等技術，以整合人，路，車的管理策略，提供即時(real-time)的資訊而增進運輸系統的安全，效率及舒適性，同時也減少交通對環境的衝擊。Vehicles which can be located,identified,assessed and controlled using ITS R

5、oad users who employ ITS,for instance,for navigation,travel information and their monitoring capabilities Infrastructure for which ITS can provide monitoring,detection,response,control,road management and administration functions Communications networks to enable wireless transactions amongst vehicl

6、es and transport users CALM specifications/standards are not designing a physical piece of equipment CALM is actually a related set of protocols,procedures and management processes CALM working groups CALM have eight sub-working groups,including 16.0,16.1,16.2,16.3,16.4,16.5 and 16.6 SWG 16.0 Archit

7、ecture SWG 16.1 Media SWG 16.2 Networking SWG 16.3 Probe Data SWG 16.4 Application Management SWG 16.5 Emergency Communications SWG 16.6 Non-IP Networking SWG 16.7 Security and Lawful Intercept General Structure of CALMCALM Scope Three main modes of operation:Vehicle-Infrastructure Vehicle-Vehicle I

8、nfrastructure-Infrastructure Inter-operability and seamless handover between networks and applications.CALM used IPv6 exclusively.(initial specification)CALM in a multi-platform,multimedia environmentCALM safety service INFRASTRUCTURE Vehicle CALM enabled Safety Services INFRASTRUCTURE to ON BOARD E

9、QUIPMENT Animal Crossing Zone Information-Adaptive Headlight Aiming-Blind Merge Warning Curve Speed Warning-Emergency Vehicle Signal Preemption Emergency Vehicle Video Replay External Speed Limitation GPS Corrections-Highway/Rail Collision Warning-Homeland Security Identification and Management Inci

10、dent Mapping and Warning Infrastructure Intersection Collision Warning-Intelligent On-Ramp Metering Intelligent Traffic Lights Intersection Collision:Infrastructure-Based Warning Intersection Collision:Vehicle-Based Warning ON BOARD EQUIPMENT-to-INFRASTRUCTURE Automatic Crash Notification Blind Merg

11、e Warning eCall Intelligent Traffic Light pre-emption for priority vehicles Intersection Collision Probe data Vehicle-Based Warning SOS Services Vehicle Vehicle CALM enabled Safety Services Approaching Emergency Vehicle Warning Blind Merge Warning-Blind Spot Warning-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Contr

12、ol Cooperative Collision Warning Cooperative Glare Reduction-Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Automation System(Platooning)Crash Warning-Curve Speed Warning-Enhanced Differential GPS Corrections-Highway Merge Assistant Highway/Rail Collision Warning-Hybrid Intersection Collision Warning-Instant(Problem)M

13、essaging-Intersection Collision Vehicle-Based Warning Lane Change Assistant-Left Turn Assistant-Merge Assistant-Pre-crash Sensing Post-Crash Warning Right Turn Assistant Road Feature Notification-SOS Services Stop Sign Movement Assistant-Vehicle-based Road Condition Warning-Vehicle-to-Vehicle Road F

14、eature Notification Vehicle Platooning Visibility Enhancer-Wrong-Way Driver Warning CALM Commercial Services INFRASTRUCTURE-Vehicle CALM enabled Commercial Services INFRASTRUCTURE to ON BOARD EQUIPMENT Commercial Service Payments Commercial Vehicle Operations Enhanced Route Guidance and Navigation-G

15、PS Corrections-Just-In-Time Repair Notification Map Downloads and Updates-Optimal Speed Advisory Parking Space Identification/Navigation-GPS Corrections-Infotainment Intelligent On-Ramp Metering(road management)Intelligent Traffic Lights(road management)Internet in-vehicle Instant Messaging Open Roa

16、d(no barrier)Tolling Video Downloads Vehicle-Vehicle CALM enabled Commercial Services Cross Vehicle Messaging In vehicle Internet-Region Feature NotificationCALM infrastructure The CALM concept at the highest level of abstraction The CALM Media CALM combines complementary media:For short and medium

17、distances(directed):Infrared,MM-Wave For short and medium distances:Microwave 5.8 GHz For long distances:GSM,UMTS CALM originated interfacesISO 21214 CALM InfraRedISO 21215 CALM M5ISO 21216 CALM MillimeterCALM originated interfaces This class of air interface has been specifically designed for CALM

18、CALM originated interfaces should offer the highest performance interface at any particular frequency 5Ghz 5.8 GHz DSRC(dedicated short range communications)The European Standard has been adopted and is now used in many countries including Australia,several countries in Asia and South America.Millim

19、eter Frequency range:62-63 GHz High directionality High data rates It can also be used in conjunction with radar signals at similar frequencies.Infra red Infra red is already used in tolling systems High data rates and a relatively lightweight,comparatively inexpensive,beacon infrastructure,with rel

20、atively high directionality.The Standard supports current and future ITS applications with data rates from 1Mbit/s to 128Mbit/s The CALM-IR medium provides virtually“continuous communications”even in the presence of interruptions of the link caused by physical barriers.Target domains of infrared are

21、 car-to-car communication and directed communication to infrastructure facilities such as traffic signals,traffic-signs and information-beacons.The link setup-time is usually less than one millisecond important feature in safety-related car-to-car communication Low-power infrared beacons,in combinat

22、ion with solar panels,also enable also power-line independent roadside installation.CLAM-IR application(German)German Truck-Tolling-ProjectIR applicationPhysical Transportation and Exchange of Data via oncoming trafficCurve-WarningTraffic InformationHazard-WarningCALM IR ApplicationsCommunication Zo

23、nes for Car-to-Car and Car-to-Infrastructure communication Protocol managed interfaces ISO 21212 Cellular 2G ISO 21213 Cellular 3G Mobile Wireless Broadband(MWB)HC-SDMA、802.16e(WiMAX)and 802.20 Protocol managed interfaces This class of air interface has not been specifically designed for CALM They a

24、re deigned for generic wireless telecommunications session These interfaces are adopted as potential CALM interfaces because they have wide area,even ubiquitous,coverage.Cellular(2G)The 2G cellular network is ubiquitous around most of the word Applications tend to relate to non continuous,emergency

25、systems Examples of such systems are emergency buttons in vehicles that call the emergency services,and are based on 2G+GPS coordinates.Cellular(3G)3G systems offer significantly improved data rates which are capable of carrying many first generation ITS services.However,in respect with more advance

26、d systems,the data-rates will be inadequate.Although the initial introduction of 3G has largely been on a connection time basis,it is clear that the cost models are moving to fixed subscription basis,at least for domestic usage.Mobile Wireless Broadband(MWB)wireless broadband will become ubiquitous

27、within urban areas and in areas where wired broadband installation is difficult or not cost effective.Challenge:travelling vehicle will soon move from one cell to another.handover HC-SDMA,802.16e(WiMAX)and 802.20 Satellite Satellite communications are unlikely to be a low cost media,but are provided

28、 globally,and therefore a useful media for CALM to provide global reach for ITS.ISO15628 compatible interfaces ISO 15628 DSRC Systems compliant to ISO 15628 ISO 15625 was developed to provide an application layer for European DSRC at 5.8 GHz.Services CALM communication scenariosCALM ScenariosCALM ne

29、tworking Mobile IPv6 Allow IPv6 nodes to move from one IP subnet to another.NEMO(Network MObility)NEMO is concerned with managing the mobility of a network.Mobile IP scope140.123.113.100140.123.114.100Get Care-of Address(CoA)Foreign Agent(FA)Home Agent(HA)Corresponded Node(CN)Mobile Node(MN)Binding

30、Update Data TransmissionHome NetworkForeign NetworkMobile IPv6(MIPv6)NEMO Network Mobility Support Entire network mobile as a unit and attached to the Internet via a Mobile Router(MR)MR changes its point of attachment Only MR changes its IP address Nodes behind MR dont change their own point of atta

31、chment Current address recorded at the HA(dedicated server)Handled by NEMO WG NEMO Basic Support:RFC 3963(Jan.05)Benefit of network mobility support over host mobility support The vehicle changes its point of attachment to the Internet Host Mobility:each node maintains Internet access Each host must

32、 perform Mobile IPv6 Network Mobility:only the mobile router(MR)maintains Internet access Standards IPv6 nodes can be located behind the MR:no mobility supportCALM Architecture and SAPs of NetworkService Access Points SAPs Service Access Points Between the air interface and the networking protocols

33、Between the air interface and the CALM management protocols SAPs provide a common basis for transaction between the air interface and the network layer.between the network layer and the upper application layers.Data SAPs The different CALM media all use the same CALM network layer.All media also use

34、 the same type of SAP to communicate between the CALM network layer and the communications adaptation layer.Two service primitives request and indicationManagement SAPs These SAPs handle the overall management of the transaction:start,reset,join,authenticate,re-authenticate,de-authenticate,scan(for

35、media),associate,de-associate,re-associate,etc.CALM-aware applications use M-SAPs to communicate with other management entity.CALM Management Entity CALM/Application Management Entity(CME)Select the best communication media for application Network Management Entity(NME)Signal the Network status to C

36、ME Achieve inter-network(inter-media)handover Use IP(v6)layer to control mobility Interface Management Entity(IME)Signal the media status to NME Avoid interferences among communication media Achieve intra-network(intra-media)handoverCALM policies Media interface protocol提供給interface status list Requ

37、irement application protocol提供給application requirement list Policy Media selection policyCALM/Application Manager Its principal role is to manage the overall functioning of CALM,but it also has to provide the session management with the application.To manage the session it has to direct messages/dat

38、a/requests to/from the application to the appropriate destination in the vehicle.CME needs Policies to decide communication links and they can be User-defined、Manufacturer-defined、Local authorities-definedCALM/Application manager entityNetwork Manager It provides the link between one or more media a

39、nd one or more service and directs data to/from the service provider to the application service running on board the vehicle.When required,it has to move the media to the instruction of the CALM Application Manager.The principles involved in determining optimal choiceof networkInterface Manager The

40、Interface Manager has to find what media are available at any time,and the qualities of that signal(signal strength,data rate etc)and keep the records of the status of the media updated.The Interface Manager will know all active interfaces and their capabilities and can activate a local handover source/destination address can be kept intact.The OSI Communications Stack CALM architectureReferences谢谢观看/欢迎下载BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES.BY FAITH I BY FAITH