英语总复习讲义

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1、宾语从句 主讲教师：易波 北京英语教师中考考点连接词的选择宾语从句的语序宾语从句的时态 宾从的连接词 that 无意义，无成分，可省 if, whether 是否 （句尾有or not用whether）所有的特殊疑问词：what，which，who，whom，when，where，how，why 等。 I dont know if he will come on time Im happy (that) I have passed the exam 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句必须是陈述语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。解题技巧：淘汰疑问语序：be/ 助/ 情+主语He asked me what I

2、 did yesterday afternoon Can you tell me how old you are.宾语从句的语序 注意：有些问句，疑问词就是句子的主语，所以问句本身就是陈述语序，在变成宾从时语序无需发生变化。What is happening over there?Do you know what is happening over there?Whats wrong with you?I wonder whats wrong with you. What is the matter?宾语从句的时态 当主句中谓语是现在时，从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可按需要使用任何时态。

3、I hear hell be back in a few days. I hear he came back a few days ago. -Can you guess if they will come to play basketball with us? -I think theyll come if they are free. 宾语从句的时态 当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态(如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时，过去完成时)，以便保持与主旬谓语动词时态的一致。She said she was reading a story book at seven

4、 yesterday She said they had seen this film several times She said she would come to see me, if she had time tomorrow.注意：当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时，宾语从旬的时态用一般现在时。 They said that the earth is round The teacher told me that the moon moves around the earth.无敌小口诀主现从随便；主过从必过；（一过，过进，过将，过完）真理永不变。定语从句(上)

5、主讲教师：易波 北京市英语教师定义：在复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的句子（从句）叫定语从句。A doctor is a person who looks after the sick peoples health. 先行词 关系代词 谓语 宾语 （定语从句修饰先行词） 其中，who是关系代词，在定语从句中做主语。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。它既起连接作用，又充当从句中的一个成分。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为：先行词+关系词+定语从句This is the school where my mother works.先行词关

6、系词 如：That is the bike which my father bought for me. which= bike考点：引导词的选择定语从句的引导词：关系代词 that、which、who、whom(宾格)、whose;关系副词 when、where、why关系代词关系代词指代对象在从句中的成分人物主语宾语定语who(whom) whichthatwhose 1. Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?2. She has got a computer which/that her parents bou

7、ght for her.3. This is the factory that/which his father visited three years ago.4. The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.5. The room whose window is open is mine.6. I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.7. This is the factory where I worked three years ago.8. Could you exp

8、lain the reason why you were late again?注意：一、which与that指物时可互相代替，但也有只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：口诀：两代限形特疑序两：先行词词中同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that引导。I can remember the persons and the pictures that I saw in the room.代：先行词为everything、something、anything、nothing、all、none、much、little、few等不定代词或被这些不定代词修饰时，定语从句只能用that

9、引导。Here is all the money (that) I have.限：先行词同时又被the only、the very或the right修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。It is the only word that I know in the passage.形：先行词同时又被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.特疑：当主句是who或 which开头的特殊疑问句时，用that引导定语从句。Who is the girl that won the f

10、irst place?序：先行词同时又被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。This is the first composition that he has written in English.二、不能使用that的定语从句1、主句与从句用逗号隔开，先行词是物时，只用which，不用that。She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.2、关系代词前有介词时。（关系词前有介词时，关系词只能为which或whom） This is the hotel in which you will stay.

11、Who is the teacher to whom Lily is talking? 3、先行词是one(s)、anyone、someone、those时，关系词使用who。Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.三、关系词的省略关系词在从句中作宾语可省略；但关系代词which, whom在从句中做介词的宾语且介词位于关系代词前时，不可以省略；that、which、who在从句中做主语时，不能省略。 1、The boy (who/ that) I like isnt here now.（作宾语，可省略）2、Ill never f

12、orget the day on which I joined the army.3、Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?注：判断关系词的成分可以通过还原法，即把先行词带入从句 中，先行词的成分就是关系词的成分。 四、whose 指人，也可指物，表示某人的或 某物的，在从句中作定语，不可省略。Please show me the book whose cover is red. 定语从句(下)主讲教师：易波 北京市英语教师 关系副词关系副词用来引导定语从句时，在句中作状语。Where修饰地点词，在从句中做地点状语。When修饰时间词，

13、在从句中做时间状语。Why修饰reason，在从句中做原因状语。拓展：关系副词和关系代词的比较1. I know a place where we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 2. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.3. This

14、 is the reason why he was dismissed. This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.结论：先行词做状语用where/when/why，做主语，宾语时用关系代词that、which。为什么第一句用where引导，而第二句却用which？1. This is the place where the accident took place last night.2. This was the place which I visited las

15、t year.动词搭配与辨析主讲教师：易波 北京市英语教师接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的常用动词avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事keep doing sth. 保持做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事miss doing sth. 错过做某事pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某

16、事prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事put off doing sth. 推迟做某事risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help

17、 to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事接不定式作宾补的24个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do

18、 sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like s

19、b. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事

20、wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事接动词原形作宾补的常用动词have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事容易误用作不及物动词的7个及物动词误：serve for sb. 正：serve sb. 为某人服务误：marry with sb. 正：marry sb. 与某人结婚误：discuss

21、 about sth. 正：discuss sth./discuss with sb. about sth. 讨论某事误：mention about sth. 正：mention sth. 提到某事误：enter into a room 正：enter a room 进入房间误：contact with sb. 正：contact sb. 与某人联系误：ring to sb. 正：ring sb. 给某人打电话形容词与副词 主讲教师：易波 北京英语教师概述形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句等。但英语中的副词位置和汉语的不同，比较灵

22、活。形容词的定义及句法功能形容词是描写或修饰名词（或代词）的一类词，在句子中主要做定语、表语和宾语补足语。-She has beautiful long hair.-She looks pretty.-She found her homework very hard.副词的定义及句法功能副词用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。-He runs fast.（修饰动词）-Its very hot in summer in Beijing.（修饰形容词）-He ran fast enough to catch the bus.(修饰其他副词)Enough用法：名前，形

23、副后。-Enough money. -Good enough. -Fast enough.-Fortunately it was not so cold.(修饰全句)形容词和副词的原级肯定形式as . as .否定形式not as . as .not so . as .This house is as big as that one.原级比较级最高级bad / ill / badlyworseworstgood / wellbetterbestfarfarther/ furtherfarthest/ furthestlittlelessleastmany / muchmoremostoldol

24、der/elderoldest/eldest用法比较级+than-You are taller than him.二选一-Which is better, this one or that one?比较级+and+比较级，表示越来越-The weather is getting colder and colder.-She is getting more and more beautiful.the + 比较级.,the +比较级., 表示越.，越.-The more exercise you do, the healthier youll be.用法形容词和副词的最高级the +最高级+（名

25、词）+表示范围的短语或从句。-Tom is the tallest boy in our class.-Li Ming jumps (the) farthest of all.the second (third)+最高级+（名词）表示范围。-China is the third largest country in the world.三者选一-Who is the best , Jim, Tom or Kim?one of the +最高级（形）+名词的复数-Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.时态和语态(上)主讲教师：易波 北京市英

26、语教师一般现在时用法：1. 表示经常性、习惯性、反复进行的动作。2. 表示客观真理。3. 主将从现。时间和标志：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Mondays一般现在时动词有两种形式：1、动词原形和第三人称单数。2、否定和疑问要借助于助动词do和does的帮忙。现在进行时用法：1. 表示此时此刻或现阶段发生的动作。 2. 现进表将来（die, go, leave, come, start, arrive）3. 现在进行时要用am/is/are + V-ing的形式共同完成。时间标志：now, look, listen, at t

27、he moment一般过去时用法：1、表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。2、过去时由主语加动词的过去时组成，注意不规则动词的变化形式。时间标志：yesterday, last week, four days ago，just now否定和疑问要借助助动词did的帮助。一般将来时表示将来发生的动作和状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。结构：will + V-原形（第一人称可以用shall） be going to +V-原形时间标志：tomorrow, soon, in a week, next week, one month later现在完成时用法：表示动作发生在过去，到目前为止已经结束

28、（永久性结束或暂时性结束），对现在有影响。构成：have/has+V-过分时间和 标志：already, yet (否定或疑问), ever, never, just, for（时间段, since（时间点）, so far, up to now, in the past/last 10 years, before(句尾), twice现在完成时考点：1. 看时间标选时态。2. has been to 和has gone to的区别。3. 现完和一过的区别：一找时间标志， 二看对现在是否有影响。 4. 瞬间动词不能与since和for连用。题六：过去将来时用法：过去将来时常用于宾语从句中。构成

29、：would + V-原形或was/were going to +V-原形过去进行时用法：表示在过去某一个时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。结构：was/were +V-ing过去完成时用法：1. 句中两个动作，都发生在过去，先后发生，先发生的用过完，后发生的用一过。2. By+过去时间/过去动作，主句动词用过完。 Mr. Wang had taught English for five years before he came here. By the time I got out, the bus had left. 结构：had + V-过去分词中考英语常考句型总汇主讲教师：易波 北京市英

30、语教师1. Its time to do sth./Its time for sth. 该干某事了孩子们，该吃午饭啦。Children, its time to have lunch/for lunch.2. Its important to do sth. 做某事很重要 学好英语很重要。Its important to learn English well.3. Its impossible to do sth. 做某事是不可能的 台湾从祖国分裂出去是不可能的。Its impossible for Taiwan to break away from our homeland/motherla

31、nd.4. No matter. 无论 无论他说什么，没有人会相信他。No matter what he says, nobody believes him.5. neither.nor. 既不也不 题一：填空题：这个女孩和她妹妹都不喜欢骑自行车上学。_ going to school by bike.6. it is said (that)从句 据说it is thought (that)从句 一般认为 it is known (that)从句 大家都知道 it is reported (that)从句 据报道 it is believed (that)从句 一般相信大家都知道杭州是一个美丽

32、的城市。It is known (that) Hangzhou is a beautiful city.7. too.to. 太而不能 她太小了现在还不能去上学。She is too young to go to school.8. Not.until. 直到才 Tom直到六岁才去上学。Tom didnt go to school until he was six years old.9. thank you/thanks for doing sth. 感谢做某事。 谢谢你听我倾诉。Thank you for listening to me.10. either.or. 要么要么 你要么呆在家

33、里，要么跟我一起去。You can/may stay at home or go with me.11. as soon as. 一就 我父亲一回来我就告诉他。I will tell him as soon as my father comes back.12. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人别做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人别做某事13. the + est + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen

34、 (known/heard/had/read, etc) the most + 形容词 + 名词 +(that)+ 主词+ have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc) 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.14. the reason why + 句子 + is that + 句子 的原因是 我们植树的原因是它能给我们提供新鲜空气。15. The+比较级, the+比较级 越越 你愈努力，你愈进步。The harder you work, the be

35、tter you will get./the more progress you will make.16. do good to 对有益 do harm to 对有害(1) 读书对心灵有益。Reading does good to our mind.(2) 吸烟对我们身体有害处。Smoking does harm to our health.17. enjoy/finish/mind/keep/go on doing sthbuy/give/show/send/pass/bring/lend/tell sb. sth 很抱歉让你等了这么长时间。 Im sorry for having kep

36、t you waiting for so long.18. get on well with 与某人相处融洽 get ready for /get sth. ready 为做好准备 had better (not ) do sth. 最好（别） help sb (to) do/with sth. 帮助某人做make/ let sb (not) do sth notat all not only but also 题二：填空题：(1) 你能告诉我如何与同学相处吗？ Can you tell me _my classmates?(2) 你们把晚会准备好了吗？ Did you_ the party?

37、(3) 你最好不要让自己失望。 You _ let yourself down.(4) 老师让我帮助她学功课。 The teacher asked me to _her lessons.(5) 别让孩子们在马路上踢足球，太危险了。Dont _ in the street. Its dangerous. (6) 我对那部电影一点都不感兴趣。I_ that movie _.stop to do/stop doingforget to do/forget doingremember to do/remember doingbe afraid to do/doing（特别解释）go on to do/

38、doingWhat about/How about? Whats wrong/the matter with?Will (Would,Could) you please？ Why not? used to代词主讲教师：易波 北京市英语教师 考点解析中考考点：1.人称代词主宾格的使用。2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。3. it、one、that、ones、those 做替代词的用法。4. it表时间，天气，距离等句型及it作形式主语、宾语。5.不定代词each、every、any等的用法。考点：人称代词主宾格的使用人称代词起代表人和事物的作用， 它有人称、单复数和主宾格的变化。人称单

39、数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I mewe us第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词：主格做主语； 宾格做动词和介词的宾语。I came into trouble last year, but nobody helped me.拓展：it的一些特殊用法1. 指天气 It was raining yesterday morning. 2. 指气侯 Its cold in this room. 3. 指时间 What time is it? Its six thirty.4. 指距离 How far is it from here to t

40、he park. Its about two miles.5. 在不明对方身份的情况下指代人，或者是婴儿。Who knocked the door just now？I was taking a shower that moment, so I dont know who it was.6. 充当句子的形式主语和形式宾语。It is easy for me to learn English well. (形式主语)I found it easy for me to learn English well.（形式宾语）考点：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。单数复数形容词性物主代词myyou

41、rhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容词物主代词起形容词作用，后接名词。名词性物主代词像名词一样用后不再接名词。This is my book.=This book is mine.考点：反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词的常考词组：Teach oneself=learn by oneself自学 Enjoy oneself 玩得高兴Help oneself t

42、o 随便吃、用 By oneself 亲自题一：1. I hope you can enjoy _ at the party.我希望你在聚会上玩的开心。2. The children made model planes _. 孩子们自己做了一些飞机模型。3. That poor boy was _.那个贫穷的孩子就是我自己。4. Please help _ to some fish.别客气，吃些鱼吧。考点：疑问代词1. 表示疑问， 一般放在句首， 构成特殊疑问句。2. 疑问词：who、whom、whose、what、which.3. 解题秘笈：注意看答语。Who cleaned the roo

43、m yesterday? Lucy did.To whom are you talking?(做宾语)Whose book is this?（who的所有格形式，做定语、表语）What would you like?Which one do you like best?考点：不定代词定义：用来不指明任何特定的人和物的代词。复合不定代词：something, anything, nothing, everything等。常考点：1. 形容词后置。 something important2. 作主语当单数。 Something is wrong with my bike.其他不定代词：some 肯

44、定句、以情态动词开头的疑问句。Could you please tell me something interesting about your childhood?any 否定句、其他疑问句。 (当任何一个讲可以放在肯定句中)I dont have any money with me today.Any student can take part in the competition.both either neither (两者之间)复数 单数all each/any none（三者或以上）解题秘笈：一看几者， 二看单复数。1. The old man has two sons and b

45、oth of them are doctors.2. None of the boys knows the right answer.one the other 两者之间的一者，另一者another 三者或以上中的另外一者，再，又1. He has a pen in one hand, and a ruler in the other. 2. Please give me another cup of tea.some others 一些，另一些（但并非另外全部）（游戏问题）some the others 一些，另一些 另外全部）（性别问题）1. The students are playin

46、g in the playground. Some are playing football, others are playing table-tennis.2. There are thirty-six students in my class. Eighteen are boys, the others are girls.注意：others 和the others后不能接名词，而other后要接名词。little, a little, few, a few代替复数名词代替不可数名词肯定a few（有一些）a little（有一点儿）否定few（几乎没有）little（几乎没有）题二：1

47、. Would you please buy some salt for me, Tony? Theres _ left.2. I only know _ people here.考点：it, one 及that 的区别1. one (ones) 代同一类，不是同一个。 Your pen is pretty, and Id like to buy one too.2. it (they/them) 代同一个。 Your pen is pretty, and Id like to use it.3. that (those) 一般用于比较句中代替前文提到的名词，以避免重复。 The weathe

48、r in Beijing is colder than that (代weather) in Nanjing.考点：none, nothing, nobody的区别1. none可指人，可指物，表特指概念，常用来回答how many和how much。2. nobody只能指人，表泛指概念，常回答who的疑问句。3. nothing只能表物，表泛指，常用来回答what的疑问句。4. none后可以跟of短语，其他不行。中考代词突破方法：1. 代词指代人还是物。2. 代词指代可数还是不可数。3. 代词指代特指还是泛指。4. 两者之间还是三者或是三者以上。5. 代词所表示的是肯定的还是否定的概念。14