初三化学专题复习测试题二

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1、初三化学专题复习测试题（二）（元素化合物）一、选择题（每小题3分，共 45分）12006年 长沙市在整顿音像市场的活动中，查获了一批盗版光盘，并进行了“绿色销毁”。以下做法属于“绿色销毁”的是（）A、泼上汽油焚烧 B、倾倒入漓江中C、深埋水土中D、碾压粉碎后回收再利用2下列物质露置在空气中，因发生氧化反应而变质的是（）A、白磷B、生石灰C、烧碱D、浓硫酸3甲、乙、丙、丁分别是NaCl、Ba（NO3）2、Na2CO3、HCl四种溶液。已知甲和丙可以反应，甲和丁也可以反应，则下列说法正确的是 A丁不可能是Ba（NO3）2 B甲一定是Na2CO3 C丙一定是盐酸 D甲一定是NaCl4集气瓶里盛有N2

2、和O2的混合气体（体积比41），采用燃烧法除去氧气而得到纯净的氮气，最好采用的试剂是A.铁 B.木炭 C.红磷D.硫磺 5区别02、H2、C02三种气体最简便的方法是（ ） A将气体分别通入石灰水中 B将气体分别通过灼热的氧化铜粉末C将气体分别通过红热的铜丝 D用燃着的木条分别伸入盛有三种气体的集气瓶中 6. 下列各组物质投入水中搅拌后能得到无色、澄清溶液的是( )。AKNO3、HCl、CuCl2 BBa(OH)2、BaCl2、Na2SO4CNa2CO3、NaCl、Ca(OH)2 DNaOH、KCl、H2SO47已知同温同压下，相同体积的任何气体，含有相同数目的分子。现有aLH2和CO的混合气

3、体，完全燃烧后用去a/2LO2，则H2和CO混合气体中，两种气体的体积比是（）A、11B、12C、21D、任意比8将Ag、Mg、Fe、CuO组成的混合物放入足量稀硫酸中，反应完成后，溶液呈蓝绿色，过滤，滤纸上留下的固体可能是（）A、AgB、Fe、AgC、Cu、AgD、Mg、Fe、Ag9据统计，目前世界上有近20亿人患有缺铁性贫血，这里的“铁”是指（）A、铁单质B、三氧化二铁C、氢氧化铁D、铁元素10小兰家中收藏一件清朝末年的铝制佛像，而该佛像至今仍保存十分完好，该佛像不易锈蚀的主要原因是（）A、铝不易发生化学反应 B、铝的氧化物容易发生还原反应C、铝不易被氧化 D、铝易氧化，但氧化铝具有保护内

4、部铝的作用 11利用无色酚酞试液可以鉴别的一组溶液是( )A、BaCl2、H2SO4、HCl B、NaOH、KOH、HCl C、K2CO3、Na2CO3 、HCl D、NaCl、NaOH、HCl12推理是化学学习中常用的思维方法。以下4个推断正确的是( ) A氧化物都含有氧元素，所以含有氧元素的化合物一定是氧化物 B酸与碱反应生成盐和水，所以生成盐和水的反应一定是酸与碱的反应 C燃烧一般都伴随发光、放热现象，所以有发光、放热的现象就是燃烧D化合物是由多种元素组成的纯净物，所以由多种元素组成的纯净物一定是化合物 13. 善于梳理化学知识，能使你头脑更聪明。以下完全正确的一组是( )A物质的性质与

5、用途B安全常识N2性质稳定可作灯泡填充气乙醇具有可燃性可作燃料石墨很软可作电极假酒中毒由甲醛引起煤矿爆炸由瓦斯引起假盐中毒由NaNO2引起C元素与人体健康D日常生活经验缺维生素C易引起坏血病缺钙易骨质疏松或得佝偻病缺碘易甲状腺肿大食品干燥剂常用CuO区别硬水与软水常用肥皂水检验使煤燃烧更旺把煤作成蜂窝状14下列物质间的关系中，不能直接相互转化的是（ ） A BC D15下列除杂的实验过程都正确的是（括号内为杂质）AKCl（K2CO3） 加足量稀硫酸、过滤、蒸发、结晶BBaSO4（BaCO3） 加足量稀盐酸、过滤、洗涤、干燥CCuO（Cu） 加足量稀盐酸、过滤、洗涤、干燥DMnO2 （KCl）

6、加水溶解、过滤、蒸发、结晶二、填空简答题（方程式每个 2分，其余每空1分，共27分）16.生活中处处有化学。我们日常生活与化学有着密切的联系，请用生石灰 食盐 酒精 熟石灰 纯碱 石墨的序号填空（1）浏阳河酒的主要成分：；（2）在饼干袋中放有一包标有“请勿食用”的干燥剂，这一干燥剂是；（3）可用于制“2B”铅笔的是；（4）可用作调味品的是 。17. 小明家是种植蔬菜的专业户，他学习了初三化学后告诉父母：施用适量的氮肥可以使种植的蔬菜叶色浓绿。因此，（1）他建议其父母去买的氮肥应是 。（填字母）A、碳酸氢铵NH4HCO3 B、硫酸钾K2SO4 C、磷矿粉 Ca3(PO4)2 （2）他还告诉父母在

7、施用氮肥的同时 （填“能”或“不能”）施用草木灰。理由是 。（3）他还建议父母经常向大棚中补充气体肥料CO2，目的是促进绿色植物 作用。但人在进入大棚之前，需先进行 试验。18 日常生活、工农业生产中的许多问题都与化学知识密切相关。（1）工业废气中含有大量的SO2，直接排放造成空气污染。治理方法之一是将含SO2的废气通过含有碱性物质的废液。请写出含有烧碱的废液吸收SO2的化学方程式 ；（2）农业上常用于降低土壤酸性的物质是 ；（3）目前市场上流行的竹炭是将毛竹高温炭化而成的疏松多孔、表面积极大的固体物质。放置在汽车、房间、衣橱内，可以去除潮气、异味等，据此请你描述竹炭具有的一种性质： 。19据

8、三湘都市报2007年2月4日报道，联合国发布气候报告称：全球变暖已毫无争议，从现在开始到2100年，全球平均气温将升高1.8至4摄氏度，海平面将升高19至58厘米，地球“发烧”将遗祸数百年。请问：全球平均气温上升“极可能”与 气体急剧增加有关，这种温室气体的产生与人类大量使用 有关，要解决地球“发烧”你认为可采取的措施有（至少写两条）： ， 。20据报道，全世界每年因金属腐蚀造成的直接经济损失约达7亿美元，我国因金属腐蚀造成的损失占国民生产总值（GDP）的4%。（1）请你根据不同原理，提出防止钢铁锈蚀的两条合理措施： ， ；（2）请写出用稀硫酸除去铁锈的化学方程式： 。21王佛松院士在展望21

9、世纪的化学一书中提出一个极为重要的观点：“任何物质和能量乃至于生物，对于人类来说都有两面性。即任何物质对人类有益，但同时也对人类有害”。请你任选一种物质说明它的两面性。选取的物质是 ，对人类有益的一面是 ，对人类有害的一面是 。22蒸馏水、矿泉水（该矿泉水属于硬水）、白醋、酒精都是常见的无色液体，他们的外观都非常相似，其中具有酸味的是 ，另一种具有特殊气味的是 ；其他两种无色液体可用多种方法区分。例如:(1)加入 （填序号），根据产生泡沫的多少来区分。肥皂水 活性炭 食盐水（2）将这两种无色液体分别加热，完全蒸发，根据是否有 （填实验现象）来区分。三、分析推断题（方程式每个 2分，其余每空1分

10、，共 8分）23 A、B、C、D、E是常见的五种无色气体，X、Y、Z是化合物。它们之间的转化关系如图所示(图中略去部分反应产物)，其中反应是实验室制气体E的常用方法。(1)写出物质的化学式A O2 、B CO 、C CH4 、E CO2 。(2)反应的化学方程式 。(3)反应的化学方程式 。四、实验探究题(23题每空1分，24题每空2分，共14分)24. 食醋、白酒、纯碱、白糖等均为厨房用品。从中选择适当物质，进行实践活动。（1）如右图所示，在玻璃杯底固定一支短蜡烛，铺上一层白色粉末，点燃蜡烛，沿杯壁倒入一些食醋，观察到两种物质立即发生反应，片刻后，蜡烛火焰熄灭。该白色粉末是 （填写化学式）。

11、（2）欲去除铝壶中的水垢主要成分是CaCO3、Mg(OH)2等可选择 （填写物质名称），若长时间浸泡行吗？ （填写“行”或“不行”），理由是 。25. 请你参与某学习小组的探究活动，并回答相关问题。 某化学兴趣小组的同学把氢氧化钠的片状固体放在表面皿中，离开实验室，三天后进行观察。 发现问题：三天后片状固体变成白色粉末状固体了 提出问题：“白色粉末固体物质是什么？” 建立假设：_ 设计实验：请你来完成以下实验，把相关内容填写在表格中。实验方法及操作可能观察到的现象实验结论反思与应用：应如何保存这些物质_。五、应用计算题（本题共6分）26下图是实验室购得的试剂双氧水溶液标签上的部分内容。双氧水（

12、100mL）品名：过氧化氢（H2O2）水溶液 质量分数：30%密度：1.0g/mL用途：医用消毒，稀释后外用，严禁内服通过计算回答：（1） 过氧化氢中氢、氧元素的质量比为_。（2） 该瓶双氧水的溶质质量为_g。（3） 实验室可用过氧化氢制取氧气，反应为： 2H2O2 MnO2 2H2O + O2若用该瓶双氧水制取氧气，可制得氧气多少克？参 考 答 案一、15 D A B C D 610 D D C D D 1115 A D C C D二、16（1）（2）（3）（4） 17 （1）A（2）不能（3）草木灰显碱性，能与铵态氮肥反应放出氨气，从而损失肥分 18 （1）SO2+2NaOH=Na2SO3

13、+H2O （2）熟石灰消石灰、氢氧化钙或Ca(OH)2 （3）吸附性 19 CO2(二氧化碳) 煤、石油等化石燃料 寻找新能源、大量植树造林等合理答案即可 20 （1） 刷漆、表面镀金属或制成不锈钢等合理答案即可 （2） Fe2O3+3H2SO4=Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O 21 (要求所选物质须与后面的利害相关才可) 22 白醋 酒精 水痕 23 （1）O2、CO、CH4、CO2 （2）（3）CaC03+2HCl=CaCl2+C02+H20 24 (1) Na2CO3 (2)盐酸（或食醋等） 不行 (3)在金属活动性中，铝在氢之前，能和酸发生反应 25 该白色粉末固体是碳酸钠 向表面皿中的

14、白色粉末加入适量的释盐酸有气泡产生证明白色粉末固体是碳酸钠（其他合理答案均可） 密封保存 26（1）116（2）30（3）141g（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and

15、 discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party disciplin

16、e, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the n

17、ecessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how t

18、o grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regu

19、lations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the lim

20、ited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing th

21、e General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent o

22、f leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the

23、second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clea

24、n the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the devel

25、opment of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations

26、 is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation,

27、 need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two

28、 party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised

29、regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan

30、 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission,

31、 part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the gene

32、ral office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organi

33、zation of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bu

34、reau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revisi

35、on of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling part

36、y characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline requir

37、ed specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 h

38、eld the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the re

39、gulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline

40、specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the p

41、ositive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focus

42、ing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler.

43、 Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political

44、 rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of ma

45、jor changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems

46、 of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the

47、provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to al

48、l Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to

49、 understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administr

50、ation consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four

51、 must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the par

52、tys advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the public and private, cheap and rot thrifty and extravagance bitter music, put forward the four norms. Party leader cadre cl

53、ean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the vital few, around the clean politics, from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of t

54、he four norms to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and

55、 cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the partys advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised from comprehensive comb physic

56、al constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The origi

57、nal 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. Regulations according