(完整版)英语长难句精解70句(最新整理)

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1、难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当。从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即:名词性从句， 包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;状语从句。非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长

2、。英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。1） 划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;2） 划出所有介词短语（位于 be 动词后的除外）；3） 名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4） 非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；5） 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干；6） 分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。长难句分析的步骤举例：经典例题（2001 年考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor,

3、will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.分析:第一，划出定语从句和状语从句: that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of pub

4、licity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins.第二，划出介词短语：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press第三，句子的结构分析:（1） ） 主干结构是主语（ Lord Irvine 含同位语 the Lord Chancellor） +将来时谓语（ willintroduce）+宾语（a draft bill）；（2） that 引导的定语从句修饰 draft bill,其中，will propose 是第一个谓语，making payment

5、s to witnesses illegal 是一个动名词短语做宾语，在动名词短语内部，payments to witnesses 做 making 的宾语，illegal 是宾补；第二个谓语是 will strictly control, the amount of publicity 是它的宾语。that can be given to a case before a trial begins 是孕含有一个时间状语从句（before a trial begins）的定语从句，修饰 publicity。请大家按照上述步骤认真分解以下 70 个句子，并把分解后的句子读熟甚至背过，则基本上可以解

6、决考研长难句问题。1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.结构分析:句子的主干是 This will be particularly true。since 引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the

7、 high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中，that 做主语，makes 做谓语，it 做形式宾语，不定式短语 to combine few farmers with high yields 则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine 是主干，few farmers 是宾语，with high yields 是状语）， possible 做宾语补足语。this 指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch 译为“能源的匮乏”;infashion 译为“用方法、方式”。译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业

8、中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter， we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.结构分析:句子的主干是 we must be sure。since 引导原因状语从句 the assessment of intelligence is a comparative m

9、atter。主句中又有 that 引导的宾语从句 that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词 with+which 引导的定语从句 with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词 the scale。scale 在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时， 我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。3. In

10、 general， the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.结构分析:句子的框架是the tests work most effectively whenand least effectively when。and 连接两个并列分句，每个并列分句中皆有一个 when 引导的

11、时间状语从句分别说明 work most effectively 和 and（work）least effectively。第二个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从句whatpredicted。the tests 是主句的主语，work 为动词做谓语。qualities 在此处是可数名词，不译为“质量”，而译为“特征”。defined 不能直译为“被定义为”，而应译为主动语态“界定”。译文：一般来说，当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定时，测试最为有效;而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定时，测试效果最差。4. For example， they do not compensate for gross s

12、ocial inequality， and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.结构分析:句子的框架是 they do not compensate，and thus do not tell how。and 连接两个并列分句，第二个并列分句中由 how 引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句， 其中 had he grown up（=If he had grown up）是省略了连

13、词 if 的非真实条件句。主句主语的 they，在此代指上文提到的 tests; able 在句中作 might have been 的表语。underprivileged 在此不能译为“没有特权的”，而译为“没有地位的”或“物质条件差的”。译文：例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人， 如果在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。5. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be treated either

14、with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.结构分析:句子的框架是 It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that。冒号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明。复合句中 that 引导宾语从句，从句中有 eitheror引导的两个并列的介词结构作状语，修饰动词 be treated，其中第一个 with 介词结构中还有一个省略了关系代词 that 或 which

15、 的定语从句 humans extend to other humans，修饰 the consideration。it 代指上文的观点，即如果对人权没有达成一致看法，而谈论动物的权利是徒劳的。介词短语 at the outset 译为“从一开始”。动词 invites 应转译为“使”、“让” 或“促使”。动宾结构 extend consideration to 意为“给予关怀或关心”，consideration 不应译为“考虑”。译文：这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关怀体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。6. But even more import

16、ant，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past， for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.结构分析:句子的框架是 it was the farthest that。但 It wasthat在本句中不是强调句型。it 是指上句中所提到的 150 亿年前形成的巨大云团（a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15

17、billion light-years from earth）;that 引导的应是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 the farthest。for 引导的是表示原因的分句，分句中还有 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the patterns and structure。译文：但更重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的有关过去的最为遥远的景象，因为他们看到的是 150 亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。7. Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor， tens of thousands o

18、f homeless and hungry agricultural workers， with their wives and children， were forced into the cities in search of work，and any work，under any condition，that would keep them alive.结构分析:句子的框架是 it happened that。it 做形式主语，that 引导的从句做真正的主语。主语从句中，又有一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句为 tens of thousands of homeless and

19、 hungry agricultural workerswere forced，时间状语从句中从句主语 the new factories 又带有一个定语从句 that were springing up; that would keep them alive 做 work 的定语从句。spring up 意为“发生，出现，建立”。译文: 于是就出现了这样的情况:正当新办的工厂纷纷建立，需要劳动力的时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为生的劳动者携家带口，被迫进入城市;他们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不论什么条件，只要不被饿死就行。8. As a result of two or three

20、centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.结构分析:句子的框架是we have come to believe that。that 引导的

21、从句做 believe 的宾语从句;此从句中有一个 that 从句作 the sense 的同位语从句;同位语从句中又套嵌一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句;此时间状语从句又套嵌一个定语从句 that endure， 修饰其先行词discoveries。by way of 意为“经由，通过方法”;reward sb. with 意为“以报答，酬劳”;endure 此处应译为“持久，持续”,不要译为“忍受，容忍”。译文:由于两三个世纪以来的科学研究成果，我们逐渐相信，如果运用合适的观察和实验方法向大自然探究问题，她会真心实意地给我们答复，并且以永垂不朽的发现来报答我们。从这个意义上来说，大自然

22、是可以认识的。9. These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.结构分析:句子的框架是 These new

23、observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details。后面紧跟省略了 if 引导的虚拟条件句 were it not for the fact that，即 if it were not for the fact that;that 从句作 the fact 的同位语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句，修饰其先行词 the stage; required for reliable weather forecasting 为过去分词短语修饰 the kind of measurements。simply 译为“只不过

24、，仅仅”，不应译为“简单地”。译文：理论上的认识已达到了这样一个阶段,即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地预报天气。如果做不到这一点，那么上述这些新的观察能力只不过提供了一大堆细节而已。10. The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes，namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it displaces，has ma

25、ny different versions，of which the following is one.结构分析:句子的框架是 The storyhas many different versions。what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes 为名词性从句做介词 of 的宾语。namely that a solid body 作the principle of Archimedes 的同位语;when immersed in a liquid 是省略了主语的过去分词短语，句子补充完整为 when the solid bod

26、y is immersed in a liquid，修饰其主句 a solid body loses a portion of its weight of the liquid;it displaces 是省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句修饰the liquid，it 代指前面提到的 the solid body;同时，of which the following is one 又构成先行词versions 的定语从句。displace 意为“排（水）”;version 不译为“版本”，此处指“根据个人观点的（对事件等的）说法，看法”;句尾的 one 代指 a version。译文:当固体

27、浸没到液体中时，固体会失去它所排出的液体的那部分重量，这就是现在通常所谓的阿基米德原理。有关这一发现的故事说法众多，下面的故事就是其中之一。11. We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few ten millionths of a millimeter apart was very small bu

28、t became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.结构分析:句子的框架是 We assumed that there were forces of attraction。that 引导宾语从句。此宾语从句中套嵌一个由 which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 forces of attraction; so that the attraction between molecules是 so that 结构引导的结果状语从句;在此状语从句中，除主干结构 the attractionwas very small but b

29、ecame considerable，又有 that were more than a few ten-millionths of a millimeter apart 做定语从句修饰先行词 molecules 和 when the molecules approached more closely 做状语从句，修饰but became considerable。considerable 译为“相当大（或多的）”。译文：我们曾经假定，分子之间存在着引力，这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的变化，因而，在间距为千万分之几毫米的分子之间的引力是很小的，但是分子靠得很近时， 这种引力会变得相当大

30、。12. This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development，which means that we must， for the benefit of coming generations， leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.结构分析:句子的框架是 This need is enshrined in th

31、e concept of sustainable development。其后紧跟着一个 which 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 sustainable development。此定语从句的谓语动词 means 又套嵌一个 that 引导的宾语从句，即 we mustleave enough environmental space。此宾语从句中又有 so that 结构做此从句的目的状语。be enshrined in 意为“被深深地珍藏（或铭记）在”，此处转译为主动语态“纳入到”。sustainable development 译为“可持续发展”。译文：这一需要被正式载入可持续发展的概念之中

32、。所谓可持续发展是指:为了子孙后代的利益，我们必须保留足够的生存环境空间，以满足他们的需要，施展抱负。13. Painting lacks only the means to represent movement in time and space，which is the special property of sculpture and architecture，since a painting is designed to be seen from one point at one time，whereas sculpture and architecture are created t

33、o be seen from various points of view， thus supplying movements in space and time.结构分析:句子的框架是 Painting lacks only the means,since。since 引导的原因状语从句修饰主句;关系代词 which 引导的定语从句修饰 the means to represent movement in time and space; property 在此处应译为“性质,特性”,不译为“财产,资产”。译文：绘画缺少的仅仅是表现空间与时间变化的手法，而这正是雕塑与建筑的特性。绘画时只要求在

34、某一时刻，从空间的一点来欣赏，而雕塑和建筑的创造则要求从各个角度来欣赏， 这样就表现出了空间，时间的变化。14. Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual classes，and that they might lose their heritage in regular classes，these women have since given voice，loudly and persuasively，to what they know from experie

35、nce that unless they are fluent in the language of their adopted country，their children will never attend college or land any but the most menial of jobs.结构分析:句子的框架是 these women havegiven voiceto what they know from experience that。that 从句做 experience 的同位语从句;此从句中又套嵌一个 unless 引导的条件状语从句;Once intimidat

36、ed by arguments 是过去分词做状语修饰 these women，其施动者 arguments 又有两个 that 引导的同位语从句修饰限定它。intimidated by arguments 意为“被论点搞得惊慌害怕”;feel at home 不能直译为“感到在家”，而译为“感到自在”;give voice to 意为“表达，表露”;land jobs 译为“找到工作”。译文：有人说，孩子们在双语课堂里会感到更加自由自在，而在正规班级会丧失其传统文化。这几位母亲曾被这一论点搞得惶恐不安，现在发表了最响亮，最有说服力的意见。从她们自身的经验中，他们深知:如果孩子们不熟练掌握他们所

37、移居国家的语言，除了那些最简单的体力活儿外，根本谈不上上大学，也谈不上找到理想的工作。15. The presumption on which human cloning rests is that all these cells，though now specialized， still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions needed to make an entire individual and can do so if a way is found to switch them back o

38、n.结 构 分 析 : 句 子 的 框 架 是 The presumption is that all these cellscontain genetic instructionsand can do so。 其 中 介 词 on 加 which 引 导 定 语 从 句 修 饰 主 语 the presumption; that 从句为表语从句;此表语从句中contain 和can do 并列做all these cells 的谓语; 表语从句中又插入一个 though 引导的省略了主语 all these cells 的让步状语从句，补充完整为though these cells are

39、now specialized; needed to make an entire individual 为过去分词短语做genetic instructions 的后置定语;并列谓语 can do so 又有 if 条件句修饰。rest on 意为“依赖”。为避免重复 do so 代替前文提到的 make an entire individual。译文：人类克隆赖以存在的假定是:虽然所有的细胞现已全部特化，但却仍然包含有发育为完整个体所需的与母体完全一致的全部遗传指令;如果能找到一个方法使失去作用的部分恢复作用，这些细胞就能发育成为完整的个体。16. Thus，a regularity fo

40、r which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories.结构分析： 句子的框架是 a regularitywill be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity。 介词 for 加关系代词 which 引导定语从句修

41、饰 a regularity。 an empirical regularity 后又有定语从句 that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories 修饰。grounds 意为“根据，理由”;subsume 意为“把归入，纳入”。译文：因此，与一条不能被归入更普遍的法则或理论而是基于经验的规律相比，一条具有普遍理论依据支持的规律很可能被认可为一条自然法则。17. It is because of the close association in most peoples minds of tools with man that

42、special attention has always been focused upon any animal able to use an object as a tool， but it is important to realize that this ability， on its own， does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerned.结构分析:句子的框架是 It is because ofthat，but it is important to realize th

43、at。but 连接两个并列句，but 前的并列分句为 It isthat强调结构，强调 because of 引导的状语。but 后的并列分句又有 that 引导的宾语从句做 realize 的宾语。the close association in most peoples minds of tools with man 中注意 in most peoples minds 把 the close association of tools with man（工具与人类的密切联系）分隔开来。两个并列句中分别有 able to use an object as a tool 和concerned 分

44、别做其前面名词 animal 和 the creature 的后置定语。man 根据上下文在此处指“人类”，而不是“男人”;not necessarily 译为“不一定、未必”;on its own 意为“独立地，凭自己力量”，在此转译为“就其自身而言”。译文： 正是由于在大多数人头脑中工具与人类联系密切，人类才特别关注有能力把物体当工具使用的任何一种动物。但值得注意的是，这种能力就其自身而言，并不表明这种动物有什么特别的智慧。18. The point at which tool using and tool making acquire evolutionary significance

45、is surely when an animal can adapt its ability to manipulate objects to a wide variety of purposes， and when it can use an object spontaneously to solve a brand-new problem that without the use of a tool would prove insoluble.结构分析:句子的框架是 The pointiswhenand when。两个 when 引导的从句为并列的表语从句。at which tool us

46、ing and tool making acquire evolutionary significance 为定语从句修饰主语 the point;第二个 when 引导的表语从句中也有 that 引导的定语从句修饰 a brand-new problem。ability to manipulate objects 译为“操纵物体的能力”;a brand-new problem thatwithout the use of a tool would prove insoluble 中 without 和 insoluble 为双重否定可译成肯定句。译文：当一种动物能够使自己操纵物体的能力适用于

47、更广泛的目标范围，并且能够自发地使用物体解决只有通过工具才能解决的崭新问题时，工具的使用和制造就肯定达到了具有进化意义的阶段。19. It was the desire to be scholarly that brought about a wxdye of Latin terms which appeared in the 16th century when the humanist movement brought new impetus to learning throughout Europe.结构分析:句子的框架是 It was the desirethat brought abo

48、ut a wxdye。it isthat是强调句型，强调主语 the desire to be scholarly。关系代词 which 引导定语从句,修饰 Latin terms;关系副词 when 引导定语从句,修饰 century。句中 scholarly 做“博学多才”讲;humanist movement 译为“人文主义运动”;impetus 意为“动力,促进”。译文：在 16 世纪的时候，人文主义运动促进了欧洲各国的学术运动，人们都想显示自己的博学多才，从而出现了一股使用拉丁字词的潮流。20. So dont be surprised if you never encounter

49、some of the expressions that still appear in school textbooks; and next time you hear somebody using a strange word you hxdyent heard before，you can comfort yourself that there may well be a native speaker somewhere who doesnt know it either.结构分析:句子的框架是dont be surprised if you;and next time，you can

50、comfort yourself that。分号连接两个并列分句。在前面句子中，if 引导状语从句;关系代词that 引导定语从句，修饰expressions。在后面句子中，you hear是省略了关系副词when的定语从句，修饰 next time; you hxdyent heard before 又是省略了关系代词 which 的定语从句，修饰 strange word;主句是 you can comfort yourself that，这里的 that 引导宾语从句，而关系代词 who 引导定语从句，修饰 native speaker。may 和 well 连用表示有充分的理由，译为“

51、（完全）能，（很）可能”。译文：因此，如果在某些教科书里你碰到某些词组是你从未见过的，你不必惊讶。如果下次你听到有人用一个你以前从未听到过的新词，你可以这样安慰自己说，很可能在什么地方有一个讲英语的本地人也不认识这个字呢!21. Despite the saying that one never knows if lightning strikes him，a person can sometimes feel the bolt coming and if quick enough，take protective action in time.结构分析:句子的框架是 a person canf

52、eel the bolt andtake protective action。and 连接两个并列的谓语动词。句首 despite 是介词引导介词短语作状语，此短语中 that 引导的名词性从句做saying 的同位语，此同位语从句中，if lightning是一个名词性从句，作know 的宾语，if在句中相当于 whether。主句中 if quick enough 补充完整为 if he is quick enough，是条件状语从句，为 take action 的前提条件。句中 bolt 译为“闪电”。译文:尽管人们常说一个人从来不知道是否遭到闪电的袭击，但是一个人有时能感觉到闪电的到来

53、，如果动作快，就能及时采取保护措施。22. The“shareholder”as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.结构分析:句子的框架是 The“shareholder”as such had no knowledge, and his influencew

54、as not good.。and 连接两个并列的分句。as such 做 The“shareholder”的定语，employed by the company in which he held shares 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 workmen，分词短语中含有 in which he held shares 定语从句，修饰 company。译文：这样的股东，对他拥有股份的公司里所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知， 而且他们对劳资双方的关系，也不会产生积极的影响。23. The paid manager acting for the company was in more dire

55、ct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.结构分析:句子的框架是 The paid manager was in more direct relation with the men and

56、their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen。acting for the company 做 the paid manager 的定语， which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away 做 that familiar personal knowledge 的定语，now passing away

57、做 the old family business 的定语。译文:受聘于公司并代表公司的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是,就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在，正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式制度下的雇主们，却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。24. When a journalist recently accused the company of lacking integrity in its testing of beauty products，the company overtly appealed to the public by citing its

58、corporate brand，which was firmly associated in peoples minds with strong ethical standards concerning animal rights.结构分析:句子的框架是 When，the company overtly appealed to the public。when 引导时间状语从句。主句中关系代词 which 引导定语从句修饰 corporate brand，此定语从句中 in peoples minds 把 associated with 分隔开来。beauty products 译为“美容产品”

59、。译文：有一名记者近日指责该公司在美容产品的测试上缺乏整体性，该公司公开利用其公司品牌求助于公众。在公众的心目中，该品牌同关系到动物权利的道德标准息息相关。25. However，the criminals quickly came to realize that the real value in the computers is in thechip which is remarkably portable and unidentifiable， so even when caught the police hxdye trouble proving the theft.结构分析:句子的框

60、架是 the fraternitycame to realize thatsothe police hxdye trouble。这是一个并列复合句，两个句子由 so 连接。在前面句子里 that 引导宾语从句，做 realize 的宾语;此从句中又有 which 引导的定语从句修饰the chip; so 后面句子里 when caught 是过去分词做状语，when caught 即 when the thief was caught; proving 是现在分词，修饰 trouble。译文: 但偷盗者认识到，电脑中真正值钱的东西是芯片（或叫集成电路片），这是可以随身携带和无法识别的。即使当

61、场被抓住，警察也难以证明那是偷来的。26. Although perhaps only 1 percent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns， so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.结构分析:句子的框架是 Although，so vast is the number of p

62、lanets that。主句为 sothat结构引导的结果状语从句，因强调 vast,so vast 放在句首进行倒装,正常语序为 the number of planets is so vast that。although 引导让步状语从句。此从句中套嵌一个关系代词 that 引导的定语从句修饰 life。be bound to 意为“一定,必定”。译文: 虽然在某处已经开始的生命中，可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的形式， 但是行星的数目如此之多,以致于有智慧的生命,一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。27. Such large, impersonal manipulation of

63、capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.结构分析：句子的框架是 Suc

64、h large, impersonal manipulation greatly increased shareholders as a class, an element主语和宾语都有较长的短语和 of 结构限定，并且分句是由两个 and 相连的 3 个部分组成的。 分句 an elementlandowners 又带有两个定语， 一个是representing ，另一个是 detached。译文： 对资本和企业进行大规模的非个人操纵，大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。28. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastboune sprang up to house large “Comfortable classes who had retired on their income s, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dict