2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析

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1、2017 年考研英语一试题及答案解析跨考教育 英语教研室Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding yes!（ 1） helping you feel close and （_

2、2）to people you care about, it turnsout that hugs can bring a （_ 3） of health benefits to your body and mind. Believeit or not, a warm embrace might even help you （_ 4） getting sick this winter.In a recent study （_ 5） over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie MellonUniversity in Pennsylvani

3、a examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs（6） the participants susceptibility to developing the commoncold after being（ 7） to the virus. People who perceived greater social supportwere less likely to come（8） with a cold, and the researchers（_9） that thestress-reducing

4、 effects of hugging （_10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.（ 11） among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_（_12） .Hugging protects people who are under stress from the （ 13） risk for coldsthats usually （_ 14） with st

5、ress, notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychologyat Carnegie, Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help （ 15） the feeling thatothers are there to help（_ 16） difficulty.Some experts（_ 17） the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to therelease of oxytocin, often called the bonding hor

6、mone（ 18） it promotesattachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it （_ 19） in the brain, where it （ 20） mood, behavior and physiolo

7、gy.1. A Besides B UnlikeC Throughout2. A equalB restricted C 3. A view B host C lessonD Despite connected D inferiorD choiceC recall D keep6. A on B inC atD7. A devoted B attractedC8. A along B acrossC9. A imaginedB denied10.A served B restoredC4. A avoidB forget5. A collectingB affectingC guiding D

8、 involving of lost D exposed down D outC doubted D calculated explained D required11.A Thus B Still C Rather D Even12.A defeats B symptoms C errorsD tests13 .A highlighted B increased C controlled D minimized14 .A presentedB equipped C associated D compared15.A assess B generateC moderate D record16

9、. A in the name ofBin the form ofC in the face ofDin the way of17.A attributeBcommitC transferDreturn18.A unlessBbecauseC thoughDuntil19.A remainsBemergesC vanishesDdecreases20.A experiencesBcombinesC justifiesDinfluences1A BesidesB UnlikeC ThroughoutD Despite【答案】 A【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系，a it turns out that

10、 hugs”说明拥抱还有其他结果。因此，前文的逻辑关系应该为“除此以外” ，结合选项，A. Besides （除此之外）最为合适。2A equalB restrictedC connectedD inferior【答案】 C【解析】本题实为逻辑关系题。根据句子前后结构“ helping you feel close and （2） ” ，我们可以判断， 由于空格处与前面内容通过and 连接， 说明我们要选择一个单词与feel close同义， 并且要与后面介词 to 连用。 因此， 通过对于四个选项含义判断， C 选项有 “关联的”含义最为符合。3A viewB hostC lessonD c

11、hoice【答案】 B【解析】此题为固定搭配。“ a host of ”表示大量的。其他选项搭配不合理。4A avoidB forgetC recallD keep【答案】 A【解析】 根据题干信息“ a warm embrace might even help you （ 4 ） getting sick this winter.中，出现“ even” ，表示“甚至” ，说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系。上一句话的语义表示“拥抱可以带来大量的好处” ，因此，这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处。根据四个选项含义，A. avoid （避免）B. forget （忘记）C. recall （回忆）D

12、. keep （保持），A选项“避 免生病”最符合文意。5A collectingB affectingC guidingD involving【答案】 D【解析】本题考查现在分词做后置定语，需要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的 “ study” ， 因此，结合四个选项A collecting （收集） B affecting （影响） C guiding（ 引导 ）D involving （涉及、卷入） ，根据句子含义，应该表达“关于涉及400 人”的研究。因此正确选项应为 D6A onB inC atD of【答案】 A【解析】本题为固定搭配。根据句义“ examined the effects

13、 of perceived social support and thereceipt of hugs （6） the participants ” 考查固定搭配 examined the effects onsth此，本题正确选项为A 。7A devotedB attractedC lostD exposed【答案】 D【解析】根据句义“ common cold after being （ 7） to the virus. ” “通常感冒是在。 。 。细菌之后发生的。 ”结合选项含义A devoted （致力于）B attracted （吸引） C lost （丢失）D. exposed（暴

14、露于），D选项“暴露在细菌中 ”符合文意。8A alongB acrossC downD out【答案】 C【解析】本题为固定搭配。A. come along with（和。相处的好）B. come across with （偿付）C come down with （得病，感染） D come out with （出版，提出） ，结合语境，根据后面与cold （感冒）搭配，C选项“得感冒”搭配最为合理。9A imaginedB deniedC doubtedD calculated【答案】 D【解析】本题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题。根据原文“ the researchers（ 9 ） that

15、thestress-reducing effects of hugging （ 10） about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ”动作的主语是“研究人员” ，连接后面的宾语从句“拥抱减小压力的作用” ，并且有数据支撑。从选项含义 A. imagined （想像）B. denied （否认）C. doubted （怀疑）D. calculated （计算，推测）来看，宾语从句部分应为研究人员计算推测出的结果。因此，选项D 符合要求。10A servedB restoredC explainedD required【答案】 C【解析】本题为动词含义考

16、查。根据文章内容， “ the stress-reducing effects of hugging （ 10 ） about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ”本题同样考查研究人员做出的研究结果，因此，结合选项含义 A. served （服务）B. restored （存储）C. explained （解释）D. required （要求） ， C 选项“解释”符合语境要求。11A ThusB StillC RatherD Even【答案】 D【解析】本题为逻辑关系题。 A Thus （因此，表示因果关系）B Still （仍然，表示强调关系）C.

17、 Rather （相反，表示对比关系）D. Even （甚至，表示递进关系）根据文章上下文逻辑， 下文是对上文做进一步说明， 因此选择递进关系比较符合逻辑关系。 D 为正确选项。12A defeatsB symptomsC errorsD tests【答案】 B【解析】 形容词与名词搭配问题。 根据语境 “ the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe （ 12） ”所选词要与severe 构成合理搭配，再结合前文语境是关于对于拥抱实验的结果。因此， B. sym

18、ptoms（症状）符合语境要求。正确选项为B。13A highlightedB increasedC controlledD minimized【答案】 B【解析】本题为形容词修饰。根据原文Hugging protects people who are under stress from the（ 13） risk for colds thats usually （ 14） with stress, ，需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk。在选项中，A. highlighted （突出的）B. increased （增加的）C. controlled （被控制的）D. minimized （最小的

19、），对比选项含义，B “增加的风险”更符合原文语境。14A presentedB equippedC associatedD compared【答案】 C【解析】此题为固定搭配题。A和B选项不可以和 with连接。C. associated可以和with连接，意为“与。 。 。有关联” 。 D compared 和 with 连接表示“和。 。相比”不符合文章要求。因此，本题正确选项为C.15A assessB generateC moderateD record【答案】 B【解析】 此题考查动宾搭配。 根据原文 “ Hugging is a marker of intimacy and he

20、lp （ 15）the feeling，需要选择一个动词能够和后文的the feeling”搭配。分析选项含义：A . assess（评估）B. generate（产生）C. moderate （缓和）D . record （记录），四个选项中，B “generatethe feeling ”产生感觉搭配最为合理。因此正选为 B 。16A in the name ofB in the form ofC in the face ofD in the way of【答案】 C【解析】此题为短语搭配题。分析选项含义A . in the name of （以为名）B . in the form of（

21、以的形式）C. in the face of （面对）D. in the way of （以的方式），结合文章语境，应为“面对困难”搭配最为合理。因此，正确选项为C 。17A attributeB commitC transferD return【答案】 A【解析】此题为固定搭配题。即： attribute sth to sth . 因此正确选项为A 18A unlessB becauseC thoughD until【答案】 B【解析】此题为逻辑关系题。 选项含义A . unless （除非）B. because（因为）C. though （虽 然） D until （直到。 。 。 才）

22、。结合原文语境， “often called the bonding hormone （ 18）it promotes attachment in relationships,（经常被称之为“形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙”.它促进了关系的依赖。 ）从本句来看，前后文属于因果逻辑关系。因此正确选项为 B19A remainsB emergesC vanishesD decreases【答案】 A【解析】本题为动词辨析。选项含义为 A. remains （仍然）B . emerges（出现）C. vanishes （消失）D. decreases （减少）结合语境信息“But some of it （19

23、） in the brain, C和 D 选项跟文章含义相反。而B 选项只表示一种动作。 A 选项表示它仍然在大脑里存在，最符合文章要求，因此正确选项为 A 。where it （ 20） mood, behavior and physiology.20A experiencesB combinesC justifiesD influences【答案】 D【解析】本题为动词辨析。选项含义为 A . experiences（经历）B . combines （结合）C. justifies （替某人辩护，证明合理） D influences （影响） 。根据原文语境， “where it （ 20

24、）mood, behavior and physiology. ”能够搭配后面并列的三个宾语“情绪、行为、和生理” ，只 有 D “影响”因此正确选项为D 。Section n Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （ 40 points ） Text 1First two hours, no

25、w three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash

26、 of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on America

27、ns economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration（TSA） found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures sinc

28、e then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is t

29、hat the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to

30、avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a

31、background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passenger

32、s must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to c

33、ut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned toA explain American s tolerance of curren

34、t security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declini

35、ng efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “ expedited ” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning toA quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program isA a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrong

36、ly-directed implementation.C the government s reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreCheck - a Belated SolutionC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck Lanes答案： 21-

37、25 ACDDC21. 答案【 A 】 explain American s tolerance of current security checks.解析：本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。根据题干关键词 the crash of Egypt AirFlight 804 定位到第二段第二句。例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之前，因此该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的安全检查。正确答案A的Americans tolerance是原文Americansare willing to tolerate 的原词复现， current securit

38、y checks 是原文的 time-consuming security 的同义转化。干扰项B 的 urgency to strengthen security worldwide ，原文未提及 worldwide ， 属于扩大范围； 选项 C 的 major U.S. major airports 属于具体信息的 干扰；选项D 的 privacy 隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰。22. 答案【 C】 An increase in the number of travelers.解析： 本题目为原因细节题。 根据题干中的 long waits at major airports 定位到原文第三段

39、的第二句，原文的 resulted in 与题干中的 contributed to 是同义转化，所以定位内容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正确答案C 的 an increase in thenumber of travelers 是原文 a rise in airline travel 的同义替换。干扰项A 的 carry-onbags是在第四段的最后一句出现的，非定位句内容；选项 B的TSA efficiency也出 现在第四段；选项 D的unexpected secret checks未提及。23. 答案【 D】 faster.解析：本题目为词义句意题，考察上下文逻辑关系。根据题干

40、，定位到第 5 段第 3 句，“ Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes,结合下一句中的这样会 saving time for everyone involved ,即可以节省时间 的安检，与选项对应就是答案D faster 更快。干扰项A 更安静，选项B 更便宜，选项 C 更广泛，都无关，属于常识性干扰。24. 答案【 D】 an unreasonable price for enrollment.解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干关键词 problem with

41、 the PreCheck program 定 位到倒数第二段的第二句话this price tag has been the PreCheck s fatal flaw. 本句中的代词this代词指代本段第一句话，说的是Passengers必须每五年pay 85美元来做background checks 。 正确答案D 中的 unreasonable price 是原文的 85 美元， enrollment就是原文的process background checks。干扰项A其规模的极具下滑未提及，选项 C 其错误的执行属于过度推理，选项C 政府不愿意支持是对原文的曲解。25. 答案【 C

42、】 Getting Stuck in Security Lines解析：本题目为全文主旨题。全文的中心主题出现在第一段和二段首句的范围。第一段介绍事实背景，第二段首句提及了美国人对于安全检查方面的状况，并在下文提及了所出现的问题。正确答案C 安检流程线陷入困境是对原文的总结概括。干扰项A的Screening是原文的具体细节，选项 B和选项D的PreCheck是原文最后三 段的内容。Text 2“ Theancient Hawaiians were astronomers, w” rote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in

43、 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue

44、is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our

45、 planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder o

46、f the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas frag

47、ile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past ； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the ho

48、rizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we ar

49、e, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. TheTMT site was chosen to minimize the telescop

50、e s visibility around the island and to avoidarchaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to

51、 embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani s remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her apprecia

52、tion of star watchers feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due toA its geographical features.B its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly becauseA it may ri

53、sk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today s astronomyA is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread

54、 Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaii ans hostility.30. The author s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.答案： 26-30 BABCD26. 答案【

55、 B 】 the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.解析： 本题目为具体细节题。 根据题干中的关键词 Queen Liliuokalani 的 remark 定位到第一段的第一句，所indicate 的内容是在第一段的第二句话，意思是观星者是在Hawaiian 社会中最受尊重的成员。 正确选项 B 的 the importance of astronomy 是原文 star watchers were among the most esteemed members 的总结概括， in ancient Hawaiian soc

56、iety 是原文的原词出现。干扰项A 的 historical role 属于原文信息的曲解，选项C的 regrettable decline 未提及，过度推理，选项D 不是 in her time ，是她评论 ancient的观星者。27. 答案【 A 】 its geographical features.解析： 本题目为具体细节题。 根据题干中的大写字母Mauna Kea ， 以及关键词 idealastronomical site 定位到第二段But 后面的内容。 But 后面说 Mauna Kea 是世界上最有力量的望远镜home。 本题目问的是原因， 定位到本段最后一句， 这里提到

57、 MaunaKea 的顶峰高于大部分的浓密大气层。选项A 中的 geographical features 就是地质特色的意思，属于同义替换。干扰项B 的受保护的周边环境未提及，是常识性干扰；选项C 的宗教暗示根据本段首句 worship 进行干扰，不在定位句里；选项D 现有的基础设施未提及。28. 答案【 B 】 it reminds them of a humiliating history.解析：本题目属于原因细节题。根据题干关键词 the construction of the TMT 以及 opposed by some locals 定位到第四段第二句，这里提到 a painful

58、 reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation ，对曾经主权国家遭占领的痛苦提醒。选项 B 中的 remind 是原文的原词复现， a humiliating history (令人耻辱的历史)是对 the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation 的同义转化及总结概括。29. 答案【 C】 may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.解析：本题目属于细节推断题。根据题干定位到第 5 段，关键词 progress in t

59、oday s astronomy 再第五段中没有。此种情况下，考虑段落中心，即本段的段首，段尾及转 这句。先看首句无答案，看本段尾句提到，或许那就是我们探索星际空间的原因，好像会回答有关我们自己及我们真正祖先的最原始回答。 选项 C 首先 may 是对原文as if 的解读， uncover 同义替换answer， the origin of Hawaiian culture 是原文 ourselvesand our true ancestral homes的同义转化。干扰项 A的dreams本段中没有，干扰项 B 的 Hawaiian culture 本段有提及， 但未指出 across t

60、he world ， 干扰项 D 的 soften hostility 属于过度推断。30. 答案【 D】 full approval解析：第一段第二句 Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. 意思是，可悲的是， 夏威夷现在的天文学不太妙。 所以， 对于现在夏威夷天文学不太妙的处境，作者用了一个sadly 来形容， 明明白白地表达了他的蓝瘦香菇。 而夏威夷现在不太妙的处境具体指什么？在下一句清楚地说明了 Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter T

61、elescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos 意思是我们要搞个巨牛的望远镜， 你们居然不同意！ 所 以两句结合一块，作者的态度就明白了，他是支持建望远镜的。在最后一段的最后一句里也有作者态度的线索There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed onMauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars. 意思是说有人跑

62、到你 们那儿去，接受你们的文化遗产，去看星星看月亮，你们为毛不欢迎？咳咳，正经点儿说，就是用了 no reason和cannot双重否定既强调又强调，还带点儿不可置信地赶脚说夏威夷人应该欢迎每一个到他们那儿去研究天文，并且欣赏他们的文化遗产cultural heritage的每一个人 everyone。具体到这篇文章，他们的文化遗产在第五段 和第一段都有说，就是天文研究，而每一个人当然应该包括这些想建天文望远镜的人。所以作者的态度旗帜鲜明，就是全力支持。所以正确答案是D 。Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures “ everythingexcept that which makes li fe worthwhile. W” ith Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over ha