初中英语被动语态复习课件

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1、Passive voice被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，时，谓语的形式是谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的。当句子的主语是动作的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由助动词。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出表现出来。来。be + Vp.p(动词的过去分词）动词的过去分词）1)be 动词可以随时态人称的变化而动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化变化am/ is / are + V(过去分词）过去分词）was/ were+ V(过去分词）过去分词）will be

2、 + V(过去分词）过去分词）情态动词情态动词+ be + V (过去分词）过去分词）1.1.规则动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词：1)1)一般情况在动词原形后一般情况在动词原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不发音以不发音e e结尾的加结尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以辅音加以辅音加y y结尾的，去结尾的，去y y变变i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.

3、不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogoneHe plants trees in spring. 主谓宾(受动者)Treesare planted byhimin spring.改为被动语态His brother washes bowls every day.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Bowls are washed byhis brother every day.1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by

4、them) in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is /are +过去分词过去分词2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般过去时：一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词过去分词Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.3Amy can take good care of Gina G

5、ina can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成 1）一般现在时：一般现在时：You are invited to do this.2）一般过去时：一般过去时：The story was told by her.3）一般将来时：一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.4)情态动词：情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over the

6、re.时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般现在一般现在时时V(原形原形)/ V(e)sam/is/are +Vpp一般过去一般过去时时V-ed/ madewas/were +Vpp一般将来一般将来时时will +V(原形原形) will+ be +Vpp含情态动含情态动词词情态动词情态动词+ V(原形原形)情态动词情态动词+ be +Vpp各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/is /are +P.PS+wa

7、s/were +P.P.S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.S+ will+be+ P.P.S+ am/is/are + being + P.P.S+ have/has + been+ P.P.S+ was/were+being+ P.P.三、汉语中含有三、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有有人说人说”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众

8、所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that 何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？ 一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。 四、汉语中含有四、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词

9、时。例如：例如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫来的。叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989 几种特殊结构几种特殊结构1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday2.We often hear him play guitarI was given a gift on my birthdayA gift was given to me on my birthday.He is often heard to pl

10、ay guitar注意：注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at等动词等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带；但改成被动语态后必须带to。1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _

11、 twice a month. are usedarecleaned(变被动语态）变被动语态）3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people

12、can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used1)Teenagers should _ (allow) to go out at night.2)The telephone _ (invent) by Bell.3) English _ (speak) in China.4) The car _ (make) in China.5) The room must _ (clean) every day. be allowedwas inventedis sp

13、oken is madebe cleaned表示主语的属性特征表示主语的属性特征well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。 read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washe

14、dBC主动式表被动义主动式表被动义,且和句子的主且和句子的主语语(或宾语或宾语)构成动宾关系时构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy,safe,The fish is not fit _(eat)We find English is hard _ (learn)The article is difficult _ (understand).to eatto learnto understand,与被修饰的名词构成动与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系宾关系,又和该句主

15、语又和该句主语(或宾语或宾语)构成主谓关系时构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。I have a lot of homework _(do)Ill give him some books _ (read)to doto read表示状态特征的表示状态特征的连系动词连系动词+adj./n.,用用主主动式表被动义动式表被动义。4表示状态特征的表示状态特征的连系动词连系动词+adj./n.,用用主动式表主动式表被动义被动义。 (look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,.)The steel feels cold5 表示表示“开始

16、、结束、运动开始、结束、运动”的动词的动词用主动式表用主动式表被动义。被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,.)The shop opens at 6 am. every day表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被用主动式表被动义动义6. 作作“需要需要”讲的讲的want/need/require后后接接动名词作宾语时，用动名词作宾语时，用主动式主动式表被动义；表被动义；当然也可接当然也可接不定式的被动式不定式的被动式作宾语作宾语。Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed