英语专业语言学毕业论文PragmaticFunctionsofEnglishAbbreviationsandTheirInfiltrationonChinese

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1、毕业论文Pragmatic Functions of English Abbreviations and Their Infiltration on Chinese 毕业论文Pragmatic Functions of English Abbreviations and Their Infiltration on Chinese CONTENTSABSTRACTI摘 要III. INTRODUCTION1II. LITERATURE REVIEW32.1 The Origin of the English Abbreviations32.1.1 The Objective World Fact

2、or32.1.2 The Subjective World Factor42.1.3 Language World Factor42.2 The Constitution of the English Abbreviations42.2.1 Acronym52.2.2 Clipping Words52.2.3 Blending Words6III. PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF ENGLISH ABBREVIATIONS83.1 Succinctness83.2 Eye-catching83.3 Highly Descriptive93.4 Rhetorical Functio

3、n9IV. INFILTRATION OF ENGLISH ABBREVIATIONS IN CHINESE124.1 The Characteristics of English Abbreviations in Chinese124.1.1 Large Quantity; Wide Extent124.1.2 Productivity; Serialization134.2 The Constitution of English Abbreviation in Chinese134.2.1 Pure English Abbreviation Type134.2.2 Transliterat

4、ion in English Abbreviation Type134.2.3 Chinese and English Mixed Abbreviation Type144.2.4 Pure Pinyin Abbreviation Type14V. CONCLUSION15NOTES16REFERENCES17ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS18ABSTRACTEnglish abbreviations play a very important role in our daily life. The paper based on the formers search findings to

5、introduce the four main pragmatic functions of English abbreviations, the infiltration of English abbreviations on the Chinese language and their misuse. The purpose is to awaken readers to the problem of dealing with the relationship between the infiltration of English abbreviations and the purific

6、ation of the Chinese language.Key words: English abbreviation; pragmatic function; Chinese; infiltration摘 要英语缩略词在我们的日常生活中扮演着十分重要的角色。通过总结前人对英语缩略语的研究以及作者自己的探索，本文着重介绍英语缩略词的四大语用功能以及英语缩略词对汉语的全方位渗透及其在汉语中的误用和滥用,目的是使读者意识到,处理好英语缩略词的借用并纯洁我们本民族的语言。关键词：英语缩略词；语用功能；汉语；渗透II吉林建筑大学外国语学院毕业论文I. INTRODUCTIONThe English

7、 abbreviation is a common linguistic phenomenon and it is one of the important areas of linguistic research. And in Chinese has also aroused more and more attention in China and has been the hot topic in the research area of language contact. It appears a large number of abbreviations in the English

8、 vocabulary in lately 20 years. With the development of economy, the leap of science and technology and the change of social life, quick and concise language are necessary for our daily life. As to achieve saving time, improving work efficiency, using acronyms to replace the original word is relativ

9、ely common, and it is very necessary. The use of abbreviations is focused and save space, so that the limited space contains a large amount of information, thus disseminating the information effectively. So the study of abbreviation is very meaningful and necessary.Many scholars studied English abbr

10、eviation in the past few years, and they got some search findings. Some of the references studied on English abbreviation and its development. Wang rongpei think that abbreviation is syllable of the word to be omitted or simplified to produce words. According to the searching by Saussure, an acronym

11、 is a word formed from the initial letters of a name, such as WAC for Womens Army Corps, or by combining initial letters or parts of a series of words, such as radar for radio detecting and ranging. Xie advocated that the constitution of the English abbreviation include: Acronym, Clipping, and Blend

12、ing. Yu Fulin indicated before the 1940s, the number of English abbreviation only a little, but with the birth of the first all-electronic digital computer English abbreviation increases. There are some researches on function of English abbreviation and its influence. Shen interprets from three aspe

13、cts the expressible function of abbreviations: simplicity, fashion, vivid. Wang Lu and Wang Peng observed some pragmatic functions about the phenomenon: concise, vivid, descriptive, rhetoric and extensive in usage. These characteristics of acronyms in Chinese are also agreed with by Lin Qing and Yan

14、g Feng. We can see that making discourse concise, novel and euphemistic is pragmatic function of acronyms unanimously recognized by many researchers. And some other references research on their infiltration on Chinese. Saussure put forward English abbreviation is a mirror of west social language dev

15、elopment. Chen Xiaoning mentioned “the infiltration of English abbreviation on Chinese everywhere, for example SARS, e-mail, ATM.” In order to make full use of English abbreviations and enrich our Chinese, in the article Pragmatic Advantages of Acronyms in Chinese Magazines. Lin Qing points out that

16、 English abbreviation used in newspaper and magazine widely, just like CEO. But these results of the searching have limitation. It is only the part of the English abbreviation. As all these references are stated above, the writer introduces the four main pragmatic functions of English abbreviation i

17、ncluding: Succinctness, Eye-catching, Highly descriptive and Rhetorical function. Also, on the basis of these references, the author summarized the infiltration of English abbreviation on Chinese divided four types: Pure English abbreviation type, Transliteration in English abbreviation type, Chines

18、e and English mixed abbreviation type, Pure Pinyin abbreviated type. II. LITERATURE REVIEWIn this chapter, writer will introduce the origin of English abbreviations and the constitution of English abbreviation. These are basics of the English abbreviations.2.1 The Origin of the English Abbreviations

19、 Abbreviated words appeared early in the ancient Greek, and at that time, they were often used on coins, bandages and steles. But it is in recent years that the abbreviated words developed and accumulated. Acronyms in English firstly appeared in 1943 and later increased at such an amazingly high spe

20、ed that only in the short space of the years from 1943 to 1965, more than 45,000,000 new abbreviated words emerged. In 1972, E.T. Crowley and his collaborators compiled “Acronyms and Initializes Dictionary” This dictionary has a total collection of 80,000 abbreviated words, and soon added up to 120,

21、000 words. At present, the largest collection of abbreviation came up to 260,000words. Before the 1940s, the number of English abbreviation only a little, but with the birth of the first all-electronic digital computer at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States, English abbreviation incr

22、eases1. Abbreviation is a common linguistic phenomenon in the world today. But the abbreviation of English is in a marginal position in foreign country for a long time, which is not commensurate with the rapid development of the abbreviations. In the late twentieth century, western scholars began to

23、 use cognitive linguistics, computer linguistics and psychological linguistics on the English abbreviations in-depth study, and prove the abbreviation to the value of linguistics research.Especially in recent 20 years is the fastest 20 years of English abbreviation growing. The main causes of Englis

24、h contractions are the following: 2.1.1 The Objective World FactorsWith the fast development of national economies, the rapid progress of science and technology, and the rapid changes in the social life, all require fast, simple language to reflect the complexity of new things and social phenomena.

25、Abbreviation appears more and more in all areas of human life, because abbreviations can be used less information and space to express the original meaning of the words. Social development, especially the rapid development of science and technology on the widespread application of abbreviations has

26、been the extremely vital role. 2.1.2 The Subjective World FactorsWith psychology of people who ask briefness, Anderson, Cognitive psychologist, thinks information processing ability of people is limited. In order to effectively deal with complex communication, people need to have some abilities to s

27、how the subject initiative, such as, summary and simplification of the information, organization of the strategy. The communication of modern social information are more and more frequent, so that this requires more and more economic information carrier which can use the most succinct information sy

28、mbol transfer as much information as possible. The rich meaning of letters abbreviation just meet the peoples need for briefness psychology.With peoples new psychological and the arrival of the economic society, in order to adapt yourself to the competitive society, people began to consciously care

29、what happened around the world and to absorb new information initiatively. English abbreviations represent new things, new honored, new information of letters abbreviations, such as PK (play kill, against / challenge), ATM (automatic teller machine, automatic teller machines), etc. It is easy to be

30、accepted and used by people. 2.1.3 Language World FactorsVarious elements in the language, vocabulary is the most volatile factor in the language, which is liquid rather than solid. The development of modern English vocabulary, on the one hand, is a big increase in the number of new words, on the ot

31、her hand is increasingly cohesive simplified. The French linguists A.Martinet had also proposed “language economic” principle. He points out that the communication and expressions are always in the dynamic changing, and more, newer, more characteristics of the language units will emerge. But as the

32、people whose performances show inertia in all aspects of daily life, it requires us to minimize consumption in speech, and use the abbreviation with the habits we familiar and a small amount of language unit.2.2 The Constitution of the English AbbreviationsEnglish is alphabetic writing and its abbre

33、viation is mainly composed by letters, so there is to study the structure mode of modern English abbreviations.2.2.1 Acronym Acronym is to put every word or initial of the words or phases extract and constitute into a new word. 2.2.1.1 AcronymAcronym is proposed by in each word or the first letter o

34、f the words or phrases (sometimes also can include other letters) and coagulation and combined into a new word. e.g.:AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeDINKdouble income no kidsEECEuropean Economic CommunityGPSGlobal Positioning SystemIELTSthe International English Language Testing SystemIMFInte

35、rnational Monetary FundLASERLight Amplification by Stimulated Emission of RadiationPCpersonal computerPE physical educationSARSSevere Acute Respiratory SyndromeThese letters should be written to capital letters. And they are very convenient to write.2.2.1.2 Semi-AcronymSemi-Acronym is a special kind

36、 of initials. Generally, it is consists by the first letter of the first word and the whole second word. e.g.: G-manGovernment manH-bombhydrogen bombN-bombnuclear bombVJDayVictory over Japan DayAll these examples are written to one capital letter add the head-word. And prove that the acronym of the

37、English abbreviation is very simple eye-caching and vivid. 2.2.2 Clipping Words Clipping words is a part of one single word or the first word of phrase as a new whole word, or the abbreviated phrase. The motivation of the Clipping words is wood and affix, usually keep the root in the thumbnail.2.2.2

38、.1 Front Clippings It is omit the prefixes of the original word, and retain its root. e.g.: busomnibus cellovioloncellochuteparachute copterhelicoptercoonraccoon netinternetphonetelephone quakeearthquakescope telescope vancaravanThese words omit the front of the word. It is convenient to write and r

39、emember.2.2.2.2 Back ClippingsIt is omit the suffix of the original word, and retain its root. e.g.:demodemonstration discodiscothequedormdormitory examexaminationgasgasoline gymgymnasiumhippohippopotamus lablaboratorymemomemorandum mountmountainProf.professor telecomtelecommunicationThese words omi

40、t the back of the word. It is convenient to write and remember.2.1.1.1 Front and Back ClippingsIt is omit the head part and the tail part of the word. e.g.:fluinfluenza jamspajamasscriptprescription tecdetective Clipping word is a part of the word, so it is not only easy to writing but also easy to

41、remember.2.2.3 Blending WordsIt is connect part of a word to part of another word as a new word. e.g.:sitcomsituation comedy ChunnelChannel Tunnelmotelmotor hotel paratroopsparachute troopsworkfarework welfare newscastnews broadcastsociobiologysociology biologybrunchbreakfast lunchlidarlight radarsm

42、ogsmoke fogBlending words make two words into one word. It is save space and time.This chapter proves that the formation of English abbreviation is consequent. It is a product of the social development. If people learn to master the abbreviations in the composition rules and basic requirements, we c

43、an not only correctly use abbreviations but also can create a much-needed correct abbreviation in necessary. The abbreviation will have life as long as the abbreviations are reasonable simplified.III. PRAGMATIC FUNCTION OF ENGLISH ABBREVIATIONSBecause of the simple and easy to remember English abbre

44、viation has strong vitality. In fact, there are quite a part of English abbreviation is common for us and people no longer use its full name, such as a.m., p.m., Mr, Mrs, UFO, PPA, SOS etc. In todays rapidly evolving information society, lengthy and complex words will be replaced by concise English

45、abbreviation. For example, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, people usually use AIDS in the daily life, such expression both simple and easy to remember. Compared with the English full name the English abbreviation has its unique pragmatic function.3.1 Succinctness In this part, there are two exa

46、mples to explain this function. e.g.: 1) She is in bed with flu. 她感冒了卧病在床。2) The province has registered 134 HIV carriers, most of whom were blood donors infected by contaminated needles.Abbreviations flu word influenza, the 3 letters are instead of the 9 letters. HIV human immunodeficiency virus, t

47、he 3 letters are instead of the 26letters. In this way, writing, speaking speed is greatly accelerated.3.2 Eye-catchingThe capital letter is eye-catching and there are many uppercase in the abbreviations. For example, capital M of McDonalds fast food and the KFC of Kentucky Fried Chicken are both ey

48、e-catching and catchy-hook for not only Chinese but also westerner. The visual effects will be reducing greatly if they are written the full name McDonalds and Kentucky Fried Chicken.BMW and FIAI respectively refers to “宝马” and “菲亚特”. They are originating from German “Bayerishe Motoren Werk” and Ita

49、lian “Fabrica Italiana Automobile Torino”. It is difficult to remember if use the full name.3.3 Highly Descriptive“Some English abbreviations have strong descriptive especially in the trademark, and from itself can be seen the product types and performance.” 2 e.g.:Coolmintcool + peppermintExercycle

50、 exercise + bicycleLiteklight + tekSkiniceskin + niceVodaphonevoice + data + phoneThe above abbreviation trademarks, the performance of “cool”, “nice” stand vividly revealed on the paper. And the types of products “cycle”, “light”, “phone” are more evident.3.4 Rhetorical Function“There are some rema

51、rkable features of English abbreviation: humor, pun, metonymy, euphemism, ridicule, parody.” 3 3.4.1 HumorGASP is the abbreviation of the Greater Alliance to the Stop Pollution, and the meaning of gasp is “breath”. So the GASP make the people associate a scene that human breathing hardly in the case

52、 of air pollution scenarios. It is humorous and containing the tragic effect.There is another example, a trademark of the eyeglass company in American called OIC. We can see these three letters look as if a pair of glasses, when we read the three letters just like say “oh, I see”. It is a really cla

53、ssical trademark. Not only the visualization but also the homophonic are really appropriate. No wonder the glasses so popular.3.4.2 PunU.S.A companies such as IBM and MOTOROLA jointly developed a computer chip, which the English name is the Power-PC. And someone translate it into a powerful PC chips

54、, which the Power is actually the acronym form of Performance Optimized With Enhanced Risc that means to achieve optimal performance with Enhanced RISC Technology. So the role of power is pun.3.4.3 Euphemism“English has a considerable number of tables and tactful abbreviations. These abbreviations a

55、re both let each other know what the meaning and do not stimulate each other to substitute less bluntly with saying more mildly subtle argument.” 4 e.g.:1) I seem to meet nothing but the B-girl here.2) The daughter reassured him: Do not worry, dad, I told every man who gave me a lift that I was goin

56、g to San Francisco because there are the best VD clinics.In two examples stated above. “B-girl is the abbreviation of the bar girl.”and “VDvenereal disease”. So that abbreviation words avoid the embarrassment.3.4.4 RidiculeIBM is the acronym of the International Business Machines Corporation. XiuLia

57、n Li from Taiwan shows that Taiwanese gave her an IBMs title, meaning International Big Mouth.As another example, CAAC is the acronym of the Civil Aviation Administration of China. Because of the CAAC always delay and cancel the flights, some foreigners called the CAAC means China Airline Always Can

58、cel.3.4.5 Parody“Some English abbreviations emerge as the times require by parody.” 5 IQ is a very familiar acronym for us and there are a large number of similar abbreviations though parody. e.g.:CQ创造商 creation quotientEQ情商 emotional quotientLQ爱商 love quotientMQ心商 mental quotientPQ个性指数 personality

59、quotientSQ刺激商数 stimulation quotientWith the use of the computer, the acronym of “e” family also produces a large number. e.g.:e-cash电子现金 electronic cashe-commerce电子商务 electronic commercee-money电子货币 electronic moneye-payment电子支付 electronic paymente-tailing电子零售 electronic retailinge-zine电子杂志 electroni

60、c magazineThis chapter gives many examples for the different kinds of the abbreviation words. All this forms are sated above, not only easy for write and remember, but also have fashion shape. With the rapidly developing information, a long and complicated word will inevitably be replaced by concise

61、 abbreviation to make the expression simple and easy to remember. In fact, the abbreviation of English does have more unique language functions than the English full name. This chapter proves the reason.IV. INFILTRATION OF ENGLISH ABBREVIATIONS IN CHINESEReform and opening make frequent contact betw

62、een our country and western developed countries. In the last few years, with the continuous improvement of English status in our eyes, we can see English abbreviations everywhere. The CCTV is oncoming firstly when you watching TV. Also you can see “England VS France” if you often watching football g

63、ame. The advertising words in GanKang contains “no PPA” you can heard many times, as for the English abbreviations in newspaper and network are more numerous.4.1 The characteristics of English abbreviations in Chinese There are four characteristics of English abbreviations in Chinese:4.1.1 Large quantity; wide extentModern Chinese Standard Dictionary included 100 English abbre