人教课标高一必修2Unit4

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1、(一一) 基本单词基本单词1. _ n. 损失损失; 遗失遗失; 丧失丧失2. _ vt. & vi. 打猎打猎; 猎取猎取; 搜寻搜寻3. _ n. 减轻或解除减轻或解除; 减轻痛苦的事减轻痛苦的事物物4. _ n. 仁慈仁慈; 宽恕宽恕; 怜悯怜悯losshuntreliefmercy5. _ adj. 确定的确定的; 某一某一; 一定一定6. _ vt. 包含包含; 容纳容纳; 容忍容忍7. _ vt. 影响影响; 感动感动; 侵袭侵袭8. _ n. & vt. 损害损害; 危害危害9. _ vt. & vi. 咬咬; 叮叮; 刺痛刺痛10. _ n. 事件事件; 事变事变certain

2、containaffectharmbiteincident(二二) 派生单词派生单词11. _ vt. & vi. 减少减少; (使使)变小变小 _vt. 增加增加12. _ vi. 回答回答; 响应响应; 做出反做出反应应 _ n. 回答回答; 响应响应13. _ vi. 成功成功 vt. 接替接替; 继任继任 _ n. 成功成功 _ adj. 成功的成功的decreaseincreaserespondresponsesucceedsuccesssuccessful14. _ vt. 雇用雇用; 利用利用 _ n. 利用利用; 雇用雇用 _ n. 雇员雇员 _ n. 雇主雇主15. _ vt

3、. 检查检查; 视察视察 _ n. 检查检查; 视察视察employemploymentemployeeemployerinspectinspection(三三) 短语短语1. 灭亡灭亡; 逐渐消失逐渐消失2. 和平地和平地; 和睦地和睦地; 安祥地安祥地3. 在危险中在危险中; 垂危垂危4. 如释重负如释重负; 松了口气松了口气5. 保护保护.不受不受.(危害危害)6. 注意注意7. 形成形成; 产生产生8. 按照按照; 根据根据.所说所说die outin peacein dangerin reliefprotect frompay attention tocome into beinga

4、ccording to(四四) 句式句式It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but Id like to help as the WWF suggests. 1. certain adj. 确定的确定的; 某一某一; 一定一定【归纳归纳】 certain 作形容词，意为作形容词，意为“确定的，无疑确定的，无疑的的”，常作表语；也可作前置定语，意为，常作表语；也可作前置定语，意为“某一，某种某一，某种”。常用结构如下：常用结构如下：be certain of 对对有把握有把握be certain to do sth. 肯定肯定/确定做确

5、定做be certain that . 肯定肯定/确定确定/确信确信make certain that . 弄明白，弄清楚弄明白，弄清楚make certain of sth. / doing sth. 确保（做某事）确保（做某事）It is certain that . 是肯定是肯定/确定的。确定的。【辨析辨析】 certain & surecertain 与与 sure 都可表示都可表示“肯定的，确定肯定的，确定的的”，都可作表语。但，都可作表语。但certain还有还有“某一，某一，某种某种”之意，可作前置定语修饰名词，而之意，可作前置定语修饰名词，而sure无此用法。此外无此用法。此外

6、certain可用于可用于It is certain that . 结构中，而结构中，而sure则常用人作主则常用人作主语。如：语。如：Theyre sure / certain to be late.It was certain that they would be late.Im sure hell manage it.2. relief n. (痛苦或忧虑的痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除减轻或解除; 减轻痛苦的事物减轻痛苦的事物【归纳归纳】 in relief 如释重负如释重负; 松了口气松了口气 (much) to ones relief 使某人使某人感到感到宽慰宽慰/庆幸的是庆幸的是 fe

7、el a sense of relief 如释重负如释重负 (much) to ones relief使人宽慰的使人宽慰的 what a relief 真叫人宽慰，这样大家就放心了。真叫人宽慰，这样大家就放心了。 3. contain vt. 包含包含; 容纳容纳; 克制克制(强烈的感情强烈的感情等等); 抑制抑制【归纳归纳】 contain “包含包含, 含有含有, 容纳容纳, 里面装有里面装有”, 指的是包含的全部内容或容量指的是包含的全部内容或容量, 也可指也可指里面所含的成分里面所含的成分, 不用于进行时态。不用于进行时态。 include “包含包含”, “连连.在内在内, 计入计入

8、, 算算入入, 包括包括”, 用于表示所包含之物中的一用于表示所包含之物中的一部分部分, 其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。【即时应用】【即时应用】用用contain/include的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1) My mother was unable to _ her anger.2) The bottle _ two glasses of beer.3) The health club _ a gym, a swimming pool and a locker room.4) The whole book _ 12 units, _ two tests.c

9、ontaincontains includescontainsincluding4. affect vt. 影响影响; 感动感动; 侵袭侵袭【归纳归纳】 affect sb. to tears 把某人感动得掉泪把某人感动得掉泪 be greatly affected 很受感动很受感动 be affected with high fever 发高烧发高烧 have an effect on/upon . 对对.有影响有影响【辨析辨析】 affect / effect / influence这三个词都可表示这三个词都可表示“影响影响”，但略有区别：，但略有区别： affect作动词，多指外来的行为

10、、作用等产作动词，多指外来的行为、作用等产生的影响，侧重指消极影响，主语通常是物而生的影响，侧重指消极影响，主语通常是物而不是人。不是人。如：如：Their opinion will not affect my decision. effect作名词，侧重影响的结果，常用于作名词，侧重影响的结果，常用于have a good / bad effect on / upon sth. / sb.结构中。结构中。如：如：This had a great effect on the future of both mother and son. influence通常指通过劝说、榜样或行为，通常指通过劝

11、说、榜样或行为，间接地、无形地、潜移默化地影响某人的间接地、无形地、潜移默化地影响某人的思想或行为。作动词时，宾语通常是表示思想或行为。作动词时，宾语通常是表示人、思想、性格、行为等的名词；作名词人、思想、性格、行为等的名词；作名词时，后常接含时，后常接含on，upon，over，with等的等的介词短语。也可指自然力的影响。介词短语。也可指自然力的影响。如：如：A teacher has great influence over his pupils.【温馨提示温馨提示】 affect 只能用作动词，除了只能用作动词，除了“影响影响”之意，还可以引申为之意，还可以引申为“感动，感感动，感染染

12、”；而；而 effect 用作名词，着重影用作名词，着重影响的结果，多用于短语响的结果，多用于短语 have an effect on，意为，意为“影响影响”。【即时应用即时应用】用用affect/effect的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。(1) Staying up too late will have a bad _ on your health.(2) The boy was absorbed in reading without being _ by the noise outside.effectaffected5. appreciate v. 鉴赏鉴赏; 感激感激; 意识到意识到

13、【归纳归纳】 appreciate 作动词，意为作动词，意为“欣赏，鉴赏；欣赏，鉴赏；感谢，感激感谢，感激”。 作作“欣赏，鉴赏欣赏，鉴赏”讲时，其后常接名讲时，其后常接名词或代词作宾语。如：词或代词作宾语。如：You cant really appreciate foreign literature in translation. 作作“感谢，感激感谢，感激”讲时，后面可接名词、讲时，后面可接名词、代词、动词代词、动词-ing形式（或其复合结构）以及形式（或其复合结构）以及宾语从句。宾语从句。如：如：I appreciate your / you making the effort to c

14、ome.I dont appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen.I appreciate what youve done for me. sb. + would appreciate it if . 意为意为“如果如果某人将不胜感激某人将不胜感激”。如：如：He would appreciate it if you could do him that favor.【词义辨析词义辨析】 appreciate & thankappreciate与与thank都可表示都可表示“感谢感谢”，但，但是用法上有区别。是用法上有区别。appre

15、ciate后接表示后接表示“物物”的名词；的名词；thank后接后接“人人”，常用，常用于于thank sb.或或thank sb. for (doing) sth.。如：。如：We really appreciate everything youve done for our daughter.I havent had a chance to thank him yet.6. succeed vi. 成功成功; 继承继承 vt. 接替接替; 继任继任【归纳拓展归纳拓展】 succeed (in) doing sth. 成功成功. succeed to sth. 继承继承. succeed s

16、b. as . 接替某人成为接替某人成为. success n. U 成功成功; 成就成就 C 成功的人或事物成功的人或事物 successful adj. 成功的成功的 successfully adv. 成功地成功地【辨析辨析】 succeed in & succeed with这两个短语都可表示这两个短语都可表示“成功地做成功地做.”。其区。其区别是别是: 以成功的人作主语时用以成功的人作主语时用succeed in; 以以事物作主语时用事物作主语时用succeed with。例如。例如:He has succeeded in the attempt.The attempt succee

17、ded with him.他的那次尝试成功了。他的那次尝试成功了。【即时应用即时应用】选用上述词汇完成下列情景。选用上述词汇完成下列情景。To tell the truth, I used not to be a _ in communicating with others. But later I went to a night school and _ learning some social skills. Then I was _ in making friends with many young people. Actually its not difficult to _ impr

18、oving yourself.successsucceeded (in)successfulsucceed (in)7. employ vt. 雇用雇用; 利用利用(时间时间/精力等精力等)【归纳归纳】 be employed in . 忙于忙于. employ . as . 把把.用作用作. employ oneself on . 从事于从事于.; 时间花在时间花在. employ oneself (in) doing sth. 从事于或忙于某事从事于或忙于某事 employ sb. to do sth. 雇某人做某事雇某人做某事【即时练习即时练习】After two years _ (失业

19、失业), he has just _ (被雇用被雇用) by a big company. To be a good _ (员工员工), he _ (花费花费) all his spare time in learning about new things about the company. Soon he is promoted by his _ (雇主雇主).unemploymentbeen employedemployeeemploysemployer8. mercy n. 仁慈仁慈; 宽恕宽恕; 怜悯怜悯【归纳归纳】 mercy 作名词，其常见用法如下：作名词，其常见用法如下： 意为

20、意为“怜悯，饶恕，宽恕怜悯，饶恕，宽恕”。常用短。常用短语：语：beg for mercy 恳请宽恕，乞怜恳请宽恕，乞怜 have mercy on sb. / show mercy to sb. 对某人表示怜悯对某人表示怜悯without mercy 无情地无情地at the mercy of . 任凭任凭摆布或控制，对摆布或控制，对无能为力无能为力 意为意为“幸运，恩惠幸运，恩惠”。常用句型：。常用句型：Its a mercy (that) . 幸运的是幸运的是。如：。如：Its a mercy that the accident happened so near the hospital

21、.【拓展拓展】 merciless adj. 毫不怜悯的，无情的，残毫不怜悯的，无情的，残忍的忍的merciful adj. 仁慈的，慈悲的仁慈的，慈悲的1. die out 灭亡灭亡; 逐渐消失逐渐消失【拓展拓展】 die away (声音声音/光线光线/风声等风声等)逐渐消失逐渐消失 die down (火火/情绪情绪/风暴等风暴等)由强变弱由强变弱/熄熄灭灭/平静下来平静下来 die off (动动/植物等植物等)相继死亡相继死亡; (草木等草木等)枯枯死死 be dying for . 很想要很想要; 渴望渴望.【即时应用】【即时应用】 用适当的介用适当的介/副词填空。副词填空。(1)

22、 As the region is becoming hotter, this kind of grass is dying _.(2) Their chatter and laughter died _ as the group rushed out of the classroom.(3) When all the guests had left, the whole house died _.(4) We need to take action before all the endangered animals die _.offawaydownout2. protect . from

23、保护保护.不受不受.(危害危害)【拓展拓展】 prevent . (from) . 阻止阻止.做做. stop . (from) . 阻止阻止.做做. keep . (from) . 阻止阻止.做做. under ones protection = under the protection of sb. 受某人保护受某人保护【温馨提示】【温馨提示】prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth. 阻阻止某人做某事止某人做某事, 在在 prevent / stop . from doing sth. 中的中的from在主动句中可以省略在主动句中可以省略, 而在被

24、动句中不可省略。而在被动句中不可省略。keep . from doing sth. 中的中的from在任何情况下都不能在任何情况下都不能省略。省略。3. pay attention to 注意注意; 关注关注.【拓展拓展】 draw / attract / catch attention to . 引起某人的注意引起某人的注意 turn ones attention to 把注意力转移到把注意力转移到 . fix / focus / concentrate ones attention on / upon 注意力集中在注意力集中在 . devote ones attention to 把注意力

25、放在把注意力放在 .4. come into being 形成形成; 产生产生【拓展拓展】 come into existence 开始存在开始存在; 形成形成; 产生产生 come into fashion 开始流行开始流行; 风靡风靡 come into effect 生效生效 come into sight / view 看得见看得见 come into office 就职就职 come into power 当权当权; 执政执政 come into use / service 开始被使用开始被使用【温馨提示】【温馨提示】 come into being 是不及物动词短语是不及物动词短语

26、, 无被无被动形式动形式, 也不用于进行时态。也不用于进行时态。【即时应用】【即时应用】 完成句子。完成句子。(1) No one knows when such a custom _ (形成形成).(2) A new rule will soon _ (生效生效).came into beingcome into effect5. in peace 和睦地；安静地，平静地和睦地；安静地，平静地【拓展拓展】 in danger 在危险中在危险中in relief 如释重负如释重负in order 状态良好状态良好in silence 沉默沉默in power 执政执政in progress 在

27、进行中在进行中in surprise 惊讶地惊讶地6. in danger (of)【归纳归纳】 in danger 意为意为“在危险中，处境危险在危险中，处境危险” ；in danger of 意为意为“有有的危险，坏事的危险，坏事或不快之事发生的可能性或不快之事发生的可能性”，其后接名词、，其后接名词、代词或动词代词或动词-ing形式（短语）。形式（短语）。【拓展拓展】 out of danger 脱离危险。如：脱离危险。如：The doctor said that the patient was out of danger. It shows the importance of wild

28、life protection, but Id like to help as the WWF suggests. as 在句中引导方式状语从句在句中引导方式状语从句, 意为意为“按照按照, 如如同同”。Do as I say! 按我说的去做！按我说的去做！When in Rome, do as Romans do.入乡随俗。入乡随俗。 (在罗马时就要像罗马人那样做。在罗马时就要像罗马人那样做。)as 作连词的其他用法：作连词的其他用法： 当当.时候时候; 一面一面.一面一面; 随着随着(引导引导时间状语从句时间状语从句) 因为因为; 既然既然(引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句) 尽管尽管ad

29、v. 同样地同样地; 例如例如; 被认为被认为prep. 作为作为; 如同如同conj. 因为因为; 像像; 当当 . 之时之时; 像像 . 一样一样; 结果结果; 尽管尽管They sang songs as they were doing farm work.他们一边干农活他们一边干农活, 一边唱歌。一边唱歌。As the wage of the job was low, there were few applicants for it.因为工资低因为工资低, 没有什么人申请这份工作。没有什么人申请这份工作。Intelligent as she is, she works very har

30、d.(= Although she is clever .)尽管聪明尽管聪明, 她还是很努力。她还是很努力。【温馨提示】【温馨提示】as 意为意为“尽管尽管”时时, 须将表语须将表语/状语等提前状语等提前, 其其他成分保持陈述语序他成分保持陈述语序; 名词提前时名词提前时, 去掉冠词。去掉冠词。Child as he was, he knew a lot.(= Although he was a child .)虽然是个孩子虽然是个孩子, 但他懂得很多。但他懂得很多。I. 选用方框内合适的短语并用其适当形式填空。选用方框内合适的短语并用其适当形式填空。1. The marriage law f

31、irst _ in 1950.2. He saved up his money _ he could go to New Zealand for his summer holiday.came into being so thatin peace die out according to so that come into being3. If everything goes _ their plan, they will be able to afford to open a store in 2 years.4. They simply cant seem to live _ with e

32、ach other.5. Many more species are expected to _ unless we do something to help. according toin peace die outII. 根据括号内汉语提示补全下列句子。根据括号内汉语提示补全下列句子。1. I _ (将不胜感激将不胜感激) if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.2. She _ (对这些对这些 问题作了答复问题作了答复) and then announced the end of the

33、meeting. 3. Scientists claim they _ (已成功已成功) finding a way to fight the disease.would appreciate it responded to these questionshave succeeded in 4. I _ (确切地知道确切地知道) that opportunities belong to those who are always ready.5. Poor working conditions and poor life quality _ (对对有害有害) their health.know

34、for suredo harm to从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。白处的最佳选项。1. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _. (安徽安徽2012)A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decoratedD2. Id prefer to _ my judgment until I find all the

35、 evidence. (福建福建2011)A. show B. express C. pass D. reserveD3. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. (天津天津2010)A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibitedC 4. Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. (山东山东2010)A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter A