英语5种基本句型

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1、Five Types of Simple SentencesFive Types of Simple Sentences 简单句的五种类型简单句的五种类型组成句子的各个组成部分叫组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：1. 主语主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明主语表明是是“什么人什么人” ， “ 什么事什么事”.通常由通常由名词名词,代词代词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词来充当来充当.1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Play

2、ing football after school is great fun.主主谓谓宾宾 定定状状补补表表2.谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由动词充当充当.1.they work very hard.2.Tom feels much better now. (系动词:表示状态,后面往往接形容词或名词。常见的系动词：is ,am, are , become,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,grow,get,go,turn,seem)注意：情态动词注意：情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当单独充当谓语谓语,必须和实义动词或系

3、动词一起构必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语成谓语.动词常分为动词常分为实义动词实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词.3. 表语表语：跟在：跟在连系动词连系动词后面的词语或后面的词语或从句从句,用来说明主语的身份用来说明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态. My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe .The reason why her absence is that he is ill 3.宾语：动作行为的：动作行为的对象对象，说明主

4、语做什么，说明主语做什么。一般放在。一般放在及物动词或介词后面后面.由由名词名词,代代词词,数词数词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词和和宾语从句宾语从句构成构成.1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.注意：注意：双宾语双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.4.4.

5、定语定语: :用来用来修饰修饰名词或代词的词名词或代词的词. .形容词形容词, ,形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词, ,名词名词, ,不定式不定式, ,介词短语介词短语, ,不定代词不定代词, ,从句从句等等. . 1 1、This is a This is a red red car.car. 2 2、The building is The building is theirtheir teaching teaching building.building. 3 3、The The womanwoman doctor is my wife. doctor is my wife. 4 4、I

6、have something I have something to tell youto tell you. . 5 5、The man The man in front of the gatein front of the gate is Mr. is Mr. Li.Li. 6 6、EveryEvery student has an English book. student has an English book. 7 7、I know the boy I know the boy w who is playing ho is playing basketball on the play

7、ground.basketball on the playground.5.状语状语:说明动作或状态特征说明动作或状态特征修饰修饰用来修饰用来修饰动动词词,形容词形容词,副词或整个句子副词或整个句子.副词副词,介词短语介词短语,动动词不定式词不定式,以及以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的从句等引起的从句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow, we w

8、ill stay at home.6. 宾补：宾补：补充说明宾语补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）宾语宾语+ 宾补叫宾补叫复合宾语复合宾语，复合宾语有以，复合宾语有以下几种类型下几种类型： 1 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 不定式不定式 2 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 分分 词词 3 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 名名 词词 4 名词名词 （代词）（代词）+ 形容词形容词 1 、名词（代词、名词（代词）+ 不定式不定式John asked me to help him. Let him go home. (此处省略此处省略to)I saw her

9、come out of the room. (此处省略此处省略to) 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 分词分词 （现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）I found him standing at the gate .She could feel her heart beating violently.He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 名词名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职

10、位前不加（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)They made him captain of the ship .英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构两种标准分类。 按其作用或使用目的，句子可分为： 陈述句：This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句：Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句：Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。 感叹句：What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 按语法结构，句子可分为： 简单句：I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句：I am busy washing, but he is pl

11、aying football with them. 我在忙着洗衣服，但他却在跟他们踢足球。 复合句：Although I am busy washing, he is playing football with them. 尽管我在忙着洗衣服，他却在与他们一块踢足球。 按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种： 简单句，简单句， 并列句，复合句并列句，复合句 e.g. 1) The teachers name is Smith. 2) The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John. 3) He is Sm

12、ith who likes going hiking. - 4) He is Smith and he likes going hiking. 5) Hurry up, or youll be late. 6) I saw him when I walked past the street. 7) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句并列句并列句并列句并列句 复合句复合句 复合句复合句十大词类十大词类(Parts of Speech)(Parts of Speech)

13、英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类：和形式特征分为十大词类：名词、代名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、数词、感叹词词、连词、数词、感叹词。需要弄清楚的几个概念：需要弄清楚的几个概念：1、及物动词、及物动词(vt.)(vt.)：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。 eg. They want some books. He is reading a book.2 2、不及物动词、不及物动词(vi.)(vi.)：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。 eg. Bi

14、rds fly. He works in the factory. 3、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不完整，不、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不完整，不 能单独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语能单独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语(如形容词如形容词, ,名词名词 等等)连用连用, ,构成谓语。如：构成谓语。如：be (是是) ), look(看起来像看起来像) ), become (成为成为, ,变得变得) )等。等。 eg. They are teachers. He became very interested in science. 句子成分句子成分(Elements of the S

15、entence)(Elements of the Sentence) 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，主要组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，主要有：有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语状语、补语、插入语、同位语等，其中等，其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。Five Types of Simple SentencesFive Types of Simple Sentences 简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型简单句的五种基本结构：简单句的五种基本结构：1. The sun rises. 2. I dont like bas

16、ketball.3. Danny is tired.4. I read her a story.5. I helped her brush her teeth.主语主语 + 不及物动词不及物动词主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语主语主语 + 动词动词 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语直接宾语主语主语 + 动词动词 + 宾语宾语 + 宾补宾补_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Five Types of Simple Sentences:1. 主语主语 + 不及物动词不及物动词2. 主语主语 + 及物动词及物动词 + 宾语宾语3. 主

17、语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语4. 主语主语 + 动词动词 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语直接宾语5. 主语主语 + 动词动词 + 宾语宾语 + 宾补宾补Subject + Intransitive VerbSubject + Transitive Verb + ObjectSubject + Link Verb + Predictive Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct ObjectSubject + Verb + Object + Complementn 一、主语一、主语+不及物动词不及物动词 （S+V）n 这种句型中没有直接宾

18、语这种句型中没有直接宾语,但常带有状语。例如：但常带有状语。例如：n The water is boiling .n S V n They have been waiting there for hours .n S Vn The train will leave soon .n S V n The flags are waving in the windn S Vn二、主语二、主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 （S+V+O）n He has a sister. n S V On They wanted to have a rest .n S V O n She carried out her

19、 plan .n S V O n He likes watching TV. n S V O三、主语三、主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 （S+V+P）英文中的系动词主要是指英文中的系动词主要是指be动词的各种变化形式，也包括动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有：这类动词常见的有：become（变成）（变成） look（看上去）（看上去） seem(看起来）看起来） get（变得（变得) feel（摸起来）（摸起来） grow（变得）（变得） turn（变成）（变成） keep（保持）（保持） stand（保持）（保持） sta

20、y（保持）（保持） smell（闻起来）（闻起来） sound（听起来）（听起来） taste（尝起来）（尝起来） nHe is a good student.n S V PnShe is in the classroom.n S V P It is getting warmer and warmer. S V P The trees turn green.n S V P四、主语四、主语+动词动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 （S+V+IO+DO）这类句型常有这类句型常有“给某人某物给某人某物”、“送某人某物送某人某物”、“留留给某人某物给某人某物”等意思。等意思。： give(给某人

21、给某人) bring(带给某人带给某人) tell(告诉某人告诉某人.) send(送给某人送给某人), leave(留给某人留给某人) pass(递给某人递给某人) read(给某人读给某人读) write(给某人写给某人写), take(给某人拿给某人拿) show(给某人看给某人看) teach(教某人教某人) get(给某人弄到给某人弄到) lend(借给某人借给某人) hand(递给某人递给某人) nShe brought me a shirt .n S V IO DOnPass him the dictionary,please.n V IO DO n I lend him my

22、bicycle.n S V IO DOn= I lend my bicycle to him.nmake, buy, get, sing, cook等等。等等。nHer mother bought her a skirt.n S V IO DO = Her mother bought a skirt for her.五、主语五、主语+动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 （S+V+O+C）常带常带复合宾语复合宾语结构的及物动词有：结构的及物动词有：feel(感觉到感觉到) find(发现发现) get(使得使得) have(使，让使，让) hear(听到听到) keep(保持保持) mak

23、e(使使) notice(注意到注意到) see(看见看见) let(使使) watch(注视，看注视，看) call(称称) ask(请求请求,要求要求) tell(告诉告诉) want(想要想要) wish(希望希望) listen to(听听) look at(看，瞧看，瞧) 27 说明说明: 此结构由此结构由“主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾宾语补足语语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可可以用做宾补的有：以用做宾补的

24、有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词不定式，分词等。如：等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：即：主语

25、主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.常用it做形式宾语的动词有： think, consider, feel, find, believe eg: I found it impossible to finish so much work in a day.nWe call him Xiao Liu.n S V O CnThe news made me happy.n S V O CnHe keeps his hand behind his back.n S V O CnThe

26、 story made us laugh.n S V O C nHe heard somebody opening the door.n S V O C划分句子成分划分句子成分: My sister is a nurse. They are drinking. They are drinking tea. The old man walks in the park. She passed him the salt. We keep the table clean._ S _V_ P_ S_ V_ S_ V_ O_ S_ V_ S_ V_ IO_ DO_ S_ V_ O_ C7. They wo

27、rk hard.8. The flower is dead.9. Plants need water.10. He gives me some seeds.11. We should keep the plants in the shade.12. Many animals live in trees._ S_ V_ S_V_ P_ S_ V_ O_ S_ V_IO_ DO_ S_ V_ O_ C_ S_ V1. The spring is coming.2. In spring, the weather becomes warmer.3. I have finished my homewor

28、k.4. Show me your books.5. Keep them warm at night. S + VS + V + P S + V + O S + V + IO + DO S + V + O+ CCorrect the mistakes:He kept me wait for a week.She looks happily.My mother bought a new shirt to me.Yesterday they arrived Beijing. waiting_happy_ _forarrived inExercises:指出下列句子的基本类型1. They are

29、listening.2. My mother is fifty now.3. I have bought three books.4. My friend gave me a birthday present.5. I painted the wall white.6. The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.7They arrived at six oclock.8The map is on the wall9Children often sing this song.10Mr. Wu teaches us English.11She showed her friends all her pictures.12I find him a lovely boy.