高二英语选修7Unit3Underthesea词汇知识点详解

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1、第三单元 (1) sth with sb 与某人分享某物 He would share his last pound with me. 1 share (v) (2) sth between sb 共同承担 We share a small room between us. 我们俩合用一个房间. (3) share sth among sb 共享/均分 Please share the sweets among the children present here. Profits are shared (out) among the partners. 合伙人均分利润。 (4) (in) st

2、h We will share the joys and sorrows. (5) vi There is only one room , so well have to share. （合用） You must learn to share. (6) n 一份，股份 Let me take a share in the expenses . 这些费用让我也出一份。 He owns 500 shares of the company. 他拥有那家公司的500 股股份。 share sbs joys and sorrows 和某人同甘共苦2 favorite (1) adj 最喜欢的 Who i

3、s your favorite writer? be favorite with 在中受欢迎 The singer is popular with young people.(2) n最喜欢的人或物The book is a favorite with students. Liu Xiang is a general favorite.。刘翔是最受大众喜欢的人 favor 喜欢，支持 in favor of 支持，赞成 favorable 赞成的，有利的，讨人喜欢的 favoritism (n) 偏爱，得宠3 witness (1) v 当场见到，目击 I witnessed an accid

4、ent on my way home yesterday. (2) v表明，说明 Her flushed（通红） face witnessed the excitement she felt. (3) v作证 None could witness that he was present. (4) v 为作证 常与to 连用 He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 他作证说他看到那个人进入房间。(5) n (C) “目击者，证人”常与to连用The police found the witness to the murder cas

5、e.He was a witness to the accident.(6) n (C,U) 证词，证据，证明 His ragged clothes were (a) witness to his poverty. The old man gave witness on behalf of an accused person. 那位老人为被告作证。 on behalf of 代表/替 相关短语：be a witness to 是的目击者 give witness on behalf of 替作证 witness to 为某事作证说4 as (1) conj 用作连词可引导时间，原因，让步，比较

6、，方式等状语从句 As he looked at her, she made a face. As he didnt know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up . He doesnt speak as the other people do . You must do as I told you. He is not so diligent as you. Young as he is , he knows a lot. Child/Student as he is, he has a good knowledge o

7、f history.As a young boy , he lost his parents in the war. I watched her as she combed her hair. I have changed it as you suggested. I read the letter as I walked along the river. As you werent there , I left a message. As he has been ill , perhaps he needs help. Try as he would , he couldnt open th

8、e door. Tired as they were, they walked on. Leave the table as it is. (2) 作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，先行词前常有such, the same, as, so 与之呼应，构成suchas, soas,等 Well make such computers as are needed in different branches of science. I want to buy the same shoes as were advertised.(3) 作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，as 指前或后面整个句子的内容。

9、As you can see in the map, the two cities are far away from each other. As everybody knows ,all that glitters is not gold. As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China.(4) prep 作为 You will be welcomed as a hero tomorrow morning . She treats him as her brother. 近义词辨析： as 强调主从句谓语动词的动作同时发生。 We talked

10、 as we walked on our way home.when 侧重表示瞬间（时间点）,主从句所述动作可以同时也可先后发生 . He went home when he had finished his homework.(先后) It was snowing when we got to the airport. （同时）while 表示时间段或两个延续性动作同时发生Strike while the iron is hot. Please look after her while Im away.because 语气最强，着重说明原因或理由（其从句一般放在主句之后）， 在回答why问句

11、时，必须用because 不能用其他词。 He was tired because he had done much hard work. since 语气比because 稍弱，表示关系上的必然结果，一般译成“既然，鉴于” （一般放在主句前）Since everyone is here, lets begin our class. as 语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系（可放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后）。 As he didnt know much English , he had some difficulty in making himself understood. for 是并列连

12、词,不能放在句首，提供一种解释、理由或推断。The electricity must be cut off for the light went out.5. sort (1) vt 把分类 ,拣选 She is busy sorting letters. 她正忙于给信件分类。He was sorting his foreign stamps.(2) sort out 整理（好） I have sort ed out the letters. 我已把信分好。He sorted out the old cards.他整理好了旧名片 We must sort out the good apples

13、 from the bad ones.(3) n 种类，类别 A hammer is a sort of tool. You can ask him for help-he is a good sort. 他是个好人。 Hes the sort of person I really dislike. What sort of paint are you using?(4)词组 sort of 颇为，有几分 I feel sort of sick. all sorts of 相当于all kinds of 近义词辨析 sort 种类，在口语和商业语言中更常用，还可表示轻蔑的意思.This sor

14、t of question is easy to answer. How did you get this sort of idea into your mind? kind 种类，特指某种性质相同，具有极其相似特征的东西，适用于某种方法分类，并置于一起。 He is the person of this kind. type 类型，在一般情况下，kind较笼统、模糊，而type 较具体、肯定。 Do you know how many basic types of blood there are in all ? 6. accommodation (1) 房间，住所 The accommod

15、ation of this hotel is scare. （不足） (2) 膳宿 （常用复数） This hospital has accommodations for 600 patients. (3) accommodate 向提供住处，接纳 (v) The house will accommodate two families. 相关短语： (1) make accommodations for 为提供膳宿 (2) book accommodation at a hotel 在旅馆预订房间(3) arrange sbs accommodation 给某人安排住处 (4) accommo

16、date to = adapt to 使适应 You will have to accommodate yourself to the situation. (5) accommodate sb with = supply sb with The bank will accommodate you with a loan.7 out of (1) 离一段距离，不在内 Fish can survive for only a short time out of water. (2) 离开 He jumped out of bed when he heard the door bell rang.

17、(3) 出于动机 He helped you just out of kindness. (4) 从中 Please dont look out of the window. (6) 用，以（某事物） She made a skirt out of the material I gave her. (7) 缺乏，无 lack (sth), without : Im beginning to feel out of patience. 我开始觉得有些不耐烦了。(8) 不出于out of 后的名词所表示的情况，脱离 Hes still in hospital but out of danger.

18、My radio is out of order. 相关短语： (1) out of breath (2) out of it 不加入，孤立 (3) out of date 过时的 (4) out of control 失控(5) out of repair 失修(6) out of question 毫无疑问(7) out of the question 不可能的 (8) out of sight 看不见(9) out of mind 离久情疏 (10) out of line 不协调，不一致 (11) out of work/a job 失业与out 有关的短语：stick out 伸出，

19、突出pick out 挑选出 read/shout sth out/loud 大声念出/叫出 be worn out =be tired out =give out 某人累坏了/筋疲力尽 run out 用完/尽,有宾语时加of sell out 卖完 help out 帮助8 be about to do 表示即将发生的动作 ，意为“正要，即将” 此结构不与具体的时间状语连用。常与when连用。 She was about to go to the cinema when I came. I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 9 come

20、 on (1) 表示劝说，激励， 不耐烦或催促等 Come on, well be late for school. (2) 上演，演出 Theres a new play coming on next week. 相关短语： (1) come about 发生 (2) come across 偶然遇到(3) come out 出来，花（开）， 出版 (4) come up 走近，上升， 发芽(5) come up with 赶上，补充， 提出 (6) come to 谈到，总计为，达到，苏醒 10 ahead (1) adv 向前，朝前 The way ahead was blocked b

21、y fallen trees. He ran ahead .(2) ahead of 在前面，优于，胜于 She was always well ahead of the rest the class. 她在班上总是遥遥领先。 His ideas were ahead of his time . 他的思想比他所处的时代先进。 ahead of time 提前 You should have told me that ahead of time. He is ahead of me in Chinese11 throw (1) 投，掷，扔，抛 Throw the ball to your you

22、nger brother. He was thrown into prison.被关进I felt discouraged when he threw cold water on my idea. She threw herself into a chair and began to cry. (2) 匆忙或随便穿/脱 He threw a blanket over the injured man. 他匆忙给伤者披上毯子。 She threw on/off her overcoat. 她匆匆穿上/脱掉大衣。(3) 惊扰，使不安 The news of Fu Biaos death really

23、 threw us. (4) 使某人处于某种状态 The big fire threw hundreds of workers out of work. 大火使几百人失业。The explosion threw the people into confusion. 爆炸使人们慌乱。 We were thrown into confusion by the news. 我们让那消息给弄糊涂了。He was threw himself into teaching.全身心 相关短语： (1) be thrown into confusion 陷入混 乱 (2) throw away 抛弃，浪费，拒绝

24、 (3) throw cold water on 向泼冷水(4) throw off 匆匆脱掉，抛弃，摆脱 (5) throw oneself on 依靠，求助于 (6) throw oneself into doing sth 开始热心做某事(7) throw up 举起，呕吐，丢弃 12 grab (1) 抢，抓， 抢夺 He grabbed my collar and pulled me before the boss. 他抓住我的领子把我拎到老板面前。 When I gave him the chance , he grabbed it at once. He grabbed at t

25、he boy, but failed.他想抓住那个男孩，可是. He grabbed at the boy, but couldnt save him from falling. 他伸手去抓那个男孩，但还是没有阻止他跌落。(2) 取/ 拿某物 Grab a seat and make yourself at home. 随便找个位子坐，别客气。(3) 给某人留下深刻印象 How does this music grab you? It doesnt grab me at all.这音乐你喜欢吗？ 一点都不喜欢。13 pack (1) v 打包，收拾行李 They packed their th

26、ings for the trip . All these books need to be packed into boxes. He takes a packed lunch to work every day. 他每天带盒装午饭上班。(2) v 挤满，塞满 The stadium was packed with chanting fans. 热情的观众积满了体育馆。 The book was packed with useful information. 这本书了有很多有用的资料。(3) C 包，捆，群 The girl left the room in a hurry with a p

27、ack of clothes under her arm. 相关短语 a pack of cigarettes 一包香烟 packs of 大量的，一堆堆的 pack off 运走，打发掉 pack up 收拾行李 a pack of wolves 一群狼 a pack of lies 一派谎言 package (n) 包装，包扎 packed 充满的，打包的 packer 14 flee (vi, vt) 逃跑，逃离，迅速消散，消失,破灭 (fled ,fled ) He fled his hometown during the war. They fled Japan. During th

28、e civil war, thousands of people fled the country. His hope fled when he was refused the admittance to the company. 当他被拒绝进入这家公司时，他的希望破灭了。注意： He fled (from) that country. He escaped from that country. He ran away from that country. escape(1) 用作及物动词时意为“逃避，躲避” In order to escape being punished he made

29、an excuse. In order to escape punishment he made an excuse. (2) （从监禁或管制中）vi 逃跑，逃走 He escape from prison this morning. Two prisoners have escaped.(3) （从不愉快或危险处境中） vi 逃脱，摆脱 She managed to escape from the burning car. 近义词辨析：(1) flee 强调逃跑行为本身，含有“逃走，消散”的 意思The villagers fled about when the flood broke ou

30、t. 洪水爆发时，村民们四处逃窜。His hope fled when he was refused the admittance to the company. 2(2) escape 强调逃跑的结果，即成功地跑掉了。 In the war, the soldier escaped death. 那名士兵死里逃生。They managed to escape from the burning building by breaking down the door. (3) run away 多用于口语，含有“不辞而别” 之意。 He ran away from home at the age

31、of thirteen. 15 drag vi, vt 拖，拉，扯； C 供拖拉之物，累赘的人或物 We dragged the fallen tree from the road. Her skirt dragged on the floor. 她的裙子在地上拖着。 相关短语： (1) drag behind 落在后面 (2) drag in 扯进来 (3) drag sb down 使某人沮丧 (4) drag on 拖延 近义词辨析： drag 费力，缓慢而艰难地拉、拖较重的物体。 He dragged a heavy box. He dragged himself/his tired

32、feet home . 他拖着疲倦的步子回家。draw 从容地拉、拖 He drew the curtain apart. 他拉开了窗帘。pull 突然、急速地拉，方式不限。 He pulled the door and rushed in. Pull it up. 相关短语： drag behind 落在后面 drag in 扯进来 drag sb down 使某人沮丧drag on 拖延16 annual 每年的，年度的，一年一次的annually (adv) 每年 an annual event/festival Whats your annual salary?17 abandon (

33、vt) (1) 遗弃，抛弃 Parents who abandon their babies should be punished. The captain gave orders to abandon ship. We must urge people who smoke to abandon the habit. (2) 放弃 Luxun abandoned medicine for literature. The match was abandoned because of bad weather. (取消)(3) abandon oneself to 沉迷（be addicted to

34、） He abandoned himself to despair. 他悲观厌世。The young man does nothing but abandon himself to pleasure. 那位年轻人除了沉溺于玩乐什么都不做。abandoned (adj) 被遗弃的，自暴自弃的，无耻的，堕落的 abandoned young man 堕落的年轻人 abandoned ship 被弃的船只 Walking in the forest, he felt abandoned by the world. abandonment (U) 遗弃，抛弃 abandoner 放弃者，遗弃者，投保人

35、 abandonee 被遗弃者， 承保人18 leave alone 让 一个人待着,不管，别惹，不打扰 She is very upset. Leave her alone for some minutes. Leave me alone.= Let me be .= Let me alone. 相关短语：leave out 忽略，不考虑 leave for离开去某地 leave behind 留下leave off 停止19 set aside “为节省（时间或钱）， 把放在一边She tries to set aside some money every month. He sets a

36、side one hour to do some reading every day. 20 crash (1) v, n 突然倒下，撞击（某物），发出声响The rocks crashed (down) onto the car. 石头轰隆一声砸砸在She crashed the plates(down) on the table. 他哗啦一声把盘子摔倒桌子上。(2) 猛撞 He crashed his car into a wall. 他把汽车撞到墙上了。(3) 突然倒台，崩溃 The company crashed with debts. 那家公司因负债而破产。(4) n 坠落（声），破

37、裂（声） The tree fell with a great crash. 那棵树哗啦一声倒了。(5) n垮台，倒闭The great financial crash in 1929 ruined the international trade.1929年经济大萧条摧毁了国际贸易。21 beat (1) 连续而有规律的击打、跳动 Whos beating the drum? Waves beat the shore. He is alive-his heart is still beating. The bird was beating its wrings. 那只鸟在拍打这它的翅膀。(2)

38、 打败某人，胜于，击败 She beat her younger brother at tennis. Our team was easily beaten. (3) puzzle 使困惑 Your question has beaten me . 你的问题把我难住了。 近义词辨析： (1) beat 后接比赛、辩论、 或战争中的对手。 I can easily beat him in a table tennis.(2) win 后接比赛、争论、战争或奖品等。 He won the match. He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1986.22

39、lead (1) 指路，领路A policeman was leading a blind man across the road. (2) 引导某人，影响某人 He is too easily led. 他太容易受人左右了。 What led you to this conclusion? (3) 通，达 All roads lead to Rome. This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误导致了很大的混淆。(4) 过某种生活 Today we are leading a happy life. (5) lead to +(doing ) s

40、th 导致做某事 The strike can lead to a loss of jobs. leader 领导(人) leadership 领导，领导地位/能力 leading 指导的，主要的23 distance (1) n 距离,间距 My school is within walking distance of my house. 学校离我家不远，走几步就到了。(2) n 远方，远处 At a distance of six miles you cant see much. She keeps him at a distance. 她冷淡他。 in the distance 在远处

41、within distance在距离内 at a distance of 在的距离 from a distance 从远方I saw the Mt. Fuji in the distance.我在远处看到了富士山。The picture looks beautiful at a distance.这幅画稍远处看很美。 at a distance 从稍远处24 draw (1) 用铅笔等画 He drew a house in one minute. (2) 向某方向移动 Christmas is drawing near. 圣诞节日渐临近。 The train drew in/into the

42、 station. 火车进了站。(3) 拉，拖She drew me aside to tell me what she had heard. The cart (大车) was drawn by two horses. (4) 拔出，抽出 He came towards me with a drawn sword. 他拔剑出鞘冲我而来。(5) 获取， 吸取,吸气，取钱 What conclusion can you draw from your research? The diver first drew a deep breath. We hope it will draw the att

43、ention of all comrades. For this he drew out 1000 yuan from the bank. They were not willing to be drawn into the conflict. （卷入） (6) 打成平局 The two teams drew. They drew the game. draw a conclusion 得出结论 draw near 挨近，靠近 drawer 抽屉，开票人 25 aim (1) 瞄准，对准 He aimed his gun at the enemy. My remarks were not ai

44、med at you. 我的话不是针对你。 This product is aimed at the female market. The criticism wasnt aimed at you. (2) 指望，目的在于 What are you aiming at ?你的用意何在？ The visit is aimed at improving the relations between the two countries. (3) （向某方向）努力，力争 He worked hard, aiming at a scholarship. 他努力学习力争拿到奖学金。(4) n 瞄准，目标，目

45、的 My aim was accurate. He has only one aim in all his life- to become rich. aimless 无目标的 aimlessly 无目标地 aimlessness 无目标 aim (sth) at sb/sth 拿瞄准 aim at sth 以为目标 take aim at 对瞄准 without aim 无目的的 aim high 胸怀大志 aim at the moon 妄想 26 feed (1) n 一顿，一餐，饲料 When is the babys next feed? Theres no feed left fo

46、r the hens.(2) v喂养，饲养The baby needs feeding. Have you fed the chickens? We fed wheat to cattle.=We fed cattle with wheat(3) feed on 吃过日子，依靠,以为食Cattle feed chiefly on grass. 牛主要以草为食。 (4) feed up 供给食物 There are hundreds of poor children there needing feeding up. (5) feedon 用喂养 They feed the babies on

47、milk. In winter they feed the cows/cattle on hay and corn. 也可用作feedwith sth , with 后可接食物或工具 The nurse was feeding the baby with porridge. Mother was feeding her son with a spoon. 相关短语： be fed up with 吃吃得饱，厌倦 Pigs_ in our school _ the food we students have thrown away. A fed, feed on B are fed, live

48、on C that are fed, feed with D fed, feed to27 take 需要，花费，要求 The journey from London to Oxford takes about an hour and a half. It would take a strong man to lift that weight. 身强力壮的人才能举起那么重的东西。 It took me two hours to mend my bike. It takes a long time for her to recover from the illness. Writing book

49、s must take a great deal of time. 短语： take great trouble to do 不辞劳苦做某事 take ones time 从容不迫，不着急，慢慢来take sb seriously as 认真对待某人 take sth as it comes 顺其自然 take against sb/sth (说不清原因地) 开始不喜欢某人/某事 take after sb 追赶某人近义词辨析： (1) spend 主语必须是人，构成spend on sth 或spend (in) doing sth He spent much money on books.

50、 Every morning he spends an hour in reading English. (2) cost 主语必需是事或物，一般指花钱,侧重于“花费”的代价。cost还有 “ 以为代价，丧失”之意其后常跟双宾语及life, money, health, time 等.The book cost him one dollar. His careless driving cost him his life last year. (3) take 表示“花费” 时，其主语是“一件事” 一般指花费时间 The journey took me three hours. It took

51、me ten minutes to go to the post office. It took me three days to finish reading the novel. (4) pay “付钱 ”，主语是人。 常用于pay for 或pay （sb） some money for sth 结构中。 I paid five yuan for the pen. He paid the taxi and hurried to the station. He paid me 5yuan for mending the clock. 28 approach (1) v 接近，靠近 His

52、work is approaching completion. 他的工作接近完成。We approach the museum. As you approach the town , the first building you see is the church. National Day is approaching. (2) v 着手考虑/处理； （因事） 找或接近。 He is rather difficult to approach. Then I approached him on the matter. 接着我就去找他谈这件事。 When is the best time to

53、approach my employer about an increase in salary? (3) n 接近 At her approach the children ran off. The approach of winter brings cold weather.(4) n 通路，入口 All the approaches to the meeting hall were guarded by troops. All approaches were blocked.(5) n方法，手段 Our teacher uses a new approach to language te

54、aching. He presented a new approach. (6) n 意图，尝试The club has made an approach to a local firm for help. 俱乐部已尝试向本地一家公司求助。29 hold (1) v 拿住，抱住，拖住,抓住The child was holding her fathers hand. She was holding her baby in her arms.(2) 召开， 举行 The meeting will be held next week.(3) 保持某一状态 Hold your head up. Ho

55、ld yourself still for a while when I take your photo. 我给你拍照时你别动。(4) 容纳，包含 The lecture hall can hold 2000 people. My brain cant hold so much information at one time. We want to rent a bus which can hold 40 people for our trip to Beijing.(5) possess ,occupy 占有，占据，担任 How long has he held office? 他已任职多长

56、时间了？ We hold a major share in the company .我们持有这家公司的大部分股份。(6) 获得，怀有 He holds the world record for long jump. 他保持着跳远的世界纪录。 A good teacher must be able to hold his pupils attention. 一位好老师一定能够吸引学生的注意力。(7) 承受，支撑Is that box strong enough to hold you? 那个盒子能承受得住你吗？The dam gave away, it was not strong enoug

57、h to hold the flood. 水坝坍塌了，它不够坚固，挡不住洪水。 相关短语： hold back 阻止，踌躇，保守秘密 hold on 坚持下去，抓牢，（打电话）不挂断 hold up 举起，支持住 hold out 伸出，提出，制止 hold on to 保住，保留，抓住We thought of selling the furniture . But weve decided to hold on to it. It might be valuable.29 migrate vi (1) 迁移，移居 People migrate to find work. 人们迁居别处去找工

58、作。(2) vi （鸟兽等）迁徙 Some birds migrate to find warmer weather. 有些鸟迁徙以寻找更暖的气候。 migration n 迁移，移民，迁徙的鸟类30 rough adj (1) (表面)粗糙的,不平的 This table is rough. The car is running on a rough road. The ship traveled up and down in the rough sea. 轮船在汹涌的大海中上下颠簸。(2) 粗野的，粗鲁的 He is rough in speech . 他言语粗鲁。(3) 粗略的，大体 H

59、e made a rough sketch.他画了一张粗略的草图。(4) 难受的，艰难的 She has had a rough time since her husband died. be rough on 苛刻地对待 The boss was very rough on the junior staff. 那个老板对资历浅的职员相当苛刻。31 handle vt (1) 对付，应对 She is good at handling children. 她很会带小孩。 (2) 使用 He learnt how to handle an axe. The car handles easily/

60、 badly. 这车易/难开。(3) 拿 Handle the glasses with care. 这些玻璃杯要小心轻放。 32 endanger v 使受危害， 伤害，危及 The polluted air in the city endangered the health of the residents. Smoking endangers your health. endangered adj 有危险的，将要绝种的，濒危的We must do our best to save the endangered animals.33 species 种类n 单复数同形，表示“ （动/植物）

61、物种 various animal species各种动物 the human species 人类34 oppose v 反对，使对立/对抗 They opposed the plan. They are opposed to the plan.他们反对这个计划。 I am opposed to his going alone. I opposed myself to his plan. 我反对他的计划。Dont oppose your will against mine. 不要把你的意见同我的对立起来。35 ban (1)禁止v 表示禁止某人做某事，通常用ban sb from doing

62、 sth He was banned from driving. 他被禁止开车。 Smoking is banned in school . 在学校禁止吸烟。 (2) 禁令 n 其后常接介词 on ,表示对某事的禁止。 There is a ban on smoking in petrol stations. 加油站禁止吸烟。36 wander (1) 徘徊,流浪，闲逛 v wander (about /up and down ) (in ) the street 徘徊街头My mother told me not to wander the streets after school. I e

63、njoy wandering in the street in my spare time .(2) 迷路，走散(off/away) They wandered off (away) in the mountains . 他们在山中迷了路。(3) v 走神,思想随便活动 My attention was wandering . 我的注意力不知到哪儿去.He realized his students attention was beginning to wander.(4) 偏离（话题） He wandered off the subject.他说离了题。 Dont wander from the s