石春祯英语阅读理解220篇(原文加答案20篇)

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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流石春祯英语阅读理解220篇(原文加答案20篇).精品文档.It never rains but it pours.Text 1-1Not all of the potential solutions to climate change are futuristic, expensive or exotic. In fact, most Americans can find one of the most significant carbon-reducing innovations of the last 30 years standing

2、in their kitchens, keeping the butter hard.Refrigerators sold in the United States have grown 5% more energy efficient every year since 1975. Today they save 200 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity a year compared to what theyd use if they were still built to 30-year-old standards, or about a thir

3、d of the annual output of all the nations nuclear plants. Upgraded fridges have lowered electricity bills for consumers and avoided millions of tons of carbon that would otherwise have been emitted by power plants. Heating and air-conditioning systems also have grown more efficient, and fluorescent

4、light bulbs are a big step ahead of power-hungry incandescents.Critics of government efforts to fend off global warming often complain that the economic costs arent worth the gains-better to adapt later to a warmer planet than suffer now by turning down the thermostat. This argument relies on a lot

5、of dubious assumptions, starting with the notion that quality of life wont be significantly reduced in a world plagued by drought, wildfires, increased disease and famine, more powerful storms, mass species extinction and higher sea levels. It also assumes that the cost of cleaning up after all that

6、 will be less than the cost of preventing it from happening.Nicholas Stern, former chief economist with the World Bank, estimates that failing to invest in cutting carbon would eventually cost up to 20% in lost income worldwide. The final report from the U.N.s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chan

7、ge pointed out adapting to global warming is a necessity because its too late to stop the process, but that doesnt reduce the need to head off the worst effects.Global-warming deniers are right about one thing: Phasing out fossil fuels will be expensive. But the most effective way of doing so not on

8、ly doesnt add costs, it saves money and boosts economies. Energy efficiency is the fastest, safest and cheapest method currently available for cutting carbon emission. Its also one of the least understood, because it involves a lot more than adding insulation to buildings or installing power-sipping

9、 air conditioners. To make really hefty efficiency gains, the U.S. must follow Californias lead in restructuring incentives of utilities, and regulatory agencies should do much more to encourage important innovations such as cogeneration plants.1. By citing the example of fluorescent light bulls, th

10、e author intends to show that_. A. they are more energy efficient than incandescent. B. they are one of the best innovations we ever know C. solutions to climate change are not necessarily unusual D. many measures have been taken to fight global warming2. The author points out that refrigerators _.

11、A. have become more and more advanced B. consume less power than ever before C. are responsible for global warming D. initiate carbon-reducing campaign3. some people criticize government for the efforts to diminish global warming, for they believe that _. A. its better for people to live in a warmer

12、 world B. its more cost-efficient to clean up the world later C. the quality of life will become higher in the future D. people can adapt to whatever change they may face4. The author argues that _. A. its too late to stop the process of global warming B. the investment in cutting carbon boosts econ

13、omies C. its obviously a necessity to adapt to global warming D. the worst effects of global warming can be alleviated5. The author suggests that currently we should _ to cut carbon emissions. A. improve energy efficiency B. develop cogeneration plants C. reduce the use of fossil fuels D. invest in

14、new forms of energyText 1-2Our understanding of the Emotional System today is still in the Dark Ages. This has its analogy to the time when peoples understanding of our Solar System was based upon the belief that the Sun revolved around the Earth, as it certainly appeared that way-however, just the

15、reverse was true. The problem was, as long as we believed the Sun went around the Earth, we were limited as to how far we could go in the Solar System.We find the same condition existing today in regard to the Emotional System. Society believes that our emotional feelings are a result of our experie

16、nces in our environment. In essence: something happened and it made me feel the way I do. This belief, though it is certainly the way it appears, is just the reverse of it really works.What happens to us as we embrace an emotional feeling is that it is first received by our brain, which converts it

17、into electrical energy that flows through our body by means of the central nervous system. We can often “feel the charge” in our body associated with the experience of emotions. When this occurs an electromagnetic field is generated around our body which attracts to us another person who has an iden

18、tical electromagnetic field around their body and the same emotional feeling in their heart.We have not been able to make much progress in the emotional area. Lets face it, although this age reflects great advancements in technology, the feelings in the hearts of men and women are still plagued by d

19、arkness.Believing that something or someone made us feel the way we do gives rise to the concept of victimization. To see self as a victim places the responsibility for our feelings on someone or something other than self. The real problem with this view is that if we are not responsible for having

20、created our feelings, we are also unable to change those feelings and create new and different ones.This dilemma we face creates quite a struggle in life. Although we may externally struggle with different circumstances and situations, the emotional feelings associated with them are always the same-

21、frustration, resentment, anger, etc. It is as if we have fallen into quicksand, gotten stuck, and the only way we know to extricate ourselves is to struggle. What we find is that the more we struggle to get out, the deeper in we sink.To state a simple rule: there is an inverse relationship between s

22、truggling with a problem and understanding the problem. Understanding how the emotional system really works allows the resolution of problems without struggle. This understanding is the key to unlocking the emotional doorway to enter into the Kingdom of Heavenly Feelings within us.1. By referring to

23、 the solar system, the author intends to show _. A. The evolution of the Emotional System B. the mechanism of the Emotional System C. the analogy between Solar System and Emotional System D. the analogy between Solar System and Emotional System2. It is widely believed that our emotional feelings _.

24、A. result from our experiences in the environment B. justify our struggle with the adverse environment C. plague us more than anything else in the environment D. are shared by people with an identical electromagnetic field 3. The author argues that _. A. the environment generates our feelings B. eve

25、ryone is responsible for his own feelings C. one shouldnt be blamed for his resentment or anger D. ones feelings are created by something or someone else4. In the authors opinion, the concept of victimization in the emotional area _. A. should be justified B. should be embraced C. should be recogniz

26、ed D. should be gotten rid of 5. It can be inferred from the text that the effective way to get rid of unhealthy feelings is to understand _. A. how to get out of the quicksand with ease B. how our emotional feelings are brought about C. the relationship between feelings and adversity D. the essence

27、 of the Kingdom of Heavenly FeelingsText 1-3Two years ago, a Danish environmentalist called Bjorn Lomborg had an idea. We all want to make the world a better place but, given finite resources, we should look for the most cost-effective ways of doing so. He persuaded a bunch of economists, including

28、three Nobel laureates, to draw up a list of priorities. They found that efforts to fight malnutrition and disease would save many lives at modest expense, whereas fighting global warming would cost a colossal amount and yield distant and uncertain rewards.That conclusion upset a lot of environmental

29、ists. This week, another man who upsets a lot of people embraced it. John Bolton, Americas ambassador to the United Nations, said that Mr. Lomborgs “Copenhagen consensus” provided a useful way for the world body to get its priorities straight. Too often at the UN, said Mr. Bolton, “everything is a p

30、riority.” The secretary-general is charged with carrying out 9,000 mandates, he said, and when you have 9,000 priorities you have none.So, over the weekend, Mr. Bolton sat down with UN diplomats from seven other countries to rank 40 ways of tackling ten global crises. The problems addressed were cli

31、mate change, communicable diseases, war, education, financial instability, governance, malnutrition, migration, clean water and trade barriers.Given a notional $50 billion, how would the ambassadors spend it to make the world a better place? Their conclusions were strikingly similar to the Copenhage

32、n Consensus. After hearing presentations from experts on each problem, they drew up a list of priorities. The top four were basic health care, better water and sanitation, more schools and better nutrition fro children. Averting climate change came last.The ambassadors thought it wiser to spend mone

33、y on things they knew would work. Promoting breast-feeding, for example, costs very little and is proven to save lives. It also helps infants grow up stronger and more intelligent, which means they will earn more as adults. Vitamin A supplements cost as little as $1, save lives and stop people from

34、going blind. And so on.For climate change, the trouble is that though few dispute that it is occurring, no one knows how severe it will be or what damage it will cause. And the proposed solutions are staggeringly expensive. Mr. Lomborg reckons that the benefits of implementing the Kyoto protocol wou

35、ld probably outweigh the costs, but not until 2100. This calculation will not please Al Gore. Nipped at the post by George Bush is the most urgent moral challenge facing mankind.1. According to some economists, fighting global warming _. A. is of little help to make the world a better place B. is as

36、 favorable as fighting malnutrition and disease C. is not the first priority for us to make the world better D. is one of the priorities for us to make the world better2. By saying “everything is a priority”, John Bolton means that _. A. it is reasonable to think of fighting global warming as a prio

37、rity B. if you thought that way, there would be no priority at all C. it is a useful way for the UN to get its priorities straight D. every mandate to be carried out is actually a priority 3. According to some UN diplomats, _. A. fighting global warming is worth spending a huge amount of money on B.

38、 promoting breast-feeding is more urgent than fighting global warming C. averting climate change should be excluded from the list of priorites D. there are at least 40 effective ways to tackle the top ten global crises4. According to the text, Mr. Lomborg _. A. doubts whether climate change is occur

39、ring B. proposes an ideal solution for climate change C. knows clearly how severe the future climate change will be D. questions the immediate benefits of averting climate change5. It seems that the UN _. A. still takes averting climate change as a priority B. fails to realize many inconvenient trut

40、hs in the world C. has its crucial policies challenged by many member countries D. is trying to tackle all the global crises to make the world betterText 1-4When IBM announced an overhaul of its pension plan for employees in America last week, it joined a parade of employers that are shifting more r

41、esponsibility for saving for retirement on to workers. For many Americans, of course, this is nothing new: millions of them have been managing their retirement assets in individual accounts for years. Nevertheless, in both America and Britain the closure of paternalistic corporate “defined benefit”

42、programmes, in which pensions depend on earnings and years of service, is acceleratingeven at healthy companies such as IBM.To the extent that this creates and encourages individual choice and responsibility, it is something to welcome rather than to fear. Many other countries, facing huge state-pen

43、sion obligations, would also like to see their citizens assume a bigger role in providing for their own retirement. Even so, the trend raises an important question: how much do people due to take on these new responsibilities know about basic financial concepts?The answer seems to be: not much, and

44、less than they think they do. Studies show that many people overestimate their knowledge of everything from inflation to risk diversification and compound interest. One survey in Australia found that 37%of people who owned investments did not know that they could fluctuate in value. In America 31% d

45、id not know that the finance charge on a credit-card statement is what they pay to use credit. Britains Financial Services Authority will release the results of its own survey on financial literacy l in the next month or two.Even educated professionals may know the basics but see no need to keep up

46、to datehaving no idea of the interest rates on their credit cards, the fees on their mutual funds or how their investments are doing. But in both America and Britain low personal saving rates (negative in America, indeed) and record numbers of personal bankruptcies do not bode well. If people are to

47、 take charge of their pensions, shouldnt they know a little more?In the end, ignorance cold rebound on governments: if people save too little for old age, the state may have to provide for them willy-nilly. |”Governments are taking this very seriously,” says Barbara Smith of the Organisation for Eco

48、nomic Co-operation and Development, which recently produced a report on global financial literacy. Just this week the British government launched an online debt calculator for overstretched consumers and a money-management course for teenagers that will be offered in schools across the country later

49、 this year. New Zealand is another country trying to catch its people young: one official financial-information website there (www.sorted. org.nz) includes an online game on “Money Island”.1. It is informed in the test that _. A. IBM cannot help but overhaul its pension plan B. IBM takes much respon

50、sibility for saving for retirement C. workers will assume more financial responsibility for their old age D. most Americans have taken on responsibility for saving for retirement2. Corporate “defined benefit” programmes will come to an end primarily because _. A. most companies are not so healthy as

51、 IBM B. it can help companies relieve their pension obligations C. millions of Americans have opened their individual accounts for years3. If one is to assume more financial responsibility, he should have more knowledge about _. A. risk diversification B. basic financial concepts C. how much he pas

52、to use credit D. the fluctuation in value of his investment4. It can be inferred from the text that _. A. even professionals are short of financial information B. personal saving rates will no doubt increase remarkably C. professionals are usually better prepared for their retirement D. there will b

53、e less personal bankruptcies in both America and Britain5. The main idea of this text is that _. A. most people are very ignorant about investment B. individuals should have more choices and responsibility C. individuals should be better prepared for their retirement D. government should provide off

54、icial financial-informationText 1-5【英泽汉】When one uses the scientific method to study or investigate nature or the universe, one is practicing scientific thinking. All scientists practice scientific thinking, of course, since they are actively studying nature and investigating the universe by using s

55、cientific method. But scientific thinking is not reserved solely for scientists. (1)Anyone can “think like a scientist” who learns the scientific method and, most importantly, applies its precepts, whether he or she is investigating nature or not. (2)When one uses the investigating societies or gove

56、rnments, seeking solutions to problems of economics or philosophy, or just trying to answer personal questions about oneself or the meaning of existence-one is said to be practicing critical thinking. Critical thinking is thinking correctly for oneself that successfully leads to the most reliable an

57、swers to questions and solutions to problems. In other words, critical thinking gives you reliable knowledge about all aspects of your life and society, and is not restricted to the formal study of nature.Some professionals in the humanities, social sciences, jurisprudence, business, and journalism

58、practice critical thinking as well as any scientist, but many, alas, do not. (3)Scientists must practice critical thinking to be successful, but the qualifications for success in other professions do not necessarily require the use of critical thinking, a fact that is the source of much confusion, d

59、iscord, and unhappiness in our society.The scientific method has proven to be the most reliable and successful method of thinking in human history, and it is quite possible to use scientific thinking in other human endeavors. For this reason, critical thinking is being taught in schools throughout t

60、he United States, and its teaching is being encouraged as a universal ideal. (4) The important point is this: critical thinking is perhaps the most important skill a student can learn in school and college, since if you master its skills, you know how to think successfully and reach reliable conclus

61、ions, and such ability will prove valuable in any human endeavor, including the humanities, social sciences, commerce, law, journalism, and government, as I claim, the same thing, only applied for different purposes, it is therefore reasonable to believe that if one learns scientific thinking in a s

62、cience class, one learns, at the same time, the most important skill a student can possesscritical thinking. This, to my mind, is perhaps the foremost reason for college students to study science, no matter what ones eventual major, interest, or profession.Text 1-1 1.C 2.B 3.B. 4.D 5.AText 1-2 1.C 2

63、.A 3.B 4.D 5.BText 1-3 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.AText 1-4 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.CText 1-5(1) 任何人，无论是否研究自然界，只要学习科学方法，更重要的是，应用其规则，都能“像科学家一样思维”。(2) 一个人在每日生活中，比如，学习历史或文学时，研究社会或政府管理时，寻求解决经济学或哲学问题时，或者只是试图回答有关自己或人生意义等个人问题时，应用了科学思想方法和原则，就可以说，他在进行严谨的思维。(3) 科学家的思维必须严谨才能取得成功。但是，在其他行业取得成功并不一定要求具备严谨思维能力。这个事实是造成社会中许多混乱、分歧和烦

64、恼的根源。(4) 关键在于：严谨思维是学生在学校中能够学会的最重要技能。因为，如果你掌握了这种技能，你就知道如何正确思考问题并得出结论；这种能力不仅在学术和科学研究领域，而且在人类活动的任何领域，包括人文学科、社会科学、商业、法律、新闻，以及政府管理等，都极其宝贵。(5) 正如我所说，严谨思维和科学思维是同一回事，只是用于解决不同问题。因此，有理由认为，如果一个人在科学课上学会了科学思维，那么，与此同时，也就学会了学生具备的最重要技能严谨思维能力。Text 2-1The heat wave in Europe in early August 2003 was a catastrophe of heartbreaking proportions. With more than 3,500 dead in Paris alone, France suffered nearly 15, 000 fatalities from the heat wave. Another 7, 000 died in Germany, 8,