人教版九年级上学期各单元知识清单1

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1、九年级上学期各单元知识清单Unit 1 How can we become good learners?1. I study by working with a group. 我通过小组活动来学习。 by作为介词，用法很多。请仔细观察下面的例句，分析by的用法，然后补全结论部分所缺的内容。1. Come and sit by us. by可表示位置，“在.旁边”，或“从旁边(经过)”之意。2. Peter goes to work by bus every day.by可表示交通、传递方式译为：“乘、骑”等。3. Tony will come back by 10:00 pm. by可表示时间

2、，“到(某时)之前; 不迟于”，4. English is spoken by lots of people.by可用于构成被动语态，译为：“被, 由”5. My brother studies history by working with a group.by可表示借助某种方式或手段，常构成“ by+doing形式 ”。 【运用】根据提示，用含有by的短语完成各句。1)AnniewenttoBeijing_ (乘火车)yesterday.2)Hisgrandfathermadealiving_ (靠卖水果)inthepast.3)Thescientistshavetoarriveatthe

3、village_ (八月以前).4)Allengoes_ (经过邮局) on his way to school every morning.5)Thebookwaswritten_ (由几个工程师).2. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？ aloud, loud和loudly：aloud 出声地; 大声地。常与read/ call等词连用, 不用于比较级。loud 大声地; 喧闹地。指说话声和笑声，常与talk/ speak/ laugh/ sing等词连用, 可用比级。loudly 高声地; 喧

4、闹地。可以和loud互换，含有“吵闹”的意思, 不悦耳。 1. Dont read in the library. 不要在图书馆大声朗读。2. We cant hear you. Please speak. 我们听不到你的声音, 请再大声点。3. People are talking in the room.人们正在屋子里大声交流。 3. Its too hard to understand spoken English. 该句句型为: Its+adj.+ (for sb.)+to do sth.“(对 某人来说)做某事是的”。试译： 1). 保持健康太重要了。 2). 学习两种语言对他来说很

5、难。 too . to do . 结构常表示“太而不能”, too后面接形容词或副词, to后面接动词原形。 如：1). 房间太脏了，不适合居住。 2). 他走的太慢了，没有按时到达。 将下面的句子翻译成英语。 1) 孩子们在那条河里游泳是危险的。 2) 晚饭后散步太有必要了。 3) 水太烫, 不能喝。 4. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English? 【find用法归纳】：find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事很find it + adj. to d

6、o sth.中的it是形式宾语, adj.做宾补, to do sth.是真正的宾语。同类的动词还有think, feel, consider等。1) I found it _(interest) to talk with my grandfather.2) I found it hard for me _ (improve) spoken English.5. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. 【afraid用法归纳】：be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕做某事(担

7、心出现某种不良后果)be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事(“怕” 或“不敢”去做某事) be afraid +that 恐怕(礼貌 地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事) 6. Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. called=named 叫做，called Toy Story在此做后置定语. 【call用法归纳】：call sb (up).=telephone sb.=phone sb.=give sb. a call=ring sb. up 给某人打电话 call on sb. 拜访某人；cal

8、l on sb to do sth号召.做.；call out 大声呼喊；call at sp 拜访某地；call for 要求；需要I discovered that listening to something you are interested in is the secret to language learning.discover v. 发现; 发觉 指偶然或经过努力发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事 e.g. Columbus America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。 7. I also learned useful sentences like “Its

9、 a piece of cake” or “It serves you right.” a piece of cake和serves sb. right是英语中的两个习惯用语, 也可称作习语idiom(s)。同汉语中的成语类似, 习语是人们在长期的语言运用中约定俗成的一种固定表达方式, 其意思往往不是字面所表达的含义。a piece of cake表示事情非常简单、易于解决, 相当于汉语的“小 菜一碟; 小事一桩”; serves sb. right则相当于汉语说某人“活该”。8. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked t

10、hem up in a dictionary.look up (在词典、参考书中)查阅; 抬头看【look用法归纳】：look after 照顾 look like 看起来像 look out 当心, 小心往外看 look through 浏览;翻看 look for 寻找 look forward to (doing sth) 期待 look around 向四周看 have/take a look (at) 看一看 look over 检查 动名词: 它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。 基本形式: V-ing 作用: 动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可 以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

11、 动名词的基本用法 1. 用作主语:所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous. 注意：动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。 1) It is no use/ good / useless + doing 2) It is a waste of time + doing 3) It is fun + doing 在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。 e.g. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收） It is fun playing with

12、children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 2. 用作宾语 1)作动词的宾语,常见动词有：practice, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。 e.g. How do you practice speaking? I have to finish reading a b

13、ook and give a report. 2) 作介词的宾语 1. I learn English by doing grammar exercises. 2. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 3. He was late again because of getting up late. 4. Lock the doors and windows before going out. 5. What/How about the two of us playing games？ 活学活用1. She cant help

14、_(cry) after _ (hear) the bad news. 2. Do you feel like _(have) a break? 3) 既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表达的意义不同。 e.g. I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了) I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生) remember/forget/ regret to do 动作尚未发生; r

15、emember/forget/ regret doing动作已经发生 try to do 设法、努力去做，尽力; try doing 试试去做（看有何结果） mean to do 打算做（主语一般是人; mean doing意味着（主语一般是物） regret to do 对将要做的事抱歉; regret doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔 stop to do停下去做另外一件事; stop doing停止做手头的事情3. 作表语：动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 e.g. Yo

16、ur task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4. 动名词的被动语态：being done.eg. (被表扬)made him so happy. 5. 动名词的否定形式是：not doing.eg. (没完成作业)will be blamed by the teacher. 6. 动名词的复合结构

17、：动名词的逻辑主语动名词动名词的复合结构: ones/sb doing sth. ones/sb 称为 动名词的逻辑主语。 1). Would you mind （我开窗户吗）? 2). I cant understand (Jack离开他的妻子)9. Icantalways understandspokenEnglish.speak spokespokenv. 部分动词的过去分词也可做该词的形容词：spoken口语的 broken坏掉的 written写作的10. Idontknowhowtoincreasemyreadingspeed. “疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语【注意】whattodo

18、后不需要跟宾语howtodo后必须跟宾语 【拓展】“疑问词+动词不定式”结构： know，tell,wonder, ask, find out,learn +what,which,when,where, how +动词不定式（todo）11. Ioften makemistakesin grammar. (1)makemistakes犯错 makemistakesin 在某方面犯错 (2)mistake for把误认为(3)bymistake错误地12. Maybeyoushouldjoin anEnglishclub. 【解析】 join/joinin/takepartin (1)join=

19、beamemberof参加, 指加入某种 织，并成为其中的一员。jointhearmy/party入伍/党 jointheclub加入俱乐部 joinin后接活动名称 joinsb.加入到某个人群之中 (2)takepartin参加，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。13. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 1) 此句中whether or not you can do it well是从句作整个句子的主语, 叫作“主语从句”。又如： isnt so important. Wh

20、ats important is the experience you gained. 是否做对不那么重要，重要的是你收获的经验。 2) whether or not 相当于whether, 表示“是否”，常出现在宾语从句，主语从句中。也可把whether和or not分开，or not放到句尾。例如: I cant tell whether or not the teacher likes me. = 14. It is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 若形容词表示事物特征的，如：easy,hard, d

21、ifficult, important等，须用介词for构成句型：It is .adj. for sb. to do sth. 若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点，如：good, kind, nice,wrong等，用介词of构成句型：Its+adj.(kind,honest,friendly) + (ofsb.)todosth.15. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting. connect v. 意为“连接；与.有联系”常用结构是connect A to / with B，其

22、中to多用来指动作而不指状态,with多指抽象意义的联系。e.g. 1). Connect the speaker the record player, please. 2).After we parted, I often connected him on the Internet16.Goodlearnersthinkabout whattheyare goodat andwhattheyneedtopracticemore.【think相关短语】 thinkabout想起，考虑 think back 回想thinkof想到，认为 thinkover仔细考虑 thinkout仔细考虑，想出

23、 thinkup想出 thinkthrough充分考虑17. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. eventhough=evenif即使, 引导让步状语从句。【注】eventhough引导让步状语从句时，不能与but 连用。They even ask each other and try to find out the answers. (1) tryon try it/them on 试穿(2)trytodosth.努力做某事，侧重尽力做 (3)trydoingsth.试图做某事，侧重

24、尝试做 (4) tryonesbesttodosth.=doonesbesttodosth.尽某人最大努力做某事findout寻找，查明【拓展】find/lookfor/findout找(1) findv. 找到，强调找到的结果(2) lookfor寻找，强调找东西的过程(3)findout查明，找到，指经过调查，询问等弄清事实的真相。19. Knowledge comes from questioning. question在句子中作动词，是“质疑；质问；提问”的意思。例如：I just accepted what he told me. I never thought to (质疑)it.

25、当question用作动词，表示对某人或事物进行提问时，是一种十分正式的用法，有“提问；询问；审问”的意思。例如：The police (审问)him for three hours before letting him go.重点短语： by doing sth 通过做. read aloud朗读 speaking skills口语技能 that way那样 word groups 词组 spoken English英语口语 finish doing sth完成做. give a report 做报告 main idea 主旨大意 be patient with sb对.有耐心 It tak

26、es time.慢慢来 the secret to do sth 做.的秘密 be afraid to do sth不敢做. be afraid of doing sth害怕做. be afraid that. 恐怕 Im afraid so.恐怕是这样吧！ Im afraid not恐怕不是吧！ look up查阅fall in love with 爱上 body language 肢体语言 key words 关键词 as well 也 at first起初 have a good understanding of sth 充分理解 practice doing sth 练习做. take

27、 notes 做笔记 keep a diary 写日记 reading speed 阅读速度 make mistakes in犯.的错误 be born with 天生具备depend on sth依靠、指望 have. in common mind有.共同之处 create/have an interest in 建立.的兴趣pay attention to 注意、关注 for a long time 很长时间 connect. with/to sth 联系/连接 keep doing sth保持做. study skills 学习技能 mind map思维图、脑图 explain.to.

28、向.解释. learning habit学习习惯 the ability to do sth 做.的能力 call / ring sb. up 给某人打电话 call on sb. 拜访某人 call on sb to do sth号召.做. call out 大声呼喊； call at sp 拜访某地 call for 要求 需要 look up 查阅; 抬头看 look after 照顾 look like 看起来像 look out 当心, 小心往外看 look through 浏览;翻看 look for 寻找 look forward to (doing sth) 期待 look a

29、round 向四周看 have/take a look (at) 看一看 look over 检查 thinkabout想起，考虑 think back 回想thinkof想到，认为 thinkover仔细考虑 thinkout仔细考虑，想出 thinkup想出 mistake for把误认为 bymistake错误地课文再现一： Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English, because the teacher spoke too quickly. But she was afraid to ask questions. In English cl

30、ass, she just hid behind her textbook and never said anything. After she watched an English movie, she fell in love with English movies. She realized she could get the meaning by listening for just the key words. She also discovered listening to something you are interested in is the secret to langu

31、age learning. She really loves English class now. She wants to learn new words and more grammar so that she can have a better understanding of English movies.课文再现二： Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. Studies show that

32、if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. So it is a good idea to connect something you need to learn with something you are interested in. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it

33、. So remember the sayings use it or lose it and practice makes perfect . Good learners learn from their mistakes, and they are not afraid of making mistakes. Learning is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new. So learn wisely and learn well.一单元作文模板Dear.,In your letter you asked me

34、 how to learn English. There are three good ways to learn English. You can learn by reading story books, watching videos, listening to tapes and so on. I think you should first learn English by reading some English story books. If you do this, you will improve your reading speed. The second way is t

35、rying to watch English videos.This way you can get the meaning by listening for just the key words or watching their body language. Its also a good idea to learn English by listening to tapes because you can also improve your pronunciation , so that you can communicate better with others in English.

36、Hope you can improve your English! Your friend, Unit2 知识要点1. People go on the streets to throw water at each other. throw at 抛向；泼向；洒向。动词throw 后接所投掷的物体，用介词at引入泼洒的对象。 e.g. The monkey a stone me. 猴子朝我扔了一块石头。1. Chinese people have been celebrating Mid -Autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centurie

37、s. have been doing 是现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去到现在一直在进行，且可能还会进行下去。 .eg.这些日子以来他一直在写论文。 for centuries 几百年2. They carry peoples wishes to the families (that) they love and miss. they love and miss是定语从句，修饰the families。关系代词that在从句中作宾语时可以省去。.eg. 1).我很喜欢他给我们讲的故事。 2).你还记得我给你的那只笔吗？ 3. However, most people think that the

38、 story of Change is the most touching. 1) the story of Change is the most touching是宾语从句，关联词that引导宾语从句时可以省略。 2) 第一个most是“大多数”之意，第二个 most在touching前面构成最高级。 .eg. 多数同学认为他是班上最细心的。 4. Whoever drank this could live forever. whoever意为“无论谁，不管什么人，任何人”。用于引导从句。 Whoever drank this是主语从句，在句中作主语。.eg. 1). 最后离开教室的同学要关

39、门。 2). 我会记得任何一个帮助过我的人。 类似的词有：whatever意为“无论什么”: 1). 无论你说啥，我都信。 whenever 意为“无论何时”，wherever意为“无在哪里”，however意为“无论怎样”。它们等同“no matter + wh”结构。用于引导让步状语从句。.eg. 1).无论你去哪里，我都跟随你。 2). 无论我跑多快，我都赶不上他。 3).无论你何时来，你都能找到我。 5. Hou Yi was so sad that he called out her name to the moon every night. 1) so that “如此 以至于 ”

40、，so 是副词，其后跟形容词或副词，that后跟句子。如： He was happy he jumped up.他那么高兴以至于跳了起来。 2) call out to 对着大喊6. He quickly laid out her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden. lay 下(蛋)；产(卵);放置；安放；其词形变化 为：laylayslayinglaidlaid。lay (sth) out 铺开，摆开 e.g. He the map on the table. 另外两个拼写相似的单词分别是： lie-lies-lying-lay-lain

41、躺，位于； lie-lies-lying-lied-lied 撒谎7. How he wished that Change could come back！这是一个感叹句，其中Change could come back是宾语从句。 wish所表达的愿望往往是不可能实现的，或一种祝愿，所以其后引导的从句中的动词常用虚拟语气.eg. 1). 我多希望能够我能够飞翔！ 2). 我希望他明天能来。 宾语从句：概念：在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句由“关联词+主 语+谓语”构成。 引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if, whether, what, who, where

42、, why和 how等。从句原形关联词例句陈述句that（在口语或非正式文体中常省略）I think (that) Halloween is a fun festival. Mary thinks (that) the teams were just fantastic. Many think (that) sharks are too strong to be endangered.一般疑问句whether, if（在口语中常用if）I wonder if/whether theyll have the races again next year. Ben wonders if/whethe

43、r April is a good time to visit Thailand.特殊疑问句who, what, which, when, where, how, whyCould you please tell me where the restrooms are? Do you know when the bookstore closes today? Can you tell me who she is?宾语从句的三要素：一、关联词： that, if, whether, what, who, where, why和how等。二、时态：当主句用一般过去时时态时，宾语从句要用过去的某种时态

44、。三、语序：宾语从句用陈述句语序，即”主语+ 谓语“。如： 他问我我的学校在哪儿。 我不知道他是谁。【例句】 1. She said (她会给我留信) 2. He wants to know (你是否是医生.) 3. Do you know (他何时买的这个盒子) 4. Teresa told her son (树叶在秋天会变黄).【结论】 A.当宾语从句具有陈述意义时，用_引导。它在句子中只起引导作用，在口语中常可省略。当宾语从 句具有疑问意义时，可用_或whether引导。它们在句子中的意思是_（如果/是否）。或者用连 接代词（what, who, which等）或连接副词（when, w

45、here, how, why等）引导。 B.宾语从句的时态一般受主句时态的影响。当主句是_或一般将来时，宾语从句可以根据具体 情况用适当的时态；当主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的_。但当从句表示的是名言、客观 真理或自然现象等时，一般_ (不受/受)主句时态的限制，均用一般现在时。 C.宾语从句要用_(陈述/疑问)语序。感叹句 用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。感叹句一般用what或how引导，句末用 感叹号。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词。 what引导的感叹句: 1) What + a/ an + adj.+可数单数(+主谓语)! e.g. What a brave

46、 boy (Tom is)! What an excellent idea (it is)! 2) What + adj.+可数名词复数(+主谓语)! e.g. What beautiful pictures (they are)! 3) What + adj. + 不可数名词(+主谓语)! e.g. What delicious food (it is)!how引导的感叹句： How +adj. / adv.+主语+谓语! e.g. How happy the children were! How carefully he is reading! 注意：一般情况下，以what和how开头的感

47、叹句可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。 e.g. What a tall building it is! = How tall the building is!1. One is Mothers Day on the second Sunday of May, and the other is Fathers Day another, the other, others & the others another和the other都有“另一个”的意思。another指多个中的泛指的“另一个”；the other则指两个中的 特指的“另一个”，常与one构成固定one . the other .，“

48、一个另一个”。 e.g. 1). The shoes dont fit me. Would you please show me pair? 鞋不适合我，你能给我看看另外一双吗？ 2). My sister has two skirts. is yellow, is black. 我姐姐有两条裙子。一条是黄色的， 另外一条是黑色的。 others (=other+复数名词)与the others (=the other+复数名词)均含有“其他一些”的意思。others泛指多部分 中的一部分，可与some构成固定结构some . others .，“一些一些”；the others则特指剩余的一

49、 部分。 E.g. 1). Somelike fruit and vegetables, like junk food. 一些人喜欢吃水果和蔬菜，还有一些人喜欢吃垃圾食品。 2). Two of you can go to the lab with me, and will have to stay in the classroom. 你们当中的两人可以跟我去实验室，剩下的人将呆在教室。1. But behind all these things lies the true meaning of Christmas 注意lie, lie,与lay过去式与过去分词的拼写：lie v. 存在; 平

50、躺; 处于 lie v. 撒谎 lay v. 下蛋; 产卵 【运用】用lie或lay的适当形式填空。 1) _ in bed all the time is bad for your health. 2) The hen _ an egg every day. 3) My mother _ on the sofa for about an hour this morning. 4) The duck _ three eggs last week.2. He warns Scrooge to change his ways if he doesnt want to end up like him

51、. warn v. 警告；告诫；常用于以下固定短语: warn sb. (not) to do sth. 表示“警告某人(不要)干某事”； warn sb. of/about sth. 表示“提醒 / 警告某人注意某事”。如: 1).The police (警告我们不要外出)at night. 2).They (提醒他有危险). 3).She .(警告她儿子吸烟的危害) end up 最终成为; 最后处于 常构成短语 end up doing sth最终做.；end up with /in 最终以.结束 1). He his childhood sweetheart.(最终娶了青梅竹马的恋人)

52、. 2). I wonder the first prize.(谁最终获得第一呢) 3). If he goes on behaving like that, he (终会坐牢) 3. He is mean and only thinks about himself. mean在句中作形容词, 意思是“吝啬的; 小气的; 自私的”。 be mean to sb 对.小气；be mean with sth 在.很吝啬；其反义词是generous。如: 1).Mr. Smith is a old man .(小气的老头) 2). He those who worked for him.他对那些为他工作的人刻薄小气。 3).Some people around us are .我们周围有些人在金钱方面十分吝啬。4. He also tells Scrooge to expect three spirits to visit him.他还告诉斯克鲁奇准备好等待三个幽灵的造访。 此句中spirit是“灵魂; 鬼怪;