中英文对照工程施工方案

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1、第八章 各分局部项工程的施工方案Chapter 8 Construction Scheme of Subprojects 8.1 土建施工方案8.1 Civil Engineering Construction Scheme 工程测量 Engineering Surveying1） 测量概述1) Measurement Overview为满足工程施工特点，该工程的测量控制网按照“从整体到局部，高精度控制低精度的原那么，由高到低设置三级控制网，各级控制网相互衔接，统一为整体系统。In order to meet the characteristics of construction, the s

2、urvey control networks of the project have three levels from high to low in accordance with the principle “From the whole to the part; High precision controls low precision. Control networks at all levels should be connected, thus forming the overall system. 1、 测量考前须知1. Measurement Considerations建筑物

3、占地面积超大，这对轴线控制网的布设和投测带来难度，需要充分利用高精度电子全站仪进行轴线控制网的布设及细部测量放线，钢尺作为辅助；轴线投测时，仪器要架设在建筑物两端，以减少投测误差。As the buildings occupy a large area, which brings difficulty to the layout design and measurement of the axis control network, the electronic total station with high precision should be used to lay the network

4、 and do detailed survey with steel rulers as assistive devices. When transfer of building lines is conducted, instruments should be erected on both ends of the buildings to minimize measuring errors.2、 测量前准备工作2. Preparations before measurement1、测量仪器检定：本工程使用的所用测量仪器及工具包括专业分包的测量仪器均应经国家计量单位检校合格并在有效时间之内。

5、(1) Measuring instrument calibration: All measuring instruments and tools (including those used in professional subcontracts) should be examined and calibrated by the national units of measurement and meet the standards within the effective time. 2、校核图纸：总图校核，包括建筑物定位依据及条件；校核建筑图、结构图、机电图纸是否对应。(2) Check

6、ing drawings: Check the general drawing, including the position basis and conditions of buildings; Check whether architectural drawings, structural drawings and electrical mechanical drawings correspond to one another. 3、根据建筑总平面要求，对规划勘测部门提供的坐标点和水准点进行复核，确保工程测量的准确性。(3) Check the coordinate points and

7、benchmarks given by Planning Survey department in accordance with the requirements of the building general layout and ensure the accuracy of engineering surveying. 4、施测用辅助材料如标高控制桩油漆、麻线等提前准备到位。(4) Auxiliary measuring materials should be prepared in advance in place, such as elevation control pile pai

8、nt, twine, etc. 5、测量仪器及人员准备：成立测量组组长，负责整个工程的测量与验线工作。人员、仪器配置如下：(5) Preparation of measuring instruments and personnel: Appoint a team leader in charge of the measurement and checking of building lines of the whole project. Personnel and instrument configurations are as follows:测量组：Measurement group:技术

9、组3人，负责编制测量方案/作业指导书，内业管理，收集检查施工测量数据，控制网及高程网的测设与校核。Technology group: 3 persons, responsible for preparing the measurement program / work instructions, doing interior management, collecting and checking the construction survey data, and measuring and checking the control network and the height net.放线组6

10、人，负责测量放线。Group for setting building lines: 6 persons, responsible for measurement and setting out.验线组3人，负责测量放线的检查和验收。Group for checking building lines: 3 persons, responsible for checking and accepting measurement and setting out. 2） 控制系统的建立2) The establishment of the control system1、 控制网的分级1. Gradi

11、ng of the control network平面控制网是土建、钢结构、机电安装、沉降及变形观测施工测量的依据，也是监理等各检测单位复查的基准。布网原那么：遵循“从整体到局部，先控制后碎部的原那么。布网要求：各级平面控制点可靠、稳定、使用方便；通视条件好，检校方便，满足施工精度要求。由于该工程量巨大，而且工况复杂，因而必须设置多级平面控制网，而且各级控制网之间必须形成有机的整体。由此本工程建立三级平面控制网。The horizontal control network is the construction surveying basis for civil engineering, st

12、eel structures, mechanical and electrical installation, subsidence and deformation observations, and it is also the checking benchmark for the supervising unit and other detection units. The principle for setting the network is “From the whole to the part; first control and then smash each part. The

13、 requirements for setting the network are as follows: horizontal control points at all levels should be reliable, stable and easy to use; the points should have good intervisibility, can be checked conveniently and meet the construction accuracy requirements. Due to the large work amount and complex

14、 working conditions, multi-level horizontal control networks should be set up and networks at all levels must form an organic whole. The project sets up a three-level horizontal control network. (1） 首级平面控制网(1) Horizontal control network at the primary level 首级平面控制网是在业主提供的一级坐标点其坐标见下表根底上，根据建筑物的总平面定位图，

15、建立一个稳定可靠，不受施工影响的施工控制网。The horizontal control network at the primary level is based on the coordinate points provided by the proprietor (see the following table). In line with the general layout positioning map, a reliable construction control network, free from the influence of construction, is esta

16、blished. 该控制网作为首级平面控制网，它是二级平面控制网建立和复核的唯一依据,也是幕墙装修测量、机电安装测量、沉降及变形观测的唯一依据，在整个工程施工期间，必须保证这个控制网的稳定可靠。该控制点的设置位置选择在稳定可靠处，用水泥钢钉打入硬化路面，作为标记，并用红油漆标注。假设是未硬化处，要浇注混凝土，并设置保护装置。This network, as the one at the primary level, is the only basis for the establishment of the horizontal control network at the secondary

17、 level, checking work, the measurement of curtain wall decoration and mechanical and electrical installation, and the observation of subsidence and deformation. In the construction process, the stability and reliability of the control network must be ensured. So the control point should be set at a

18、stable and reliable place. Concrete nails should be driven into the hardened road surface as a mark and the place should be painted red. In the event that the place is not hardened, concrete should be poured and protective devices should be set. 根据总平面定位图及现场场地实际情况，我们根据坐标点，沿着建筑物周围建立首级平面控制网。依据工程进度定期结构施

19、工阶段每月一次对该控制网点进行观测比拟，并及时对破坏的控制点进行修复。首级平面控制网如以下图：In accordance with the general layout positioning map and the practical situation of the work site, the horizontal control network at the primary level should be established around the buildings based on coordinate points. Based on the progress of the p

20、roject, observe and compare the control network regularly (once a month in the construction period) and repair the damaged control points timely. The horizontal control network at the primary level is as shown below in the figure:(2） 二级平面控制网(2) The horizontal control network at the secondary level二级

21、平面控制网的布网以首级平面控制网为依据，布置在施工现场以内相对可靠处，用于为受破坏可能性较大的下一级平面控制网的恢复提供基准，同时也可直接引用该级平面控制网中的控制点测量。二级平面控制网应包括建筑物的主要轴线，并组成封闭图形。The establishment is based on the horizontal control network at the primary level. The network at the secondary level should be set up at a relatively reliable place inside the constructi

22、on site. It is used for providing the basis for the restoring work of the network at the next level that is more likely to be damaged. In addition, the control points of the network at the secondary level can be used directly for measurement. The horizontal control network at the secondary level sho

23、uld include the main axes of buildings and form a closed figure. (3） 三级平面控制网(3) The horizontal control network at the third level本工程办公用房地上13层，拟布设三级平面控制网，三层用激光铅垂仪“内控法进行轴线的竖向传递，12层的直接根据二级平面控制网用“外控法。The horizontal control network at the third level is planned to be established in the offices on 13 floo

24、r above ground. On the third floor, axes are passed vertically by “internal control method using laser plummet apparatus. On the first and the second floors, “external control method is used based on the horizontal control network at the secondary level.在首层楼板上，根据施工段平面形状、结构、面积和施工顺序，确定每段布置24个内控点，先施工的第

25、一流水段点位要多，其他流水段点位可减少，但要与先施工的轴线进行联测。所选择的传递点位尽量拉开距离，以保证测量精度，并且点位传递上来后，要能通视。On the first floor, 24 internal control points should be made in each segment in accordance with the plane shape, structure and area of the construction segment, and the construction sequence. The pipeline stage that will be in

26、construction first should have more point locations. Other pipeline stages should have less point locations but should be measured with the axes that will be in construction first. The distance between delivering points selected should be as much as possible to ensure the accuracy of measurement. Th

27、e points delivered should have good intervisibility.(4） 点位竖向投测(4) Vertical measurement of point locations点位竖向投测允许误差Allowable error of vertical measurement of point locations工程允许偏差mm每层3总高HH30m5ItemsAllowable deviation (mm)Each layer3Overall height HH30m5点位传递上来后，用经纬仪及钢尺放出各轴线。When points are delivered,

28、 draw the axes with a theodolite and steel rulers. 首先将激光垂准仪安置在已作好的控制点上，对中整平后，仪器发射激光束，穿过楼板洞口而直射到激光接收靶上，激光垂准仪操作人员将激光点调至最小最亮，转动仪器，使激光点在接收靶上形成圆圈，上面操作接收靶人员见光后移动接收靶，使靶交点与圆圈中点重合，此时固定靶位，接收靶中心即控制点位置。投测时测量人员互相之间用对讲机进行联络。First, put the laser plummet at the control points that have already been settled. In the

29、leveling, the instrument emits a laser beam, passing through floor openings and directly going to the laser receiving target. The operator of the laser plummet should adjust the laser point to the minimum and the brightest and then turn the instrument, thus making the laser point forming circles on

30、the laser receiving target. Once the operator of the laser receiving target sees the light, he moves the receiving target, makes the intersection coincide with the midpoint of the circle and then fixes the receiving target. The center of the receiving target is then the control point. When measuring

31、, the measurement staff should communicate by intercom. 降水工程 Precipitation engineering本工程采用建筑物周边挖明渠，场内采用轻井点型降水方式。In the project, open channels should be dug around buildings. Light well point precipitation is adopted on the construction site.1、 施工准备1. Construction preparations1.1施工机具1.1 Construction

32、 equipments(1) 滤管：38-55mm，壁厚3.0mm无缝钢管或镀锌管,长2.Om左右，一端用厚为4.0mm钢板焊死，在此端1.4m长范围内，在管壁上钻15mm的小圆孔，孔距为25mm，外包两层滤网，滤网采用编织布，外再包一层网眼较大的尼龙丝网，每隔50-60mm用1O号铅丝绑扎一道，滤管另一端与井点管进行联结。(1) Filter tubes: 38-55mm, seamless steel tubes or galvanized pipes with a wall thickness of 3.0mm and a length of about 2.0m. One end of

33、 the tubes should be welded with steel plates with a thickness of 4.0mm. In the range of 1.4m at this end, drill 15mm small round holes in the tube wall. The distance between holes is 25mm. Tubes should be wrapped by two layers of strainers made of woven and then be wrapped by one layer of nylon mes

34、h with bigger meshes. No. 10 galvanized wire is used to bind the tube at intervals of 50-60mm. The other end of filter tubes should be connected with well-point pipes. (2) 井点管：38-55mm，壁厚为3.0mm无缝钢管或镀锌管。(2) Well-point pipes: 38-55mm, seamless steel tubes or galvanized pipes with a wall thickness of 3.

35、0mm.(3) 连接管：透明管或胶皮管与井点管和总管连接，采用8号铅丝绑扎，应扎紧以防漏气。(3) Connecting pipes: Transparent tubes or rubber tubes being connected with well-point pipes and header pipes are bound by No. 8 galvanized wire to prevent air leakage. (4) 总管：75-102mm钢管，壁厚为4mm，用法兰盘加橡胶垫圈连接，防止漏气、漏水。(4) Header pipes: 75-102mm steel tubes

36、with a wall thickness of 4mm being connected by flanges and rubber washers to prevent air or water leakage. (5) 抽水设备：根据设计配备离心泵、真空泵或射流泵，以及机组配件和水箱。(5) Pumping equipments: Provide a centrifugal pump, a vacuum pump or a jet pump and unit accessories and water tank in accordance with the design. (6) 移动机具

37、：自制移动式井架(采用振冲机架旧设备)、牵引力为6t的绞车。(6) Mobile equipments: Homemade mobile derrick (use vibro rack old equipments) and a winch with the traction of 6t.(7)凿孔冲击管：2198mm的钢管，其长度为10m。(7) Punching shock tubes: 2198mm steel tubes with a length of 10m.(8)水枪：505mm无缝钢管,下端焊接一个16mm的枪头喷嘴,上端弯成大约直角,且伸出冲击管外,与高压胶管连接。(8) H

38、ydraulic monitors: 505mm seamless steel tubes. A 16mm head nozzle is welded at the bottom and the upper end is bent to approximately right angles and stretches out the shock tubes and is connected with the high-pressure hose.(9)蛇形高压胶管：压力应到达1.50MPa以上。(9) Coiled high-pressure hoses: The pressure shoul

39、d be above 1.50MPa. (10)高压水泵：100TSW一7高压离心泵，配备一个压力表，作下井管之用。(10) High pressure water pumps: 100TSW-7 high pressure centrifugal pumps, equipped with a pressure gauge for downhole tubes. 1.2材料1.2 Materials 粗砂与豆石，不得采用中砂，严禁使用细砂，以防堵塞滤管网眼。Coarse sand and pisolite should be used. No medium sand or fine sand

40、is allowed to be used to prevent clogging the mesh of filter tubes. 1.3技术准备1.3 Technical preparations(1) 详细查阅工程地质勘察报告，了解工程地质情况，分析降水过程中可能出现的技术问题和采取的对策。(1) View the reports about engineering geological investigation in detail; learn about engineering geology; analyze technical problems that may occur

41、in the precipitation process and find out relevant solutions.(2) 凿孔设备与抽水设备检查。(2) Check drilling equipments and pumping equipments.1.4平整场地1.4 Land leveling为了节省机械施工费用，不使用履带式吊车，采用碎石桩振冲设备的自制简易车架，因此场地平整度要高一些，设备进场前进行场地平整，以便于车架在场地内移动。To reduce mechanical construction costs, crawler cranes are not used. The

42、 homemade simple frame of gravel pile vibro equipment is adopted. Therefore, the site flatness should be high. Before equipments enter the work site, the site should be leveled so that the frame can move freely within the field.2、 操作工艺2. Technique process2.1井点安装2.1 Installation of well points安装程序 In

43、stallation program井点放线定位安装高位水泵凿孔安装埋设井点管布置安装总管井点管与总管连接安装抽水设备试抽与检查正式投入降水程序。Setting out and positioning at well points-installing high pressure water pump-installing gouges and burying well-point pipes-arranging and installing header pipes-connecting well-point pipes and header pipes-installing pumping

44、 equipments-testing pumping and checking- putting into precipitation process formally.井点管埋设 Burying well-point pipes (1) 根据建设单位提供测量控制点，测量放线确定井点位置，然后在井位先挖一个小土坑，深大约500mm，以便于冲击孔时集水，埋管时灌砂，并用水沟将小坑与集水坑连接，以便于排泄多余水。井点管深度取6m，井管间距取1m。(1) Settle measurements and setting-out route and well points in accordance

45、with the control points provided by the construction unit. Then dig a small hole with a depth of about 500mm so as to collect water when the hole is impacted and to fill sand when pipes are laid. Connect the hole with sump pits by a ditch to drain off excess water. The depth for laying well-point pi

46、pes is 6m and the distance between pipes is 1m.(2) 用绞车将简易井架移到井点位置，将套管水枪对准井点位置，启动高压水泵，水压控制在，在水枪高压水射流冲击下套管开始下沉，并不断地升降套管与水枪。一般含砂的粘土，按经验，套管落距在1000mm之内。在射水与套管冲切作用下，大约在10-15min时间之内，井点管可下沉1Om左右，假设遇到较厚的纯粘土时，沉管时间要延长，此时可采取增加高压水泵的压力，以到达加速沉管的速度。冲击孔的成孔直径应到达300-350mm，保证管壁与井点管之间有一定间隙，以便于填充砂石，冲孔深度应比滤管设计安置深度低500mm以上

47、，以防止冲击套管提升拔出时局部土塌落，并使滤管底部存有足够的砂石。(2) Use a winch to move the simple derrick to well points. Adjust the casing hydraulic monitor right to the well point. Start the high pressure water pump. Control the water pressure in 0.40.8Mpa. Under the impact of high pressure water jet, drivepipes begin to sink

48、and drivepipes and the hydraulic monitor are lifted ceaselessly. Based on experience, in the general sandy clay, the drop distance of drivepipes is within 1000mm. Under the punching impact of water jet and drivepipes, well-point pipes can sink about 10m in 1015minutes. If pipes are buried in thicker

49、 pure clay, the time will be longer. In this case, the pressure of the high pressure water pump can be increased so that the sinking speed of pipes can go up. The drilling diameter of impingement holes should be 300350mm. There must be gaps between the tube wall and well-point pipes to fill sand and

50、 gravel. Impingement holes should be installed above 500mm lower than filter tubes in order to prevent some soil slumps when drivepipes are pushed upwards and to make sure that there is enough sand and gravel at the bottom of filter tubes. 凿孔冲击管上下移动时应保持垂直，这样才能使井点降水井壁保持垂直，假设在凿孔时遇到较大的石块和砖块，会出现倾斜现象，此时成

51、孔的直径也应尽量保持上下一致。Punching shock tubes should keep vertical when they move up and down so that the sidewalls of well points dewatering can also keep vertical. If there are big stones or bricks in the process of punching, the tubes will tilt a little and in this case the diameter should stay in the same

52、 vertical line as the upper holes.井孔冲击成型后，应拔出冲击管，通过单滑轮，用绳索拉起井点管插入，井点管的上端应用木塞塞住，以防砂石或其他杂物进入，并在井点管与孔壁之间填灌砂石滤层，该砂石滤层的填充质量直接影响轻型井点降水的效果，应注意以下几点：When a borehole is shaped, shock tubes should be pulled out. And then well-point pipes should be lifted by using a single-sheaved block and a rope and be insert

53、ed in the borehole. The upper end of well-point pipes should be plugged with a cork to avoid sand, gravel or other stuff getting into the pipes. A sand filter layer should be made between well-point pipes and walls of holes. The filling quality can directly influence the effect of light well point p

54、recipitation. The following points need to be paid attention to.1) 砂石必须采用粗砂，以防止堵塞滤管的网眼。1) Coarse sand should be used so as to prevent the clogging of the mesh of the filter tube.2) 滤管应放置在井孔的中间，砂石滤层的厚度应在60-1OOmm之间，以提高透水性，并防止土粒渗入滤管堵塞滤管的网眼，填砂厚度要均匀，速度要快，填砂中途不得中断，以防孔壁塌土。2) Filter tubes should be placed i

55、n the middle of boreholes. The thickness of sand filter layer is 60100mm to improve water permeability and prevent soil particles from penetrating the filter tubes and clogging the mesh. The sand thickness should be in uniform. The sand filling should be quick and shall not be interrupted in the mid

56、dle to prevent hole walls from collapsing.3) 滤砂层的填充高度，至少要超过滤管顶以上1000-1800m，一般应填至原地下水位线以上，以保证土层水流上下畅通。3) The packing height of the filter sand layer should be at least 1000-1800m high above the top of filter tubes. Ordinarily, the layer should be filled till the underground water level to ensure that

57、 soil water can flow smoothly up and down.4) 井点填砂后，井口以下1.0-1.5m用粘土封口压实，防止漏气而降低降水效果。4) After sand filling at well points, seal the place 1.01.5m below the wellhead with clay and then compact the clay to prevent air leakage thus reducing precipitation effects.冲洗井管 Washing well pipes将15-30mm的胶管插入井点管底部进

58、行注水清洗，直到流出清水为止，应逐根进行清洗，防止出现“死井“。Insert 15-30mm rubber tubes into the bottom of well-point pipes. Inject water and clean pipes till clear water flows out. Pipes should be cleaned one by one and “dead wells should be avoided.管路安装 Pipeline installation首先沿井点管线外侧，铺设集水毛管，并用胶垫螺栓把干管连接起来，主干管连接水箱水泵，然后拔掉井点管上端的

59、木塞，用胶管与主管连接好，再用10#铅丝绑好，防止管路不严、漏气，而降低整个管路的真空度。主管路的流水坡度按坡向泵房5的坡度并用砖将主干管垫好。并作好冬季降水防冻、保温。First, lay catchment hollow billets along the well-point pipes and connect main pipes with pad bolts. Connect main pipes and water tanks and pumps. Unplug the cork at the upper end of well-point pipes. Connect rubbe

60、r tubes and main pipes. Tie the connecting point with 10# galvanized wire to prevent air leakage from reducing the vacuum degree of the overall pipeline. The water gradient of the main pipeline should be 5 of the degree between the slope and the pump room. Use bricks to make main pipes in place and

61、do freeze protection and insulation work during the winter precipitation.检查管路 Checking pipelines检查集水干管与井点管连接的胶管的各个接头，在试抽水时是否有漏气现象，发现这种情况应重新连接或用油腻子堵塞，重新拧紧法兰盘螺栓和胶管的铅丝，直至不漏气为止。在正式运转抽水之前必须进行试抽，以检查抽水设备运转是否正常，管路是否存在漏气现象。在水泵进水管上安装一个真空表，在水泵的出水管上，安装一个压力表。为了观测降水深度，是否到达施工组织设计所要求的降水深度，在基坑中心设置一个观测井点，以便于通过观测井点测量水

62、位，并描绘出降水曲线。Check every joint of rubber tubes connecting catchment main pipes and well-point pipes. Pay attention to water leakage in pumping. Once there is leakage, reconnect the tube or plug it with oil putty, or tighten flange bolts and the galvanized wire till there is no air leakage. Before the

63、pump is put in use formally, it has to be tested to check whether it is in normal operation or whether there is air leakage in the pipeline. Install a vacuum mater at the water inlet of pumps and a pressure meter at the outlet. Set up a well point for observation in the center of the foundation pit

64、to check whether the precipitation depth is up to the requirements of the construction organization design and to depict the precipitation curve.在试抽时，应检查整个管网的真空度，应到达550mmHg(73.33KPa)，方可进行正式投入抽水。Before testing pumps, check the vacuum degree of the entire pipe network. The vacuum degree should reach 5

65、50 mmHg (73.33KPa) and then the pumps can be put into use. 2.2抽水2.2 Pumping water轻型井点管网全部安装完毕后，进行试抽。当抽水设备运转一切正常后，整个抽水管路无漏气现象，可以投入正常抽水作业。开机一个星期后，将形成地下降水漏斗，并趋向稳定，土方工程可在降水10d后开挖。When light well point pipe network is installed, begin to test pumping. Pumping equipments can be put into normal pumping operations unless they work n