英语高考复习阅读理解题型专项—理解主旨和要义（唐艳玲老师）

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1、Class 4 Senior 3English20132013高考英语高考英语二轮复习二轮复习题型专项题型专项听力听力单项选择单项选择完形填空完形填空阅读理解阅读理解短文改错短文改错书面表达书面表达根据上下文根据上下文推断生词的词义推断生词的词义 作出简单作出简单判断和推理判断和推理 理解作者的理解作者的意图、观点和态度意图、观点和态度 理解文章的理解文章的基本结构基本结构 理解文中理解文中具体信息具体信息 理解主旨和要义理解主旨和要义 阅读理解阅读理解二轮复习二轮复习20132013高考英语高考英语考纲说明考纲说明题型专项题型专项阅读理解（阅读理解（1 1）理解主旨和要义理解主旨和要义二轮复

2、习二轮复习20132013高考英语高考英语二轮复习二轮复习20132013高考英语高考英语 高考阅读理解中主旨大意题是阅读高考阅读理解中主旨大意题是阅读理解的必考题型之一。准确判定和把握理解的必考题型之一。准确判定和把握短文中心思想是阅读理解题的必备技巧，短文中心思想是阅读理解题的必备技巧，尽管有些阅读短文没有设计主旨要义题，尽管有些阅读短文没有设计主旨要义题，但掌握如何获得主旨大意的策略对考生但掌握如何获得主旨大意的策略对考生而言是非常有必要的，其重要性也是不而言是非常有必要的，其重要性也是不言而喻的。通常这类题的题干句子中含言而喻的。通常这类题的题干句子中含都含有都含有main idea,

3、 topic, subjectmain idea, topic, subject或或mainlymainly等词眼。等词眼。 二轮复习二轮复习20132013高考英语高考英语段落大意段落大意 全文大意全文大意 归纳标题归纳标题Whats the main idea of Paragraph ? What does the text mainly talk about? What can be the best title for the text? Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text? What

4、does the author mostly want to tell us in Paragraph ? What does the text mainly discuss? Whats the topic / subject of the passage?主旨和要义考查题型主旨和要义考查题型常见提问方式常见提问方式20132013高考英语高考英语二轮复习二轮复习请结合课前作业谈谈你的解题思路请结合课前作业谈谈你的解题思路 从从 找大意找大意 （） 段落大意段落大意 从从 找大意找大意 （） （主题句）（主题句） 从从 找大意找大意 （） 大意大意 （） 全文大意全文大意 归纳标题：概括归纳

5、标题：概括 ，加以提炼，加以提炼以表示以表示 的词为核心，与表示控制概的词为核心，与表示控制概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为能高度概括念的词按一定的语法浓缩为能高度概括 的的词组，名词性从句，简单句或祈使句。词组，名词性从句，简单句或祈使句。合作探究合作探究 Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a cha

6、nce to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that b

7、egins Twinkle, twinkle, little star or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. 67. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D.

8、 Stories for children are easy to remember. 段落大意（主题句）段落大意（主题句） 从从 找大意找大意 （） 从从 找大意找大意 （） 从从 找大意找大意 （） 大意大意 （）二轮复习二轮复习20132013高考英语高考英语段落首句段落首句段落尾句段落尾句段落中段落中归纳总结段落归纳总结段落主旨和要义题型解题技巧主旨和要义题型解题技巧 One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1

9、879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (

10、引文引文) showing how it was used. This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an A

11、merican surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as Broadmoor, Crowthome, Berkshire, 50 miles from Oxford. Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff s most valued co

12、ntributors. But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthome himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum (精神病院精神病院) for the Criminally insane. M

13、urray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10, 000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for a

14、n asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend. Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414, 825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very schola

15、rly and devoted asylum patient.66. What does the text mainly talk about?A. The history of the English language. B.The friendship between Murray and MinorC. Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary. D. Broadmoor Asylum and its patients.二轮复习二轮复习20132013高考英语高考英语主旨和要义题型解题技巧主旨和要义题型解题技巧全文大意全文大意1. 读首尾

16、段抓主旨。（首段，尾段，或将读首尾段抓主旨。（首段，尾段，或将两段结合考虑）两段结合考虑）2. 归纳各段落抓主旨。（综合各段的段落归纳各段落抓主旨。（综合各段的段落大意，归纳全文大意）大意，归纳全文大意）3. 注意：主题段也有可能出现在文章中间。注意：主题段也有可能出现在文章中间。 Honey (蜂蜜蜂蜜) from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the on

17、ly way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest (巢巢) and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper - a little bird called a hon

18、ey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax (蜂蜡蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attract

19、s the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bi

20、rd patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax fr

21、om a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.59. What can be the best title for the text?A. Wild Bees C. Beekeeping in Africa B. Wax and Honey D. Honey-Lovers Helper 二轮复习二轮复习2

22、0132013高考英语高考英语主旨和要义题型解题技巧主旨和要义题型解题技巧归纳标题归纳标题概括概括 ，加以提炼，加以提炼以表示以表示 的词为核心，与表的词为核心，与表示控制概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为示控制概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为能高度概括能高度概括 的的词组，名词性从句，简单句或祈使句。词组，名词性从句，简单句或祈使句。中心思想中心思想主题主题主题句主题句/ /中心思想中心思想二轮复习二轮复习20132013高考英语高考英语Have a try!Have a try!当堂训练：请阅读两篇短文并在规当堂训练：请阅读两篇短文并在规定时间内（定时间内（12 mins12 mins）完成读后任务）完

23、成读后任务主旨和要义题型当堂训练主旨和要义题型当堂训练 If you are camping at a camp ground, you will not have much choice about where you camp. You must stay within the site area the owners show you. If you are camping in the wilderness, you can choose your own camp site. A good camp site will have water nearby for drinking a

24、nd cooking. Look for ground that is flat and dry. Avoid rocky ground, or you will say “ouch!” when you try to sleep! If you will be building a fire, look for dry firewood to gather nearby. You will also need to be on the lookout for things you do not want. Hornets (马马蜂蜂) nest, poison ivy (常春藤常春藤) an

25、d ant hills can make your camping trip miserable. If you see any nearby, set up your camp site elsewhere. You will also want to avoid camping near bears or other animals. If you see animal tracks, take them as a sign that animals have already occupied the area. For your own safety, move on. Its impo

26、rtant when camping in the wilderness to let someone know where you are. Otherwise, if you get lost, no one will know! Then who would come to rescue you? Find the park rangers station (护林站护林站) when you go into any wilderness area and talk to the rangers. It is their job to know the forest. They can t

27、ell you about which places to seek out and which to avoid. A good plan is to promise to stop by after your trip. That way, they will know you return safely. If you do not show up, they will come looking for you. Taking these few practical precautions (预防措施预防措施) will make your trip safer and more fun

28、. 2. The second paragraph mainly tells us what a good camp site should have.3. According to the third paragraph, we should avoid animals for our safety. 4. The fourth paragraph tells us the importance of talking to the rangers when we are in the wilderness. 5. To have a good camp, we also need a goo

29、d plan.6. The text is mainly about . A. camping at a camp site B. camping in the wilderness C. picking a good camp site D. avoiding dangerous camp site The sun hung higher in the sky on that afternoon in March of 1970. I made a kick at the snow banks at the side of the road. The ice crust (冰壳冰壳) bro

30、ke. There it was. A small silver of plastic with the red letters of the Farmers milk logos (标识标识) on it. I picked it up and smiled. In 1970, if I collected fifteen Farmers logos from their products and sent them in, theyd send me a packet of ten 57 inch pictures of NHL hockey players. Hockey was my

31、favorite then. I wanted the pictures of all my heroes on skates, especially the members of the Boston Bruins. As the weather continued to warm, the snow slowly disappeared. I walked along the road. Each day there appeared a few buried wrappers (包装纸包装纸) with the red Farmers logos. Finally, I got fift

32、een and put them in the mail the next day. A week later, I walked home from school, opened the door and on the table was a brown envelope addressed to Michael Smith. My heart beat crazily. Inside were ten photos waiting for my eager hands to sort. Bobby Orr wasnt in this packet, but I got the Bruins

33、 highest score Phil Esposito. I ran next door to show Jimmy the photos. He got a packet that day too. For weeks, we kids cleaned the roadside, collecting Farmers wrappers. We were making the village a cleaner place. A couple times a week, I received another packet of photos. My collection grew. I st

34、ill have those photos more than forty years later. Looking through them, I remember those years long ago, when I learned a lesson. I collected logos. The photos were my reward. I had no idea the real reward I was learning: if you want something, you have to be devoted, and you have to work for it. 1

35、. The sentence that can summarize the main idea of the text is in Paragraph 5 . 2. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. You have to work for it B.You need to be a dreamer C. You will fall in love with hockey D. You will be rewarded for learning二轮复习二轮复习20132013高考英语高考英语主旨和要义题型易错点主旨

36、和要义题型易错点 未站在整个段落（文章）的高度，未站在整个段落（文章）的高度，以偏概全、以点带面，甚至出现以偏概全、以点带面，甚至出现风牛马不相及的现象风牛马不相及的现象6. The text is mainly about . A. camping at a camp site B. camping in the wilderness C. picking a good camp site D. avoiding dangerous camp site（1 1）当堂训练中，我做对了（）当堂训练中，我做对了（ ）题。）题。（2 2）我能运用本节课所学方法与技巧去解决阅）我能运用本节课所学方法与

37、技巧去解决阅读理解中主旨要义题：读理解中主旨要义题： A. A. B. B. C. C. （3 3）我还要巩固和反复练习的地方是：）我还要巩固和反复练习的地方是： Self assessment自我评价自我评价二轮复习二轮复习20132013高考英语高考英语二轮复习二轮复习20132013高考英语高考英语Self-improvement自我提升自我提升 （1 1）HomeworkHomework：英语周报第：英语周报第4141期期理解主旨理解主旨和要义和要义部分部分（2 2）Daily practice: Daily practice: 110110分以上同学每周阅读训练分以上同学每周阅读训练

38、2525篇，每次篇，每次5 5篇；篇；90-11090-110分的同学每周分的同学每周15-2015-20篇，每次篇，每次3-43-4篇；篇；9090分以下的同学每周分以下的同学每周12-1512-15篇，每次篇，每次2-32-3篇。篇。二轮复习二轮复习20132013高考英语高考英语奋战奋战最后最后7878天！天！ If you want something, you have to be devoted, and you have to work for it. If I want a good mark in the English examination, I have to be devoted, and I have to work for it. Class 4 Senior 3English